Job 10:1 — Word Study
WLCנָֽקְטָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֗י בְּחַ֫יָּ֥י אֶֽעֶזְבָ֣ה עָלַ֣י שִׂיחִ֑י אֲ֝דַבְּרָה֗ בְּמַ֣ר נַפְשִֽׁי׃
BSAI loathenâqaṭ△■ [am weary of, have a strong dislike for] my ownnephesh lifechay [my existence, being alive] I will expressʻâzab [give free course to, let go of] my complaintsîyach [sad thoughts, bitter feelings] and speakdâbar [communicate, utter] in the bitternessmar [pain, discontent] of my soulnephesh [the essence of my being, my inner self]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| נָֽקְטָ֥ה | it loathes | Verb, Niphal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| נַפְשִׁ֗י | self my | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| בְּחַ֫יָּ֥י | life my | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| אֶֽעֶזְבָ֣ה | I will let loose | Verb, Qal, infinitive construct first person common singular |
| עָלַ֣י | on myself | Preposition, suffix |
| שִׂיחִ֑י | complaint my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| אֲ֝דַבְּרָה֗ | I will speak | Verb, Piel, infinitive construct first person common singular |
| בְּמַ֣ר | in [the] bitterness of | Preposition |
| נַפְשִֽׁי׃ | being my | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | “I loathe my own life; I will express my complaint and speak in the bitterness of my soul. |
| KJV | My soul is weary of my life; I will leave my complaint upon myself; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul. |
| ASV | My soul is weary of my life; I will give free course to my complaint; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul. |
| YLT | My soul hath been weary of my life, I leave off my talking to myself, I speak in the bitterness of my soul. |
| WEB | “My soul is weary of my life. I will give free course to my complaint. I will speak in the bitterness of my soul. |
| BBE | My soul is tired of life; I will let my sad thoughts go free in words; my soul will make a bitter outcry. |
Where they part company is in the emotional nuance of נָֽקְטָ֥ה — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is built around one main clause with two additional phrases that elaborate on Job's actions and emotional state.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbקוט
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 9 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 10:1
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Lamentgenerated
Job 10:1 captures Job's despair as he articulates his loathing for life amidst his suffering. This verse is part of a larger discourse where Job questions God about his plight, reflecting a deep existential crisis. Job's feelings are echoed throughout the book as he grapples with the nature of suffering and divine justice, similar to his earlier laments in Job 3:20-23 and Job 6:8-9.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 3:20–23 | Why is light given to the miserable, and life to the bitter of soul, |
| 2 | Job 6:8–9 | If only my request were granted and God would fulfill my hope: |
| 3 | Job 5:15–16 | He saves the needy from the sword in their mouth and from the clutches of the powerful. |
| 4 | Job 9:21 | Though I am blameless, I have no concern for myself; I despise my own life. |
| 5 | Job 14:13 | If only You would hide me in Sheol and conceal me until Your anger has passed! If only You would appoint a time for me and then remember me! |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 17 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נָֽקְטָ֥ה, na.ke.Tahgenerated
The verb נָקְטָ֥ה (na.ke.Tah) is in the Niphal form, indicating a reflexive action of loathing or weariness. It conveys a strong emotional response, suggesting that Job is not just expressing dislike but is overwhelmed by a sense of disgust towards his own life.
This emotional weight is significant in the context of Job's suffering, as it highlights his internal struggle and sense of despair. The lexicons emphasize that this term can express grief or self-loathing, underscoring the depth of Job's anguish.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the rendering of נָֽקְטָ֥ה as 'loathe' or 'dislike' across versions like the BSB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs in this verse are נָֽקְטָ֥ה (loathe), אֶֽעֶזְבָ֣ה (let loose), and אֲ֝דַבְּרָה֗ (will speak), which govern the structure of the sentence. The main clause expresses Job's loathing, while the subsequent clauses detail what he intends to do with his complaint and bitterness.
The structure emphasizes Job's emotional state, with the verbs positioned to highlight his actions of expressing and speaking out against his suffering.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates נָֽקְטָ֥ה as κάμνων, which suggests a sense of weariness or struggle. This choice reflects a nuanced interpretation of Job's emotional state, focusing on his fatigue rather than just loathing.
This rendering indicates a widening of the emotional spectrum, emphasizing Job's weariness in addition to his loathing.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 10:1 shows Job expressing a deep dislike for his life. He feels overwhelmed and wants to voice his complaints about his suffering. This verse illustrates Job's emotional turmoil as he grapples with his existence and seeks understanding from God.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job is expressing a profound sense of despair and disgust with his existence, feeling overwhelmed by his suffering.
Job seeks to articulate his feelings of bitterness and confusion regarding his suffering, hoping for some understanding from God.
Job's complaint reveals his deep anguish and sense of isolation, as he struggles to come to terms with his suffering and the perceived silence of God.
Job's candid expression of his feelings teaches us the importance of voicing our struggles and seeking understanding in times of distress.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do I respond to feelings of despair or bitterness in my own life?
- In what ways can I express my feelings honestly, as Job does?
- How can I seek understanding in my struggles, similar to Job's search for answers?
- What does this passage teach me about the nature of suffering and the importance of communication?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators like John Chrysostom and Gregory the Dialogist reflect on Job's expression of bitterness, interpreting it as a profound moment of self-reflection and struggle.
But he also said above, “God would not hearken to him, so that he should answer to one of his charges or of a thousand.” How can Job speak so here? “In the bitterness of my soul,” he says.Early Church Fathers on Job 10 →
My soul is weary of my life. Now whensoever the present life has once begun to grow tasteless, and the love of the Creator to become sweet, the soul inflames itself against self, that it may accuse self for the sins,Early Church Fathers on Job 10 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 10:1 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleMy soul is weary of my life,.... And yet nothing of a temporal blessing is more desirable than life; every man, generally speaking, is desirous of life, and of a long life too; soul and body are near
Read John Gill on Job 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMy soul is weary of my life; I will leave my complaint upon myself; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleJOB CHAPTER 10 His life a burden; his complaint that he could not see the cause or end of God’ s punishment: God delighteth not to oppress; nor was his innocence, though suspected by men, hid from God, Job 10 1-7. He argueth that, being God’ s work, in his hands, receiving all from him, God would not destroy him, . His sins expose him to God’ s wrath, which was terrible upon him, ; curseth his birth: death desirable to him, . So the sense is, My soul is weary of dwelling in this rotten and miserable carcass. Or, I am from my heart, or with my very soul, weary of my life; and therefore I may be excused if I complain. Or, My soul is cut off while I live, i.e. I am dead whilst I live; I am in…
Read Matthew Poole on Job 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 10:1 My soul is weary of my life; I will leave my complaint upon myself; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.Ver. 1. My soul is weary of my life] Because it is a lifeless life. Mortis habet vires, a death more like. Life is sweet, and every creature maketh much of it, from the highest angel in heaven to the lowest worm on earth. The Scripture setteth it forth as a sweet mercy, Genesis 45:28 Lamentations 3:39 Esther 7:3 Jeremiah 39:18; Jeremiah 51:5. But God can so embitter it with outward and inward troubles, that it shall become a burden. "I am weary of my life" (saith good Rebekah, Genesis 27:46), and "What good shall my life do me?" David, forced to be in bad company, cries, Oh…
Read John Trapp on Job 10 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(1) I will leave.—Or, according to some, I will give free vent to the complaint that is upon me. (Comp. Job 9:27 of the last chapter)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 10 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleCHAPTER X Job is weary of life, and expostulates with God, 1-6. He appeals to God for his innocence; and pleads on the weakness of his frame, and the manner of his formation, 7-13. Complains of his sufferings, and prays for respite, 14-20. Describes the state of the dead, 21, 22. NOTES ON CHAP. X Verse 1. My soul is weary of my life] Here is a proof that נפש nephesh does not signify the animal life, but the soul or immortal mind, as distinguished from חי chai, that animal life; and is a strong proof that Job believed in the distinction between these two principles; was no materialist; but, on the contrary, credited the proper immortality of the soul. This is worthy of observation. See Job…
Read AdamClarke on Job 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges1. leave my complaint upon myself] Rather, give free course to my complaint, cf. ch. Job 7:11 seq.
Read Cambridge on Job 10 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleMy soul is weary of my life - compare the note at Job 7:16. The margin here is, Or,” cut off while I live.” The meaning in the margin is in accordance with the interpretation of Schultens.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
“I loathe my own life; I will express my complaint and speak in the bitterness of my soul.
“My soul is weary of my life. I will give free course to my complaint. I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
“I loathe my own life; I will express my complaint and speak in the bitterness of my soul.
“I am weary of my life; I will complain without restraint; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
Tyndale line
My soul is weary of my life; I will leave my complaint upon myself; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
My soul is weary of my life; I will give free course to my complaint; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
My soul is weary of my life; I will give free course to my complaint; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
My soul is weary of my life; I will leave my complaint upon myself; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
My soule is cut off though I liue: I wil leaue my complaint vpon my selfe, and wil speake in the bitternesse of my soule.
Strictly literal
My soul is weary of my life: I will give free course to my complaint; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
My soul hath been weary of my life, I leave off my talking to myself, I speak in the bitterness of my soul.
“My soul has been weary of my life, I leave off my talking to myself, I speak in the bitterness of my soul.
My soul is disgusted with my life; I will give free vent to my complaint over myself; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
I am weary of my life; I will give free expression to my complaint; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
From the Latin
My soul is weary of my life, I will let go my speech against myself, I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.
Simplified
I hate my life! Let me speak freely about my complaints—I can't keep my bitterness to myself.
My soul is tired of life; I will let my sad thoughts go free in words; my soul will make a bitter outcry.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with eight of the nine words matched. The differences in word order and articles in the Septuagint reflect its own syntactical choices rather than substantive variations in meaning.
נָֽקְטָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֗י בְּחַ֫יָּ֥י אֶֽעֶזְבָ֣ה עָלַ֣י שִׂיחִ֑י אֲ֝דַבְּרָה֗ בְּמַ֣ר נַפְשִֽׁי׃
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 10:1
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
נָקַט (naqat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to feel loathing or weariness. It can express a sense of grief or self-loathing, particularly in the Niphal form, which indicates a reflexive action. The entries highlight its emotional weight, with examples suggesting a deep discomfort or aversion.
[קוּט] vb. feel a loathing
Qal I felt a loathing at the generation.
Niph. ye shall feel loathing against your faces (at yourselves)
Hithpō‛l. id.
base
H5354 קוּט feel a loathing
5354 naqat naw-kat'
a primitive root; to loathe:--weary.
נָקַט (na.qat) — to tire.
1) to loathe, be grieved, feel a loathing
1a) (Niphal) to feel loathing against self
V-Niphal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person feminine singularHVNp3fs
The Hebrew word נֶ֫פֶשׁ (*nephesh*) broadly means 'soul' or 'living being,' encompassing concepts like life, self, person, desire, and emotion. It is derived from the root meaning 'to breathe' and signifies both physical and mental aspects of existence. The lexicons note its use in various contexts, including as the seat of appetites and emotions, though its application to will and character is uncertain.
נֶ֫פֶשׁ 756 n.f. soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion
= that which breathes, the breathing substance or being
The נפשׁ becomes a living being
The נפשׁ is specif.
The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself
נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)
נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions
נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts
נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.
נפשׁ = character is still more dub.
נ׳ in D
base
H5315 נֶ֫פֶשׁ soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion . = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being
. The נפשׁ becomes a living being
. The נפשׁ is specif.
. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself
. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)
. נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions
. נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts
. נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.
. נפשׁ = character is still more dub.
. נ׳ in D
5315 nephesh neh'-fesh
from 5314; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of
(abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal,
accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental):--any,
appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire,
X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y),
(hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me,
mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-,
thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they,
thing, (X she) will, X would have it.
see HEBREW for 05314
נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul.
1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion
1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man
1b) living being
1c) living being (with life in the blood)
1d) the man himself, self, person or individual
1e) seat of the appetites
1f) seat of emotions and passions
1g) activity of mind
1g1) uncertain
1h) activity of the will
1h1) uncertain
1i) activity of the character
1i1) uncertain
נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul: life.
1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion
1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man
1b) living being
1c) living being (with life in the blood)
1d) the man himself, self, person or individual
1e) seat of the appetites
1f) seat of emotions and passions
1g) activity of mind
N-cs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp1bs
The Hebrew word חַי (*chay*) means 'alive' or 'living' and covers a range of meanings related to life, including living beings, vitality, and freshness. It can refer to God, animals, vegetation, and even concepts like appetite and community. Variants include חַיָּה (*chayyah*), meaning 'living thing' or 'animal,' and חַיִּים (*chayim*), which emphasizes life and sustenance.
חַי adj. alive, living
of God, as the living one, the fountain of life
of man
of animals, alive, living
animals and man
(dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green
of water, fresh
(dub.) lively, active
reviving
base
[חַי] n.[m.] kinsfolk, pl. sf. 1 S 18:18
ref
חַיָּה n.f. living thing, animal
animal
in general
wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity
living beings, of the cherubic chariot
life, only in late poetry
appetite, activity of hunger
revival, renewal
base
חַיָּה n.f. community
base
חַיִּים n.m. pl. abstr. emph. life
life: physical
life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence
sustenance, maintenance
base
H2416a חַי alive, living . . of God, as the living one, the fountain of life
. of man
. of animals, alive, living
. animals and man
. (dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green
. of water, fresh
. (dub.) lively, active
. reviving
H2416b חַי kinsfolk H2416c חַיָּה living thing, animal . animal . in general
. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity
. living beings, of the cherubic chariot
. life, only in late poetry
. appetite, activity of hunger
. revival, renewal
H2416d חַיָּה community H2416e חַיִּים pl. abstr. emph. life . life: physical
. life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence
. sustenance, maintenance
2416 chay khah'-ee
from 2421; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water,
year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine
singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether
literally or figuratively:--+ age, alive, appetite, (wild)
beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living
(creature, thing), maintenance, + merry, multitude, + (be)
old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.
see HEBREW for 02421
חַי (chay) — alive.
adj
1) living, alive
1a) green (of vegetation)
1b) flowing, fresh (of water)
1c) lively, active (of man)
1d) reviving (of the springtime)
Aramaic equivalent: chay (חַי "living" H2417)
חַי (chay) — kinsfolk.
kinsfolk
חַיָּה (chay.yah) — living thing.
1) living thing, animal
1a) animal
1b) life
1c) appetite
1d) revival, renewal
Aramaic equivalent: che.va (חֵיוָא "beast" H2423)
חַיָּה (chay.yah) — community.
community
חַיִּים (chay.yim) — life.
1) life (abstract emphatic)
1a) life
1b) sustenance, maintenance
Prep | N-mp | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncmpc/Sp1bs
עָזַב (azab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to leave, forsake, or let loose. It encompasses a range of actions from abandoning or neglecting to setting free. The entries suggest it can also imply restoration or repair, though this aspect is less emphasized. Notably, the term can describe both active and passive states, such as being forsaken or deserted.
עָזַב 213 vb. leave, forsake, loose
Qal
leave, c. acc.
leave, abandon, forsake
let loose, set free, let go
Niph.
be left to
be forsaken, of house of God
H5800a עָזַב leave, forsake, loose .. leave, c. acc.
. leave, abandon, forsake
. let loose, set free, let go
. . be left to
. be forsaken, of house of God
. (or Qal pass.) be deserted, of city
H5800b עָזַב restore, repair(?)
5800 `azab aw-zab'
a primitive root; to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit,
etc.:--commit self, fail, forsake, fortify, help, leave
(destitute, off), refuse, X surely.
עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: forsake.
1) to leave, loose, forsake
1a) (Qal) to leave
1a1) to depart from, leave behind, leave, let alone
1a2) to leave, abandon, forsake, neglect, apostatise
1a3) to let loose, set free, let go, free
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be left to
1b2) to be forsaken
1c) (Pual) to be deserted
עָזַב (a.zav) — to restore.
1) to restore, repair
1a) (Qal) to repair
עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: release.
1) to leave, loose, forsake
1a) (Qal) to leave
1a1) to depart from, leave behind, leave, let alone
1a2) to leave, abandon, forsake, neglect, apostatise
1a3) to let loose, set free, let go, free
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be left to
1b2) to be forsaken
1c) (Pual) to be deserted
עָזַב (a.zav) — Forsaken.
This name means to restore, repair
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: neglect.
V-Qal-1cs — Verb · Qal · infinitive construct first person common singularHVqc1cs
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
שִׂיחַ (siyach) refers to a form of contemplation or utterance, encompassing meanings such as communication, complaint, meditation, and talk. It is derived from a related root and is associated with expressions of musing or anxiety. The entries suggest a focus on the emotional aspects of communication, particularly in the context of complaints or meditative thoughts.
שִׂיחַ n.m. complaint, musing
base
H7879 שִׂיחַ
7879 siyach see'-akh
from 7878; a contemplation; by implication, an
utterance:--babbling, communication, complaint, meditation,
prayer, talk.
see HEBREW for 07878
שִׂיחַ (si.ach) — complaint.
1) meditation, complaint, musing
1a) plaint, complaint
1b) following are uncertain
1b1) musing
1b2) anxiety, trouble
1b3) talk
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
דָבַר (dabar) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning 'to speak.' It encompasses a range of actions including declaring, commanding, and conversing. The root suggests a figurative use of words, with some entries noting a rare destructive sense of subduing. Various forms of the verb indicate different nuances, such as speaking with one another or making promises.
[דָבַר] 1142 vb. speak (original mng. dub.)
Qal speak
Niph. reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk
Pi. speak
Pu. in the day when she may be spoken for
Hithp. speaking this word
Hiph. either leads subject, or puts to flight, fig. for subdues
base
H1696 דָבַר speak (original mng. dub.)
1696 dabar daw-bar'
a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used
figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive
sense) to subdue:--answer, appoint, bid, command, commune,
declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse,
say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think,
use (entreaties), utter, X well, X work.
דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: speak.
: speak/tell/command
1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing
1a) (Qal) to speak
1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to speak
1c2) to promise
1d) (Pual) to be spoken
1e) (Hithpael) to speak
1f) (Hiphil) to lead away, put to flight
דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: subdue.
: subdue
1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing
1a) (Qal) to speak
1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to speak
1c2) to promise
1d) (Pual) to be spoken
1e) (Hithpael) to speak
1f) (Hiphil) to lead away, put to flight
דָבַר (da.var) — to speak: promise.
: promise/declare
1) to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing
1a) (Qal) to speak
1b) (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to speak
1c2) to promise
1d) (Pual) to be spoken
1e) (Hithpael) to speak
V-Piel-1cs — Verb · Piel · infinitive construct first person common singularHVpc1cs
מַר (mar) means 'bitter' or 'bitterness' in Hebrew. It can describe the taste of food or water, as well as figurative uses related to pain or discontent. The word can function as both an adjective and a noun, and it can also be used adverbially to mean 'bitterly.'
מַר adj. and subst. bitter, bitterness
base
H4751 מַר bitter, bitterness
4751 mar mar
or (feminine) marah {maw-raw'}; from 4843; bitter (literally
or figuratively); also (as noun) bitterness, or (adverbially)
bitterly:--+ angry, bitter(-ly, -ness), chafed, discontented,
X great, heavy.
see HEBREW for 04843
מַר (mar) — bitter.
adj
1) bitter, bitterness
1a) of water or food
1b) of harlot's end, end of wickedness, cry (fig.)
1c) of pain (subst)
adv
2) bitterly
Prep | Adj — PrepositionHR/Aamsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word נֶ֫פֶשׁ (*nephesh*) broadly means 'soul' or 'living being,' encompassing concepts like life, self, person, desire, and emotion. It is derived from the root meaning 'to breathe' and signifies both physical and mental aspects of existence. The lexicons note its use in various contexts, including as the seat of appetites and emotions, though its application to will and character is uncertain.
נֶ֫פֶשׁ 756 n.f. soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion
= that which breathes, the breathing substance or being
The נפשׁ becomes a living being
The נפשׁ is specif.
The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself
נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)
נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions
נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts
נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.
נפשׁ = character is still more dub.
נ׳ in D
base
H5315 נֶ֫פֶשׁ soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion . = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being
. The נפשׁ becomes a living being
. The נפשׁ is specif.
. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself
. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)
. נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions
. נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts
. נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.
. נפשׁ = character is still more dub.
. נ׳ in D
5315 nephesh neh'-fesh
from 5314; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of
(abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal,
accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental):--any,
appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire,
X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y),
(hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me,
mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-,
thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they,
thing, (X she) will, X would have it.
see HEBREW for 05314
נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul.
1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion
1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man
1b) living being
1c) living being (with life in the blood)
1d) the man himself, self, person or individual
1e) seat of the appetites
1f) seat of emotions and passions
1g) activity of mind
1g1) uncertain
1h) activity of the will
1h1) uncertain
1i) activity of the character
1i1) uncertain
נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul: life.
1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion
1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man
1b) living being
1c) living being (with life in the blood)
1d) the man himself, self, person or individual
1e) seat of the appetites
1f) seat of emotions and passions
1g) activity of mind
N-cs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp1bs