Jonah 2:5 — Word Study
WLCאֲפָפ֤וּנִי מַ֙יִם֙ עַד־ נֶ֔פֶשׁ תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי ס֖וּף חָב֥וּשׁ לְרֹאשִֽׁי׃
BSAIʼănîy to sayʼâmar to drive outgârash beforeneged eyeʻayin surelyʼak to addyâçaph to looknâbaṭ to(wards)ʼêl templehêykâl Holy Placeqôdesh
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אֲפָפ֤וּנִי | they have encompassed me | Verb qal perfect third person common plural, suffix |
| מַ֙יִם֙ | waters | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| עַד־ | to | Preposition |
| נֶ֔פֶשׁ | [the] neck | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| תְּה֖וֹם | [the] deep | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי | it surrounds me | Verb piel imperfect third person masculine singular, suffix |
| ס֖וּף | rush[es] | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| חָב֥וּשׁ | [is] wrapped round | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) masculine singular |
| לְרֹאשִֽׁי׃ | to head my | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The waters engulfed me to take my life; the watery depths closed around me; the seaweed wrapped around my head. |
| KJV | The waters compassed me about, even to the soul: the depth closed me round about, the weeds were wrapped about my head. |
| ASV | The waters compassed me about, even to the soul; The deep was round about me; The weeds were wrapped about my head. |
| YLT | Compassed me have waters unto the soul, The deep doth compass me, The weed is bound to my head. |
| WEB | The waters surrounded me, even to the soul. The deep was around me. The weeds were wrapped around my head. |
| BBE | The waters were circling round me, even to the neck; the deep was about me; the sea-grass was twisted round my head. |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, emphasizing Jonah's perilous state.
The sentence has a main clause with two subordinate phrases describing the conditions of Jonah's experience.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאָמַר
verbיָסַף
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Jonah 2:5
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Jonah's Prayer from the Depthsgenerated
Jonah 2:5 captures Jonah's plea as he finds himself in a life-threatening situation, surrounded by water and seaweed, expressing his despair and turning to God for help. This prayer reflects the deep anguish he feels while being swallowed by the fish, and it serves as a turning point in his narrative, highlighting themes of repentance and divine mercy.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 40:2 | He lifted me up from the pit of despair, out of the miry clay; He set my feet upon a rock, and made my footsteps firm. |
| 2 | Psalm 69:1–2 | Save me, O God, for the waters are up to my neck. |
| 3 | Lamentations 3:54 | The waters flowed over my head, and I thought I was going to die. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֲפָפ֤וּנִי, 'a.fa.Fu.nigenerated
The verb אֲפָף (aphaph) means 'to surround' or 'to encompass.' It is a perfect form indicating a completed action, suggesting that Jonah feels completely encircled by the waters. This word is often used in contexts of both protection and peril, emphasizing the duality of being surrounded by God’s presence or by danger.
In this verse, it describes how the waters have completely enveloped Jonah, creating a vivid image of his dire circumstances. The use of the third person plural form indicates that multiple forces (the waters) are acting upon him, heightening the sense of threat to his life.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb in this verse is אֲפָפ֤וּנִי, they have encompassed me, which governs the surrounding phrases. The structure of the sentence emphasizes Jonah's overwhelming experience, with two additional clauses detailing the conditions of his plight: the waters and the depths.
The prepositional phrases עַד־ נֶ֔פֶשׁ and לְרֹאשִֽׁי provide context to the verb, indicating the extent of his suffering and the specific elements that are surrounding him, which contributes to the overall feeling of despair.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word אֲפָף is rendered as ἐγὼ (I). This choice shifts the focus from the encompassing waters to Jonah's personal experience, emphasizing his individual struggle.
The translation reflects a more subjective interpretation of the events, highlighting the emotional aspect of Jonah's prayer rather than just the physical circumstances.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Jonah 2:5 describes Jonah's desperate situation as he is surrounded by water and seaweed, feeling as if his life is being taken. This verse captures his anguish and his plea for help from God, emphasizing the urgency of his circumstances.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Jonah is expressing his feeling of being overwhelmed by the waters, which represent danger and despair in his situation.
Jonah is praying out of desperation while trapped in the belly of the fish, seeking God's mercy and intervention.
The seaweed wrapping around Jonah's head symbolizes his entrapment and the suffocating nature of his circumstances.
This prayer reveals Jonah's deep distress and his recognition of his need for divine help in a life-threatening situation.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I felt surrounded by challenges, similar to Jonah's experience?
- How can I turn to God in my own moments of distress, as Jonah did?
- What does it mean for me to recognize when I am in need of help and to seek it?
- How can I support others who may feel overwhelmed by their circumstances?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church writers reference Jonah's experience to discuss themes of repentance and divine mercy. Quotations from Irenaeus and Jerome illustrate their interpretations of Jonah's plight.
If any one imagine it impossible that men should survive for such a length of time, and that Elias was not caught up in the flesh, but that his flesh was consumed in the fiery chariot, let him consider that Jonah,Early Church Fathers on Jonah 2 →
"the weeds were wrapped about my head. I went down to the bottoms of the mountains; the earth with her bars was about me for ever:" LXX: 'my head has penetrated to the base of mountains;Early Church Fathers on Jonah 2 →
"The waters compassed me about, even to the soul: the depth closed me round about," LXX: 'the water ran about me up to my spirit; the last depth closed around me'.Early Church Fathers on Jonah 2 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Jonah 2:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe waters compassed me about, [even] to the soul,.... Either when he was first cast into the sea, which almost suffocated him, and just ready to take away his life, could not breathe for them, as is
Read John Gill on Jonah 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe waters compassed me about, even to the soul: the depth closed me round about, the weeds were wrapped about my head. The waters compassed me about, even to the soul - i:e., threatening to extinguish the animal life.
Read Robert Jamieson on Jonah 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe former part of this verse seems to be an ingeminating of what was said , and bears the self-same meaning and interpretation. The waters; literally, the waters of the sea; metaphorically, afflictions; mystically, temptations; these last arising from his own guilt, and from the tokens of God’ s displeasure against him in so unusual a manner. Compassed me about, even to the soul; to the endangering his life, and were forerunners (as he apprehended) of worse miseries, the foretastes of an eternal damnation: it was a miracle of providence to preserve my life, it was no less wonder of free grace to save my soul. The depth closed me round about; he was carried to the bottom of the sea, lay as…
Read Matthew Poole on Jonah 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJonah 2:5 The waters compassed me about, [even] to the soul: the depth closed me round about, the weeds were wrapped about my head.Ver. 5. The waters compassed me about, even to the soul] That is, usque ad animae deliquium, till I laboured for life, and was as good as gone. The depth closed me round about] and further observe, that God’ s dear children may fall into desperate and deadly dangers, see Psalms 18:3; Psalms 88:3; Psalms 116:3. And this for, 1. Prevention, 2. Purgation, 3. Probation, 4. Preparations to further both mercies and duties. Let us not therefore censure ourselves or others as hated of God, because greatly distressed; but encourage ourselves in them, as did David at…
Read John Trapp on Jonah 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(5) The waters.—See reference in margin. The weeds were wrapped about my head.—This graphic touch is quite original. The figure of overwhelming waters is a common one in Hebrew song to represent some crushing sorrow, but nowhere is the picture so vivid as here. At the same time the entire absence of any reference to the fish, which would, indeed, be altogether out of place in this picture of a drowning man entangled in seaweed, should be noticed. That on which the prophet lays stress is not on the mode of his escape, but his escape itself.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Jonah 2 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 5. The waters compassed me about even to the soul] So as to seem to deprive me of life. I had no hope left. The weeds were wrapped about my head.] This may be understood literally also. He found himself in the fish's stomach, together with sea weeds, and such like marine substances, which the fish had taken for its aliment.
Read AdamClarke on Jonah 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges5. compassed me about] It would be better, perhaps, to render surrounded me, in order to show that this is a different word from that in Jonah 2:3, and then in the second clause of this verse, where the word is the same as in Jonah 2:3, to render compassed me about, instead of closed me round about. to the soul] i. e. so as to endanger my soul, or life. Comp. Psalms 69:1 (where similar language is used figuratively) and Jeremiah 4:10. the weeds] The Heb. word is sûph, which so often occurs in the name Red Sea (lit., sea of sûph). “The sûph of the sea, it seems quite certain, is a seaweed resembling wool. Such sea-weed is thrown up abundantly on the shores of the Red Sea.”—Smith’s Bible…
Read Cambridge on Jonah 2 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe waters compassed me about even to the soul - Words which to others were figures of distress (Psalms 69:2. See the introduction to Jonah), “the waters have come even to the soul,” were to Jonah realities.
Read Albert Barnes on Jonah 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The waters engulfed me to take my life; the watery depths closed around me; the seaweed wrapped around my head.
The waters surrounded me, even to the soul. The deep was around me. The weeds were wrapped around my head.
The waters engulfed me to take my life; the watery depths closed around me; the seaweed wrapped around my head.
Water engulfed me up to my neck; the deep ocean surrounded me; seaweed was wrapped around my head.
Tyndale line
The waters compassed me about, even to the soul: the depth closed me round about, the weeds were wrapped about my head.
The waters compassed me about, even to the soul; The deep was round about me; The weeds were wrapped about my head.
The waters compassed me about, even to the soul; the deep was round about me; the weeds were wrapped about my head.
The waters encompassed me, even to the soul: the depth inclosed me on every side, the weeds were wrapped about my head.
The waters compassed me about vnto the soule: the depth closed me rounde about, and the weedes were wrapt about mine head.
Strictly literal
The waters encompassed me, to the soul: The deep was round about me, The weeds were wrapped about my head.
Compassed me have waters unto the soul, The deep doth compass me, The weed is bound to my head.
Waters have surrounded me to the soul, || The deep surrounds me, || The weed is bound to my head.
(2:6) The waters surrounded me, to the peril of my life; the deep compassed me about: sea-weeds were bound about my head.
The waters closed around me up to my neck; the deep was all around me; seaweed wrapped around my head.
From the Latin
And I said: I am cast away out of the sight of thy eyes: but yet I shall see thy holy temple again.
Simplified
The water swirled over me so I couldn't breathe; the deep sucked me down; seaweed wrapped itself around my head.
The waters were circling round me, even to the neck; the deep was about me; the sea-grass was twisted round my head.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents the verse as אֲפָפ֤וּנִי מַ֙יִם֙ עַד־ נֶ֔פֶשׁ תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי ס֖וּף חָב֥וּשׁ לְרֹאשִֽׁי׃, which is closely matched by the Septuagint, indicating a high degree of agreement. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but maintain the core elements of the text, suggesting a consistent transmission of this verse through different traditions.
אֲפָפ֤וּנִי מַ֙יִם֙ עַד־ נֶ֔פֶשׁ תְּה֖וֹם יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי ס֖וּף חָב֥וּשׁ לְרֹאשִֽׁי׃
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ואני [אמרתי] נגרשתי מנגד עיני׳ך אכה [אסף] [להביט] אל היכל קודש׳ך
6 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.
ואני אמרתי נגרשתי מנגד עיני׳ך אך אוסיף להביט אל היכל קדש׳ך
9 words on the leather — 2 partly restored.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Jonah 2:5
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אָפַף (aphaph) is a primitive root meaning to surround or encompass. The entries consistently define it as a verb that conveys the action of surrounding, particularly in the Qal stem. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
[אָפַף] vb. surround, encompass
base
H661 אָפַף
661 'aphaph aw-faf'
a primitive root; to surround:--compass.
אָפַף (a.phaph) — to surround.
1) to surround, encompass
1a) (Qal) to encompass
HVqp3cp/Sp1bs — Verb qal perfect third person common plural · suffixHVqp3cp/Sp1bs
מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.
[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
base
H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
4325 mayim mah'-yim
dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+
piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).
מַי (ma.yim) — water.
1) water, waters
1a) water
1b) water of the feet, urine
1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)
מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).
This name means water, refreshment
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
wo'-terz (mayim, plural of may, "water"; in the New Testament hudor, "water"; kindunois potamon (2Co 11:26), the King James Version "perils of waters," is in the Revised Version (British and American) "perils of rivers"): In the New Testament there is frequent reference to the water of baptism. Pilate washes his hands with water to signify his guiltlessness. Jesus tells the Samaritan woman of the living water. The Lamb shall guide the redeemed unto fountains of waters of life.
The uses of mayim are well classified in BDB, especially the figurative references, as follows: a symbol of distress, "when thou passest through the waters" (Isa 43:2); of force, "like the breach of waters" (2Sa 5:20); of that which is overwhelming, "a…
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
HR — PrepositionHR
The Hebrew word נֶ֫פֶשׁ (*nephesh*) broadly means 'soul' or 'living being,' encompassing concepts like life, self, person, desire, and emotion. It is derived from the root meaning 'to breathe' and signifies both physical and mental aspects of existence. The lexicons note its use in various contexts, including as the seat of appetites and emotions, though its application to will and character is uncertain.
נֶ֫פֶשׁ 756 n.f. soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion
= that which breathes, the breathing substance or being
The נפשׁ becomes a living being
The נפשׁ is specif.
The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself
נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)
נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions
נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts
נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.
נפשׁ = character is still more dub.
נ׳ in D
base
H5315 נֶ֫פֶשׁ soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion . = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being
. The נפשׁ becomes a living being
. The נפשׁ is specif.
. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself
. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)
. נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions
. נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts
. נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.
. נפשׁ = character is still more dub.
. נ׳ in D
5315 nephesh neh'-fesh
from 5314; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of
(abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal,
accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental):--any,
appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire,
X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y),
(hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me,
mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-,
thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they,
thing, (X she) will, X would have it.
see HEBREW for 05314
נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul.
1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion
1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man
1b) living being
1c) living being (with life in the blood)
1d) the man himself, self, person or individual
1e) seat of the appetites
1f) seat of emotions and passions
1g) activity of mind
1g1) uncertain
1h) activity of the will
1h1) uncertain
1i) activity of the character
1i1) uncertain
נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul: life.
1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion
1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man
1b) living being
1c) living being (with life in the blood)
1d) the man himself, self, person or individual
1e) seat of the appetites
1f) seat of emotions and passions
1g) activity of mind
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
nek (tsawwar, tsawwa'r, tsawwaron, tsawwa'rah, Aramaic tsawwar (Da 5:7,16,29), `oreph, miphreqeth (1Sa 4:18); nostos, "back" (Baruch 2:33); occasionally the words garon (Isa 3:16; Eze 16:11), and gargeroth, plural of gargarah, literally, "throat" (Pr 1:9; 3:3,12; 6:21), are translated "neck"): The neck is compared with a tower for beauty (So 4:4; 7:4) and is decorated with necklaces and chains (Pr 1:9; 3:3,12; 6:21, Hebrew gargeroth; Eze 16:11, Hebrew garon…
Neck
Used sometimes figuratively. To “lay down the neck” (Rom. 16:4) is to hazard one’s life. Threatenings of coming judgments are represented by the prophets by their laying bands upon the people’s necks (Deut. 28:48; Isa. 10:27; Jer. 27:2). Conquerors put their feet on the necks of their enemies as a sign of their subjection (Josh. 10:24; 2 Sam. 22:41).
The phrases to "harden the neck," Pr 29:1, and to be "stiff- necked," like a headstrong brute, illustrate the willful obstinacy of sinners against the instructions and commands of God. The tyrants of ancient days sometimes put their feet on the prostrate necks of princes, in token of their subjugation, trampling them in the dust. Their mischief sometimes returned upon their own heads, Jos 10:24; Ps 18:40.
תְּהוֹם (tehom) refers to a deep or abyss, often associated with the sea or subterranean waters. It encompasses meanings such as depths, the primeval ocean in Hebrew cosmology, and can also denote the grave. The word is typically feminine and is derived from a root meaning 'to surge.'
תְּהוֹם n.f. et m. deep, sea, abyss
deep, of subterranean waters
(deep) sea
primaeval ocean, deep, in Heb. cosmogony
deep, depth
abyss
base
H8415 תְּהוֹם deep, sea, abyss . deep, of subterranean waters
. (deep) sea
. primaeval ocean, deep, in Heb. cosmogony
. deep, depth
. abyss
8415 thowm teh-home'
or thom {teh-home'}; (usually feminine) from 1949; an abyss
(as a surging mass of water), especially the deep (the main
sea or the subterranean water-supply):--deep (place), depth.
see HEBREW for 01949
תְּהוֹם (te.hom) — abyss.
1) deep, depths, deep places, abyss, the deep, sea
1a) deep (of subterranean waters)
1b) deep, sea, abysses (of sea)
1c) primeval ocean, deep
1d) deep, depth (of river)
1e) abyss, the grave
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
The Hebrew word סָבַב (savav) means to turn or go around, encompassing a range of actions such as surrounding, marching, and changing direction. It is built from a primitive root and has various applications, both literal and figurative, including transforming or enclosing. The entries detail its uses in different verbal forms, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.
סָבַב vb. turn about, go around, surround
Qal
turn, intrans.
march, or walk, around
go partly round, circle, skirt
make a round, or circuit, go about to
surround, encompass
Niph.
turn oneself against, close round upon
turn round (from a direct course)
esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward
pass. be turned over to, into the power of
Pi. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter
Po‛.
encompass (with protection)
come about, assemble round
march or go about
enclose, envelop
Hiph.
turn (trans.), cause to turn
bring over (i.e. to allegiance)
turn into, of changing name
= bring round, of changing name
cause to go around
surround with (acc.) wall
perh. also encompass (as foe)
Hoph.
be turned, of cart wheel
surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels
base
H5437 סָבַב turn about, go around, surround .. turn, intrans.
. . march, or walk, around
. go partly round, circle, skirt
. make a round, or circuit, go about to
. surround, encompass
. . . turn oneself against, close round upon
. turn round (from a direct course)
. esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward
. pass. be turned over to, into the power of
. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter
. . encompass (with protection)
. come about, assemble round
. march or go about
. enclose, envelop
. . . turn (trans.), cause to turn
. bring over (i.e. to allegiance)
. turn into, of changing name
. = bring round, of changing name
. . cause to go around
. surround with (acc.) wall
. perh. also encompass (as foe)
. . be turned, of cart wheel
. surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels
5437 cabab saw-bab'
a primitive root; to revolve, surround, or border; used in
various applications, literally and figuratively (as
follows):--bring, cast, fetch, lead, make, walk, X whirl, X
round about, be about on every side, apply, avoid, beset
(about), besiege, bring again, carry (about), change, cause to
come about, X circuit, (fetch a) compass (about, round),
drive, environ, X on every side, beset (close, come, compass,
go, stand) round about, inclose, remove, return, set, sit
down, turn (self) (about, aside, away, back).
סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: turn.
: turn/bring_around
1) to turn, turn about or around or aside or back or towards, go about or around, surround, encircle, change direction
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn, turn about, be brought round, change
1a2) to march or walk around, go partly around, circle about, skirt, make a round, make a circuit, go about to, surround, encompass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to turn oneself, close round, turn round
1b2) to be turned over to
1c) (Piel) to turn about, change, transform
1d) (Poel)
1d1) to encompass, surround
1d2) to come about, assemble round
1d3) to march, go about
1d4) to enclose, envelop
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to turn, cause to turn, turn back, reverse, bring over, turn into, bring round
1e2) to cause to go around, surround, encompass
1f) (Hophal)
1f1) to be turned
1f2) to be surrounded
סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: surround.
: surround/go_round
HVpi3ms/Sp1bs — Verb piel imperfect third person masculine singular · suffixHVpi3ms/Sp1bs
סוּף (suph) refers to reeds or rushes, particularly associated with the Nile and the Red Sea. The term may have Egyptian origins and is used to describe both a type of water plant and the Red Sea itself. The entries indicate that it can denote the Gulf of Suez and the sea from the straits to the Gulf of Akaba.
סוּף n.m. reeds, rushes
rushes, in Nile
Red Sea
base
H5488 סוּף reeds, rushes . rushes, in Nile
. Red Sea
5488 cuwph soof
probably of Egyptian origin; a reed, especially the
papyrus:--flag, Red (sea), weed. Compare 5489.
see HEBREW for 05489
סוּף (suph) — Red (Sea).
1) of Red Sea
2) of Gulf of Suez
3) of sea from straits to Gulf of Akaba
Also named: eruthros (ἐρυθρός "Red( Sea)" G2063) as "Reed Sea"
סוּף (suph) — reed.
1) reed, rush, water plant
1a) rushes
1b) sea of rushes - used of Red Sea
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
חָבַשׁ (chabash) is a Hebrew verb meaning to bind, tie, or saddle. It covers a range of actions from physically binding something up to metaphorically governing or restraining. The word appears in various forms, including Qal (to bind) and Piel (to restrain). The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to binding and governance.
[חָבַשׁ] vb. bind, bind on, bind up
Qal
bind, bind on
bind up
Pi. bind, restrain
Pu. be bound up
base
H2280 חָבַשׁ bind, bind on, bind up
2280 chabash khaw-bash'
a primitive root; to wrap firmly (especially a turban,
compress, or saddle); figuratively, to stop, to rule:--bind
(up), gird about, govern, healer, put, saddle, wrap about.
חָבַשׁ (cha.vash) — to saddle/tie.
1) to tie, bind, bind on, bind up, saddle, restrain, bandage, govern
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bind, bind on
1a2) to bind up
1b) (Piel) to bind, restrain
1c) (Pual) to be bound up
HVqsmsa — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine singularHVqsmsa
רֹאשׁ (ro'sh) means 'head' and encompasses various meanings related to position and rank. It can refer to the head of a person or animal, the top of a mountain, or a chief in various contexts, such as a city or nation. The word also signifies beginnings and sums, appearing in phrases related to enumeration. Additionally, it serves as a proper noun for 'Rosh,' a title for a chief or prince.
רֹאשׁ 599 n.m.
(c. 230 t.) head, of human being
head, of animals
top (88 t.)
height, of stars
head = chief (man)
= chief (city)
chief nation
= chief (place, position)
= chief priest
= head of a family
head = front, leader's place
of time, beginning, of night watch
of things, river-heads
chief, choicest, best, of spices
head = division of army, company, band
= sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate
other phr.
base
רֹאשׁ n.pr.gent. Rôsh
base
H7218a רֹאשׁ . . (c. 230 t.) head, of human being
. head, of animals
. . top (88 t.)
. height, of stars
. . head = chief (man)
. = chief (city)
. chief nation
. = chief (place, position)
. = chief priest
. = head of a family
. . head = front, leader's place
. of time, beginning, of night watch
. of things, river-heads
. chief, choicest, best, of spices
. head = division of army, company, band
. = sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate
. other phr.
H7218b רֹאשׁ n. pr. gent. Rôsh
7218 ro'sh roshe
from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as
most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many
applications, of place, time, rank, itc.):--band, beginning,
captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company,
end, X every (man), excellent, first, forefront, ((be-))head,
height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), X lead, X poor,
principal, ruler, sum, top.
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head.
: head
1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning
1a) head (of man, animals)
1b) top, tip (of mountain)
1c) height (of stars)
1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)
1e) head, front, beginning
1f) chief, choicest, best
1g) head, division, company, band
1h) sum
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — prince.
Rosh, a tite for a chief or prince
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: leader.
: leader
1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning
1a) head (of man, animals)
1b) top, tip (of mountain)
1c) height (of stars)
1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)
1e) head, front, beginning
1f) chief, choicest, best
1g) head, division, company, band
1h) sum
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: top.
: top/best
1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning
1a) head (of man, animals)
HR/Ncmsc/Sp1bs — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp1bs