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Job 35:14 — Word Study

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WLCאַ֣ף כִּֽי־ תֹ֭אמַר לֹ֣א תְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ דִּ֥ין לְ֝פָנָ֗יו וּתְח֥וֹלֵֽל לֽוֹ׃

BSAHow much lessʼaph then, whenkîy you sayʼâmar [declare, assert] that you do notlôʼ see Himshûwr [behold, perceive] that your casedîyn [judgment, cause] is before Himpânîym [in the presence of] and you must waitchûwl [trust, expect]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 35
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 14 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (lo) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 35:14quick helps
In a sentenceJob questions the validity of saying you do not see God while your case is before Him.
Who is speakingJob, in dialogue with his friends, emphasizing God's awareness.
Where we areIn the midst of Job's defense against accusations of wrongdoing.
The hard wordתְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ, te.shu.Re.nu
Take awayThe assertion of God's presence and judgment remains, even when unseen.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectדִּין verbאָמַר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 35:14

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Defensegenerated

13Surely God does not listen to empty pleas, and the Almighty does not take note of it.
14How much less, then, when you say that you do not see Him, that your case is before Him and you must wait for Him,
15and further, that in His anger He has not punished or taken much notice of folly!
16So Job opens his mouth in vain and multiplies words without knowledge.”

Job 35:14 is part of Job's response to his friends, who argue that his suffering must be due to sin. Job asserts that God's judgment is present even when He is not visibly seen, emphasizing the need to trust and wait on God despite circumstances. This reflects Job's struggle to understand his suffering in light of God's justice, as he continues to plead his case before the Almighty.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 9:11Were He to pass by me, I would not see Him; were He to move, I would not recognize Him.
2Job 23:3–8If only I knew where to find Him, so that I could go to His seat.
3Job 9:19If it is a matter of strength, He is indeed mighty! If it is a matter of justice, who can summon Him ?
4Job 19:7Though I cry out, ‘Violence!’ I get no response; though I call for help, there is no justice.
5Psalm 77:5–10I considered the days of old, the years long in the past.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word תְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ, te.shu.Re.nugenerated

The verb תְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ (te.shu.Re.nu) is formed from the root שׁוּר (shuwr), meaning 'to see' or 'to observe'. In this context, it conveys the idea of perceiving or being aware of God's presence. The parsing indicates that it is in the imperfect tense, second person masculine singular, suggesting an ongoing action or state.

Job challenges the notion of not seeing God while simultaneously asserting that one's case is before Him. This highlights the tension between human perception and divine oversight, emphasizing that God's judgment is always present, regardless of human acknowledgment.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses wait for תְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause is governed by the verb תֹ֭אמַר, you will say, with several phrases hanging off it: a negation, a verb phrase indicating observation, and a noun phrase indicating the case before God. The structure emphasizes Job's rhetorical questioning.

The sentence flows from Job's assertion to the implications of his statement, illustrating the contrast between human perception and divine reality.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates תְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ as με (G3165), indicating a focus on the act of waiting or observing. This choice suggests a narrowing of the Hebrew's broader sense of seeing to a more specific act of waiting in God's presence.

This reflects an interpretative approach that emphasizes the relational aspect of waiting on God, aligning with the broader themes of trust in the divine.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 35:14 challenges the idea of not seeing God while asserting that one's case is before Him. Job emphasizes that even when we cannot see God, we must trust and wait for His judgment, which is always present.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Job mean by saying 'you do not see Him'?

Job is addressing the perception of God's absence, questioning how one can claim not to see God while still being under His judgment.

Why is it important to wait for God?

Waiting for God signifies trust in His timing and judgment, acknowledging that He sees and knows all, even when we feel abandoned.

How does this verse relate to Job's overall message?

This verse encapsulates Job's struggle with understanding his suffering in light of God's justice, reinforcing the idea of divine oversight.

What does Job imply about God's judgment?

Job implies that God's judgment is always present and that one must remain faithful and expectant, even in times of distress.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I struggle to see God's presence in my life?
  2. How can I cultivate a sense of trust and expectation while waiting for God's response?
  3. What does it mean to me that God's judgment is always present, even when I cannot see Him?
  4. How can I encourage others who feel they cannot perceive God in their circumstances?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentary on this verse includes insights from John Chrysostom and Gregory the Dialogist, who discuss God's awareness and the importance of waiting for Him.

John ChrysostomCOMMENTARY ON Job 35:11-16 c. 347–407
“For he, the Almighty, observes all those who commit impieties. But plead before him, if you can praise him conveniently.” If he had established a court and had published its decisions, you would have not praised him,
Early Church Fathers on Job 35 →
Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XXVI c. 540–604
Even when thou shall say, He doth not consider, judge thyself before Him, and wait for Him. For perhaps when our cry seems to be disregarded, the hope, which was in our heart, is weakened,
Early Church Fathers on Job 35 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 35:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Although thou sayest thou shall not see him,.... Which is another expression of Job's taken notice of by Elihu, and to which he makes answer; he seems to refer to Job 23:3.

Read John Gill on Job 35 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Although thou sayest thou shalt not see him, yet judgment is before him; therefore trust thou in him.

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 35 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Thou shalt not see him; or, thou canst not see him; the future tense of the indicative mood being oft put potentially; i.e. thou canal not have thy desire in appearing and pleading thy cause before him. So this is a new matter, and Elihu answers another objection of Job’ s, of which see ,9, and tells him that he is not to judge of God by present appearance; because though God may for a season hide his face, and delay to give him an answer, yet he will certainly do him right. Before him, i.e. before God, or in his presence, or at his tribunal, or in all his ways and admininstrations. And judgment is put for justice or just judgment, as it Isaiah 99:4, and oft elsewhere. So the sense is, God…

Read Matthew Poole on Job 35 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 35:14 Although thou sayest thou shalt not see him, [yet] judgment [is] before him; therefore trust thou in him.Ver. 14. Although thou sayest thou shalt not see him, &c.] This is that tertium Iobi pronuntiatum, Job’ s third speech, which Elihu taketh upon him to reprehend and refute. It is taken out of Job 23:8-9, and the sense is, that God would never appear to do him right. But although thou sayest such a thing, and so seemest to chime in with those wicked ones who deny God’ s providence; yet thou oughtest to be better persuaded of his presence with thee and providence over thee; for judgment is before him, and he will certainly do right; only thou must give glory to God and wait his…

Read John Trapp on Job 35 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(14) Although thou sayest thou shalt not see him.—Rather, Dost not behold Him.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 35 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 14. Thou sayest thou shalt not see HIM] Several MSS. have "Thou shalt not see me," and the Septuagint, and one other, "Thou shalt not see us," but without the points, תשורנו, the original may be read see HIM or see US, the third person singular, or the first person plural. Yet judgment is before him] Rest assured that God has not forgotten either to punish or to save; therefore trust in him; choose to be a monument of his mercy, rather than of his justice.

Read AdamClarke on Job 35 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

9–15. Having laid down his principle Elihu now proceeds to clear away some anomalies which seem to support Job’s contention. There are instances where godliness does not seem to advantage men, where oppressed innocence cries in vain for redress. The reason is that the cry is merely the natural voice of suffering; it is no true devout appeal to heaven—none saith, Where is God my maker?

Read Cambridge on Job 35 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Although thou sayest thou shalt not see him - This is addressed to Job, and is designed to entreat him to trust in God.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 35 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

How much less, then, when you say that you do not see Him, that your case is before Him and you must wait for Him,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

How much less when you say you don’t see him. The cause is before him, and you wait for him!

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

How much less, then, when you say that you do not see Him, that your case is before Him and you must wait for Him,

NETBNew English Translation2006

How much less, then, when you say that you do not perceive him, that the case is before him and you are waiting for him!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Although thou sayest thou shalt not see him, yet judgment is before him; therefore trust thou in him.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

How much less when thou sayest thou beholdest him not, The cause is before him, and thou waitest for him!

RVARevised Version, American1894

How much less when thou sayest thou beholdest him not, the cause is before him, and thou waitest for him!

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Although thou sayest thou shalt not see him, yet judgment is before him; therefore trust thou in him.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Although thou sayest to God, Thou wilt not regard it, yet iudgement is before him: trust thou in him.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Although thou sayest thou dost not see him, judgment is before him, therefore wait for him.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Yea, though thou sayest thou dost not behold Him, Judgment [is] before Him, and stay for Him.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Indeed, though you say you do not behold Him, || Judgment [is] before Him, and stays for Him.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Although thou sayest, thou canst not see him: yet the decision is before him; and do thou wait for him.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

How much less will he answer you if you say that you do not see him, that your case is before him, and that you are waiting for him!

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Yea when thou shalt say: He considereth not: be judged before him, and expect him.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

How much less will God hear you when you say he can't see you? Your case is before him, so you have to wait for him.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

How much less when you say that you do not see him; that the cause is before him, and you are waiting for him.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseאַ֣ףindeed?clauseכִּֽי(dm)clauseverbתֹ֭אמַרyou.will.sayclause · objectclauseadverbialלֹ֣אnotverbתְשׁוּרֶ֑youobjectנּוּobserve.himclausesubjectדִּ֥ין[the].caseprepositional phrase · predicateלְ֝[is]noun phraseפָנָ֗יbeforeוhimוּandclauseverbתְח֥וֹלֵֽלyou.will.waitprepositional phrase · prepositionalלֽforוֹhim

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads אַ֣ף כִּֽי־ תֹ֭אמַר לֹ֣א תְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ דִּ֥ין לְ֝פָנָ֗יו וּתְח֥וֹלֵֽל לֽוֹ׃, while the Septuagint matches only a few words, indicating a loose correspondence. This suggests that while the core message remains, the translation may reflect different emphases or interpretations.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

אַ֣ף כִּֽי־ תֹ֭אמַר לֹ֣א תְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ דִּ֥ין לְ֝פָנָ֗יו וּתְח֥וֹלֵֽל לֽוֹ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
תְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּμεלְ֝פָנָ֗יוαὐτοῦלֽוֹ׃αὐτόν

3 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 35:14אַףindeed?indeed?אַףכִּיififכִּיאָמַרyou will sayou will sayאָמַרלֹאnotnotלֹאשׁוּרyou observeyou observe himשׁוּרדִּין[the] case[the] caseדִּיןפָּנֶה[is] before[is] before himפָּנֶהחוּלso you may so you may waitחוּלוֹfor himfor himוֹדִּיןto judgeto judgeדִּיןפָּנָהCorner (GaCorner (Gate)פָּנָהשׁוּרto travelto travelשׁוּרבַּלnotnotבַּליָדַעto knowto knowיָדַעכֹּהthusthusכֹּהיהוהYHWH/GodYHWH/Godיהוהיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדתִּקְוָהcordcordתִּקְוָהאֵלgodgodאֵלסָתַרto hideto hideסָתַרנוּסto fleeto fleeנוּסטֶ֫רֶםbeforebeforeטֶ֫רֶם
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 35:14

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

indeed? if you will say not you observe him [the] case [is] before him so you may wait for him
אַ֣ף'af indeed? H637 Particle
134× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'also' or 'addition', used to connect ideas or show a relationship between them, as seen in Genesis and Exodus. It can also mean 'though' or 'yet', indicating a contrast. This word is often used to add emphasis or provide more information.
Tyndale gloss
also
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אַף (aph) is a conjunction that indicates addition, often implying something greater. It can mean 'also,' 'yea,' or 'though,' and is used to connect ideas in a sentence. The entries highlight its use as both an adverb and conjunction, with a focus on its additive nature.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַף conj. denoting addition, esp. of something greater, also, yea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H637 אַף conj. denoting addition, esp. of something greater, also, yea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

637 'aph af

a primitive particle; meaning accession (used as an adverb or

conjunction); also or yea; adversatively though:--also, +

although, and (furthermore, yet), but, even, + how much less

(more, rather than), moreover, with, yea.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַף (aph) — also.

conj (denoting addition, esp of something greater)

1) also, yea, though, so much the more

adv

2) furthermore, indeed

Aramaic equivalent: aph (אַף "also" H0638)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
DirObjM — Particle
HTj
indeed? if you will say not you observe him [the] case [is] before him so you may wait for him
כִּֽי־ki- if H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj — Particle
HTc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
indeed? if you will say not you observe him [the] case [is] before him so you may wait for him
תֹ֭אמַרTo.mar you will say H559 Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singular
5,309× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.
Amplified meaning
declare, assert
Tyndale gloss
to say
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָמַר (amar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to say' or 'to utter,' with a broad range of uses including to promise, command, or even boast. It appears in various forms, such as in the Qal (to say), Niphal (to be told), and Hiphil (to avow). The entries highlight its versatility in both spoken and internal contexts, though no specific verse is noted.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָמַר 5287 vb. utter, say

Qal

Say

Say in the heart (= think)

Promise

Command (esp. late)

Niph. be said, told

Hiph. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

Hithp. act proudly, boast

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H559 אָמַר utter, say .. Say

. Say in the heart (= think)

. Promise

. Command (esp. late)

. be said, told

. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

. act proudly, boast

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

559 'amar aw-mar'

a primitive root; to say (used with great

latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call,

certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment),

commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X

expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise,

publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X

suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech),

utter, X verily, X yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָמַר (a.mar) — to say.

1) to say, speak, utter

1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called

1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly

1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch

Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singular
HVqi2ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
indeed? if you will say not you observe him [the] case [is] before him so you may wait for him
לֹ֣אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
indeed? if you will say not you observe him [the] case [is] before him so you may wait for him
תְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּte.shu.Re.nu you observe him H7789 Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular · suffix
15× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To see or observe something, like a spy watching from a distance, as in the story of Moses sending scouts to Canaan. It can also mean to care for or regard someone, showing concern for their well-being. This word is used in many biblical stories.
Amplified meaning
behold, perceive
Tyndale gloss
to see
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שׁוּר (shuwr) is a primitive root meaning to see or observe. It encompasses a range of actions from simply seeing and regarding to more active forms like spying or lying in wait. The entries suggest a dual focus on both positive observation and negative lurking. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שׁוּר] vb. behold, regard

behold

regard with watchful care

watch stealthily, lie in wait

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7789 שׁוּר

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7789 shuwr shoor

a primitive root (identical with 7788 through the idea of

going round for inspection); to spy out, i.e. (generally)

survey, (for evil) lurk for, (for good) care for:--behold,

lay wait, look, observe, perceive, regard, see.

see HEBREW for 07788

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שׁוּר (shur) — to see.

1) to see, behold, observe, regard

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to behold, observe

1a2) to regard

1a3) to watch, watch (stealthily), lie in wait

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms | Suff — Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular · suffix
HVqi2ms/Sp3ms
indeed? if you will say not you observe him [the] case [is] before him so you may wait for him
דִּ֥יןdin [the] case H1779 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
20× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Judgment or a legal suit is the meaning of this word, used to describe a cause, plea, or dispute in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
judgment, cause
Tyndale gloss
judgment
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דִּין (din) primarily means 'judgment' and encompasses concepts such as legal suits, causes, and strife. It can also refer to a throne of judgment or government. The word is built from a root related to justice and legal proceedings, and its Aramaic equivalent is also דִּין.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דִּין n.[m.] judgment

throne of judgment

cause, plea

judgment, condemnation

strife

government

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1779 דִּין judgment . throne of judgment

. cause, plea

. judgment, condemnation

. strife

. government

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1779 duwn doon

from 1777; judgement (the suit, justice, sentence or

tribunal); by impl. also strife:--cause, judgement, plea,

strife.

see HEBREW for 01777

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דִּין (din) — judgment.

1) judgment

1a) judgment

1b) cause, plea

1c) condemnation, judgment

1d) dispute, legal suit, strife

1e) government

Aramaic equivalent: din (דִּין "judgment" H1780)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kas: Ordinarily to describe the circumstances or condition of things; sometimes, juridically (aitia, Mt 19:10; Ac 25:14), as that for which a reckoning has to be given, as frequently the Latin res. In Ex 5:19, "they were in evil case," is interpreted by the Revised Version (British and American) as "were set on mischief."

indeed? if you will say not you observe him [the] case [is] before him so you may wait for him
לְ֝פָנָ֗יוle.fa.Nav [is] before him H6440 Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
2,127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Amplified meaning
in the presence of
Tyndale gloss
face
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces

face, faces

presence, person

technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

face of seraphim

face of animals

face (= surface) of ground

as adv.loc. before

for other phrases

with prepositions

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces

. . presence, person

. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

. face of seraphim

. face of animals

. face (= surface) of ground

. as adv. loc. before

. for other phrases

. with prepositions

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6440 paniym paw-neem'

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh

{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);

used in a great variety of applications (literally and

figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a

preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),

against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),

+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,

face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er

time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +

honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +

meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,

open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,

presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right

forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,

X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.

: before/to/front

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.

: face

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cp | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HR/Ncmpc/Sp3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
indeed? if you will say not you observe him [the] case [is] before him so you may wait for him
וּתְח֥וֹלֵֽלu.te.Cho.lel so you may wait H2342 Conjunction · verb piel second person masculine singular
58× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to twist or whirl, and can describe dancing, pain, or fear. It is used to convey strong emotions or physical struggles, such as childbirth or great fear.
Amplified meaning
trust, expect
Tyndale gloss
to twist: tremble
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word חוּל (chuwl) is built from a primitive root meaning to twist or whirl. It covers a range of meanings, including to dance, writhe in pain, bear children, and wait anxiously. The word can also imply strength or firmness, as noted in some entries. Various forms indicate different nuances, such as being made to writhe or suffering anguish.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חוּל [חִיל] vb. whirl, dance, writhe

Qal

dance

twist, writhe

whirl, whirl about

Po‛lel

dance

writhe in travail with, bear, bring forth (poet.)

wait anxiously

Po‛lal

be made to writhe

be brought forth

Hiph. cause to be in anguish

Hoph. be born

Hithpol.

whirling

writhing, suffering torture

wait longingly

Hithpalp. and she writhed in anxiety

base

[חול, חִיל] vb. be firm, strong

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2342a חוּל [חִיל] whirl, dance, writhe .. dance

. twist, writhe

. whirl, whirl about

.. dance

. writhe in travail with, bear, bring forth (poet.)

. wait anxiously

.. be made to writhe

. be brought forth

. cause to be in anguish

. be born

. . whirling

. writhing, suffering torture

. wait longingly

. and she writhed in anxiety

H2342b חול, חִיל br firm, strong

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2342 chuwl khool

or chiyl {kheel}; a primitive root; properly, to twist or

whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e. (specifically) to

dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear;

figuratively, to wait, to pervert:--bear, (make to) bring

forth, (make to) calve, dance, drive away, fall grievously

(with pain), fear, form, great, grieve, (be) grievous, hope,

look, make, be in pain, be much (sore) pained, rest, shake,

shapen, (be) sorrow(-ful), stay, tarry, travail (with pain),

tremble, trust, wait carefully (patiently), be wounded.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חוּל (chul) — to twist: tremble.

: tremble/fear

1) to twist, whirl, dance, writhe, fear, tremble, travail, be in anguish, be pained

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to dance

1a2) to twist, writhe

1a3) to whirl, whirl about

1b) (Polel)

1b1) to dance

1b2) to writhe (in travail with), bear, bring forth

1b3) to wait anxiously

1c) (Pulal)

1c1) to be made to writhe, be made to bear

1c2) to be brought forth

1d) (Hophal) to be born

1e) (Hithpolel)

1e1) whirling (participle)

1e2) writhing, suffering torture (participle)

1e3) to wait longingly

1f) (Hithpalpel) to be distressed

חִיל (chil) — be firm.

to be firm, strong

חוּל (chul) — to twist: give birth.

: give_birth

1) to twist, whirl, dance, writhe, fear, tremble, travail, be in anguish, be pained

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to dance

1a2) to twist, writhe

1a3) to whirl, whirl about

1b) (Polel)

1b1) to dance

1b2) to writhe (in travail with), bear, bring forth

1b3) to wait anxiously

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-o-Imperf-2ms — Conjunction · verb piel second person masculine singular
HC/Vpu2ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wat:

1. The Substantive:

The word is used in the Old Testament both as a substantive add as a verb. In the New Testament it appears as a verb only. 'erebh, ma'arabh, mean a concealed hiding-place for purposes of sudden attack, an ambuscade.

(1) "Lie in wait": "Abimelech rose up .... from lying in wait" (Jud 9:35 the King James Version); "When they .... abide in the covert to lie in wait" (Job 38:40).

(2) "Lay wait": "They compassed him in, and laid wait for him" (Jud 16:2).

2. The Verb:

(1) sharath, "to serve," "to minister," to act in the capacity of servant or attendant: "These waited on the king" (2Ch 17:19). Used especially in this sense with regard to the ceremonial service…

indeed? if you will say not you observe him [the] case [is] before him so you may wait for him
לֽוֹ׃lo for him H9033 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

וֹ (o) — him.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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