Job 30:27 — Word Study
WLCמֵעַ֖י רֻתְּח֥וּ וְלֹא־ דָ֗מּוּ קִדְּמֻ֥נִי יְמֵי־ עֹֽנִי׃
BSAI am churningrâthach■ [my bowels are boiling, intensely troubled] withinmêʻeh and cannotlôʼ restdâmam■ [find no peace] daysyôwm [periods of time, seasons] of afflictionʻŏnîy [misery, hardship, trouble] confront meqâdam■ [meet, come upon, overtake me, are before me]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מֵעַ֖י | inward parts my | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| רֻתְּח֥וּ | they have been made to boil | Verb, Pual, perfect third person common plural |
| וְלֹא־ | and not | Conjunction, particle |
| דָ֗מּוּ | they have been still | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| קִדְּמֻ֥נִי | they have confronted me | Verb piel perfect third person common plural, suffix |
| יְמֵי־ | days of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| עֹֽנִי׃ | affliction | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | I am churning within and cannot rest; days of affliction confront me. |
| KJV | My bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction prevented me. |
| ASV | My heart is troubled, and resteth not; Days of affliction are come upon me. |
| YLT | My bowels have boiled, and have not ceased, Gone before me have days of affliction. |
| WEB | My heart is troubled, and doesn’t rest. Days of affliction have come on me. |
| BBE | My feelings are strongly moved, and give me no rest; days of trouble have overtaken me. |
The translations agree on the depiction of Job's emotional state, particularly in the use of imagery related to boiling and turmoil.
The sentence has one main clause with supporting phrases that elaborate on Job's emotional state and the nature of his suffering.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbרָתַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 30:27
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Lamentgenerated
Job 30:27 reveals Job's intense emotional state, where he describes a deep internal struggle and an inability to find peace amidst his afflictions. This verse is part of a larger lament where Job reflects on his suffering and the overwhelming nature of his circumstances, similar to expressions found in other parts of the book, such as Job 30:26 and Job 30:28.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 22:4 | In You our fathers trusted; they trusted and You delivered them. |
| 2 | Jeremiah 4:19 | My anguish, my anguish! I writhe in pain! Oh, the pain in my chest! My heart pounds within me; I cannot be silent. For I have heard the sound of the horn, the alarm of battle. |
| 3 | Jeremiah 31:20 | Is not Ephraim a precious son to Me, a delightful child? Though I often speak against him, I still remember him. Therefore My heart yearns for him; I have great compassion for him,” declares the LORD. |
| 4 | Lamentations 1:20 | See, O LORD, how distressed I am! I am churning within; my heart is pounding within me, for I have been most rebellious. Outside, the sword bereaves; inside, there is death. |
| 5 | Lamentations 2:11 | My eyes fail from weeping; I am churning within. My heart is poured out in grief over the destruction of the daughter of my people, because children and infants faint in the streets of the city. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מֵעַי, me.'Aigenerated
The term מֵעַי (me`ai) refers to the internal organs, particularly the intestines or belly. It suggests not just physical sensations but also emotional responses, indicating a deep-seated turmoil. The plural form implies multiple aspects of internal distress, often associated with feelings of sympathy or emotional pain.
In this context, Job uses מֵעַי to express his intense inner turmoil, indicating that his emotional state is as troubled as his physical condition. This word choice emphasizes the depth of his suffering and the connection between his physical and emotional experiences.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which translates the phrase as my bowels are boiling, capturing the intensity of Job's emotional state.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb in the verse is רֻתְּח֥וּ, they have been made to boil, which governs the emotional state described. The structure includes a negation with וְלֹא־ (and not) and two additional verbs that describe Job's lack of peace and the confrontation of affliction.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on Job's emotional turmoil, with the verbs indicating actions that are happening to him, creating a sense of immediacy and urgency in his lament.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb רֻתְּח֥וּ is translated as ἐχέζεσεν, which conveys a sense of intense emotional disturbance. This choice suggests a narrowing of focus on the physical manifestation of Job's distress, highlighting the depth of his suffering.
The translation reflects a similar understanding of the emotional turmoil Job experiences, aligning with the Hebrew text's emphasis on inner conflict.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 30:27 shows Job in deep distress, feeling turmoil within himself and unable to find peace. He describes his days as filled with affliction, emphasizing the weight of his suffering.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job is expressing intense emotional pain and turmoil, indicating that his inner distress is as severe as his physical suffering.
Job's inability to find peace reflects the overwhelming nature of his afflictions and the constant confrontation with his suffering.
This phrase highlights the prolonged nature of Job's suffering, suggesting that his trials are not just momentary but ongoing.
This verse encapsulates Job's deep emotional and physical anguish, which is a central theme throughout the book as he grapples with his suffering and seeks understanding.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I experience inner turmoil during difficult times, similar to Job?
- How can I find peace amid my own afflictions?
- What does it mean to confront one's suffering, as Job does in this verse?
- How can Job's lament inform my understanding of emotional distress and its impact on life?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers comment on Job's lament, using this verse to discuss the nature of suffering and emotional distress.
The excess of misfortunes that have befallen him force him to groan and to wail. Even if I wanted it, I could not stay silent, he says.Early Church Fathers on Job 30 →
My bowels boiled, and rested not. The days of affliction prevented me. Since for 'the bowels' of Holy Church 'to boil' is for her to endure in the fierceness of persecution, these very persons too,Early Church Fathers on Job 30 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 30:27 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleMy bowels boiled, and rested not,.... All contained within him, his heart, lungs, and liver, in a literal sense, through a violent fever burning within him; or figuratively, being under great
Read John Gill on Job 30 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMy bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction prevented me. Bowels - regarded as the seat of deep feeling (Isaiah 16:11). Boiled - violently heated and agitated.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 30 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMy inward parts boiled without ceasing. The bowels are the seat of passion and of compassion; and therefore this may be understood, either, 1. Of his compassionate and deep sense of others’ miseries; which is oft expressed by bowels, as , and elsewhere, of which he spoke , to which he subjoins the contrary usage which he met with, . And then, in this first part of , he renews the mention of his compassion to others, and in the latter part he adds, by way of antithesis or opposition, that his mercy was requited with cruel afflictions. Or, 2. Of the grievousness of his troubles, which is sometimes expressed by the troubling or boiling of the bowels, or inward parts; as . Prevented me, i.e.…
Read Matthew Poole on Job 30 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 30:27 My bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction prevented me.Ver. 27. My bowels boiled, and rested not] Being tossed and tumbled with continual boiling and bubbling, rumbling and making a rattle (as the word signifieth), whether through passion or compassion, Ollae more insonueruut (Merc.). With most compassionate sympathy (saith one learned paraphrast) did my bowels yearn over the afflicted, so that I could have no quiet in myself for grieving and taking thought for them; I was seldom or never without sorrow for some one or other’ s affliction. The days of affliction prevented me] Prevision should have hindered this prevention. Evils foreseen come no whit the sooner, but…
Read John Trapp on Job 30 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(27) My bowels boiled.—The sense is better expressed by the present, “My bowels boil, and rest not. Days of affliction have overtaken me unawares.” (See last verse.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 30 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 27. My bowels boiled] This alludes to the strong commotion in the bowels which every humane person feels at the sight of one in misery.
Read AdamClarke on Job 30 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges27–30. Further details of his sufferings in his time of affliction. The tenses should be put in the present.
Read Cambridge on Job 30 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleMy bowels boiled - Or rather, My bowels boil - for he refers to his present circumstances, and not to the past. It is clear that by this phrase he designs to describe deep affliction.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 30 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
I am churning within and cannot rest; days of affliction confront me.
My heart is troubled, and doesn’t rest. Days of affliction have come on me.
I am churning within and cannot rest; days of affliction confront me.
My heart is in turmoil unceasingly; the days of my affliction confront me.
Tyndale line
My bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction prevented me.
My heart is troubled, and resteth not; Days of affliction are come upon me.
My bowels boil, and rest not; days of affliction are come upon me.
My bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction came upon me.
My bowels did boyle without rest: for the dayes of affliction are come vpon me.
Strictly literal
My bowels well up, and rest not; days of affliction have confronted me.
My bowels have boiled, and have not ceased, Gone before me have days of affliction.
My bowels have boiled, and have not ceased, || Days of affliction have gone before me.
My bowels heave, and rest not: the days of affliction have overcome me.
My heart is troubled and does not rest; days of affliction have come on me.
From the Latin
My inner parts have boiled without any rest, the days of affliction have prevented me.
Simplified
Inside I am in turmoil, it never stops; I face days of despair.
My feelings are strongly moved, and give me no rest; days of trouble have overtaken me.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in their wording, with all seven words matched. This indicates a strong consistency in the transmission of this verse across these ancient texts.
מֵעַ֖י רֻתְּח֥וּ וְלֹא־ דָ֗מּוּ קִדְּמֻ֥נִי יְמֵי־ עֹֽנִי׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 30:27
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מֵעֶה (me`ah) refers to internal organs, particularly the intestines and belly. It is used in plural form and can denote various inward parts, including the womb and the seat of emotions. The term may also imply softness, reflecting a figurative sense of sympathy or emotional distress.
[מֵעֶה] n.m. only pl. internal organs, inward parts (intestines, bowels), belly
base
H4578 מֵעֶה only pl. internal organs, inward parts (intestines, bowels), belly
4578 me`ah may-aw'
from an unused root probably meaning to be soft; used only in
plural the intestines, or (collectively) the abdomen,
figuratively, sympathy; by implication, a vest; by extens. the
stomach, the uterus (or of men, the seat of generation), the
heart (figuratively):--belly, bowels, X heart, womb.
מֵעֶה (me.eh) — belly.
1) internal organs, inward parts, bowels, intestines, belly
1a) inward parts
1b) digestive organs
1c) organs of procreation, womb
1d) place of emotions or distress or love (fig.)
1e) external belly
Aramaic equivalent: me.ah (מְעָא "belly" H4577)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp1bs
רָתַח (rathach) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to boil.' It can be used in various forms: the Piel form means 'to cause to boil,' the Pual indicates 'to be made to boil,' and the Hiphil form refers to causing something to boil, as noted in a reference to a crocodile making the depths boil like a pot.
[רָתַח] vb. boil
Pi. cause to boil
Pu. my bowels have been made to boil without quiet
Hiph. (the crocod.) maketh the depth boil like the pot.
base
H7570 רָתַח
7570 rathach raw-thakh'
a primitive root; to boil:--boil.
רָתַח (ra.tach) — to boil.
1) to boil
1a) (Piel) to cause to boil
1b) (Pual) to be made to boil
1c) (Hiphil) to cause to boil
V-Pual-Perf-3cp — Verb · Pual · perfect third person common pluralHVPp3cp
Boil
(rendered “botch” in Deut. 28:27, 35), an aggravated ulcer, as in the case of Hezekiah (2 Kings 20:7; Isa. 38:21) or of the Egyptians (Ex. 9:9, 10, 11; Deut. 28:27, 35). It designates the disease of Job (2:7), which was probably the black leprosy.
[MEDICINE]
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particleHC/Tn
דָּמַם (damam) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning to be silent or still, with implications of astonishment or cessation. It can also convey the idea of perishing or being destroyed. The word appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Poal, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of silence and stillness. Notably, it is associated with wailing in Isaiah 23:2.
[דָּמַם] vb. be or grow dumb, silent, still
Qal
be silent
be still (opp. to both speech and motion)
be struck dumb, astounded
Niph. be made silent, i.e. destroyed
Po. ‘composed and quieted my soul’
H1826a דָּמַם be or grow dumb, silent, still H1826b דָּמַם wail
1826 damam daw-man'
a prim root (compare 1724, 1820); to be dumb; by implication,
to be astonished, to stop; also to perish:--cease, be cut down
(off), forbear, hold peace, quiet self, rest, be silent, keep
(put to) silence, be (stand) still, tarry, wait.
see HEBREW for 01724
see HEBREW for 01820
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to silence: stationary.
: stationary
1) to be silent, be still, wait, be dumb, grow dumb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be silent
1a2) to be still, die
1a3) to be struck dumb
1b) (Niphal) to be silenced, be made silent, destroyed
1c) (Poal) to make quiet
1d) (Hiphil) to make silent (cause to die)
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to wail.
wail
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to silence: silent.
: silent
1) to be silent, be still, wait, be dumb, grow dumb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be silent
1a2) to be still, die
1a3) to be struck dumb
1b) (Niphal) to be silenced, be made silent, destroyed
1c) (Poal) to make quiet
1d) (Hiphil) to make silent (cause to die)
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to silence: destroyed.
: destroyed
1) to be silent, be still, wait, be dumb, grow dumb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be silent
1a2) to be still, die
1a3) to be struck dumb
1b) (Niphal) to be silenced, be made silent, destroyed
1c) (Poal) to make quiet
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
stil: "To be still" is "to keep silence" (Ps 4:4, etc.) and so "to be quiet" (Ps 107:29, etc.) or "inactive" in any way (Jud 18:9; 1Ki 22:3; Zec 1:11, etc.). So "be still" in Ps 46:10 means "desist from your war" (compare the Revised Version margin "let be"). The "still small voice" of 1Ki 19:12 (the Revised Version margin "sound of gentle stillness") is due to taking the Hebrew demamah in its literal force of "silent," but the word here means "whisper"--"a whispering, little voice." This familiar passage…
קָדַם (qadam) is a verb meaning to meet or come in front of someone or something. It covers actions such as anticipating, leading, and confronting, with nuances in its Piel and Hiphil forms. The entries emphasize its use in contexts of meeting or preceding, but do not provide specific verse references.
[קָדַם] vb. Pi. denom. come or be in front, meet
base
H6923 [קָדַם] vb. Pi. denom. come or be in front, meet
6923 qadam kaw-dam'
a primitive root; to project (one self), i.e. precede; hence,
to anticipate, hasten, meet (usually for help):--come (go,
(flee)) before, + disappoint, meet, prevent.
קָדַם (qa.dam) — to meet.
1) to meet, come or be in front, confront, go before
1a) (Piel)
1a1) to meet, confront, come to meet, receive
1a2) to go before, go in front, be in front
1a3) to lead, be beforehand, anticipate, forestall
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to come in front
1b2) to confront, anticipate
V-Piel-Perf-3cp | Suff — Verb piel perfect third person common plural · suffixHVpp3cp/Sp1bs
יוֹם (yowm) means 'day' and refers to a division of time, contrasting with night. It can denote a literal 24-hour period, a general time span, or even a year. The term is used in various contexts, including the 'day of Yahweh,' which signifies a time of divine judgment. It also appears in phrases indicating temporal references like today, yesterday, and tomorrow.
יוֹם 2285 n.m. day
day, opp. night
Day as division of time
יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
Pl. days of anyone
Days
יוֹם = time
Phrases
base
H3117 יוֹם day . day, opp. night
. Day as division of time
. יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
. Pl. days of anyone
. Days
. יוֹם = time
. Phrases
3117 yowm yome
from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm
hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one
sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by
an associated term), (often used adverb):--age, + always, +
chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to)
day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, +
(for) ever(-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as
(... live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually,
presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space,
then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble,
weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole
(+ age), (full) year(-ly), + younger.
יוֹם (yom) — day.
: day/when/time/period
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: old.
: old/(full/many)[days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: year.
: year[of_days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֳנִי (oniy) refers to affliction, poverty, and misery. It is derived from the root word עָנָה (H6031), which relates to depression or trouble. The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to suffering and hardship.
עֳנִי n.m. affliction, poverty
base
H6040 עֳנִי affliction, poverty
6040 `oniy on-ee'
from 6031; depression, i.e. misery: --afflicted(-ion),
trouble.
see HEBREW for 06031
עֳנִי (o.ni) — affliction.
1) affliction, poverty, misery
1a) affliction
1b) poverty
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
a-flik'-shun: Represents no fewer than 11 Hebrew words in the Old Testament, and 3 Greek words in the New Testament, of which the most common are (oni), (thlipsis). It is used
(1) actively = that which causes or tends to cause bodily pain or mental distress, as "the bread of affliction" (De 16:3; 2Ch 18:26); often in plural, as "Many are the afflictions of the righteous" (Ps 34:19);
(2) passively = the state of being in pain or trouble, as "to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction" (Jas 1:27).
The following are the chief forms of affliction referred to: