Isaiah 47:2 — Word Study
WLCקְחִ֥י רֵחַ֖יִם וְטַ֣חֲנִי קָ֑מַח גַּלִּ֨י צַמָּתֵ֧ךְ חֶשְׂפִּי־ שֹׁ֛בֶל גַּלִּי־ שׁ֖וֹק עִבְרִ֥י נְהָרֽוֹת׃
BSATakelâqach [grasp, seize] millstonesrêcheh [heavy stones for grinding] and grindṭâchan [crush, pulverize] flourqemach [fine powder] removegâlâh [lift, uncover] your veiltsammâh [head covering] strip offchâsaph [bare, expose] your skirtshôbel△ [long, flowing robe] baregâlâh [uncover, reveal] your thighshôwq [leg] [and] wade throughʻâbar [pass over, cross] the streamsnâhâr [rivers]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| קְחִ֥י | take | Verb, Qal, imperative second person feminine singular |
| רֵחַ֖יִם | a hand-mill | Noun common, masculine dual absolute |
| וְטַ֣חֲנִי | and grind | Conjunction, verb qal imperative second person feminine singular |
| קָ֑מַח | flour | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| גַּלִּ֨י | uncover | Verb, Piel, imperative second person feminine singular |
| צַמָּתֵ֧ךְ | veil your | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| חֶשְׂפִּי־ | strip off | Verb, Qal, imperative second person feminine singular |
| שֹׁ֛בֶל | a skirt | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| גַּלִּי־ | uncover | Verb, Piel, imperative second person feminine singular |
| שׁ֖וֹק | a leg | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| עִבְרִ֥י | pass through | Verb, Qal, imperative second person feminine singular |
| נְהָרֽוֹת׃ | rivers | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Take millstones and grind flour; remove your veil; strip off your skirt, bare your thigh, and wade through the streams. |
| KJV | Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers. |
| ASV | Take the millstones, and grind meal; remove thy veil, strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers. |
| YLT | Take millstones, and grind flour, Remove thy veil, draw up the skirt, Uncover the leg, pass over the floods. |
| WEB | Take the millstones and grind flour. Remove your veil, lift up your skirt, uncover your legs, and wade through the rivers. |
| BBE | Take the crushing-stones and get the meal crushed: take off your veil, put away your robe, let your legs be uncovered, go through the rivers. |
Translations agree on the imperative commands found in this verse.
The verse consists of a series of imperative commands, creating a strong and urgent tone throughout.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbלָקַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 12 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 47:2
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Judgment on Babylongenerated
Isaiah 47:2 portrays the downfall of Babylon, urging its inhabitants to abandon their former pride and face the consequences of their actions. The commands reflect a dramatic shift from a position of power to one of vulnerability, illustrating the theme of divine retribution. This passage echoes the larger narrative of judgment found throughout the book of Isaiah, where nations are called to account for their behavior.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 11:5 | and every firstborn son in the land of Egypt will die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, to the firstborn of the servant girl behind the hand mill, as well as the firstborn of all the cattle. |
| 2 | Judges 16:21 | Then the Philistines seized him, gouged out his eyes, and brought him down to Gaza, where he was bound with bronze shackles and forced to grind grain in the prison. |
| 3 | Job 31:10 | then may my own wife grind grain for another, and may other men sleep with her. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 27:7 | All nations will serve him and his son and grandson, until the time of his own land comes; then many nations and great kings will enslave him. |
| 5 | Lamentations 5:13 | Young men toil at millstones; boys stagger under loads of wood. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — קְחִ֥י, ke.Chigenerated
The verb לָקַח (*laqach*) means 'to take' and encompasses a range of actions such as receiving, seizing, or capturing. In this imperative form, it commands the Virgin Daughter of Babylon to take millstones, implying an urgent action in the context of her impending humiliation.
The parsing as a Qal imperative indicates a direct command to a second person feminine singular, emphasizing the personal nature of the instruction. This word's frequent use throughout the Hebrew Bible demonstrates its versatility in various contexts, from taking possession to receiving gifts.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
Translations of this verse generally agree, reflecting the same imperative commands.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse is built around a series of imperative verbs, with קְחִ֥י (take) as the first command, followed by a sequence of actions that the subject is instructed to perform. This creates a rhythmic flow of commands that emphasizes urgency.
Each verb governs its respective object, leading to a clear and direct series of actions: take millstones, grind flour, uncover your veil, strip off your skirt, and wade through the rivers. The use of imperative verbs underscores the authoritative tone of the message.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates קְחִ֥י as λαβὲ, which carries a similar imperative meaning of 'take'. This choice reflects a direct translation approach, maintaining the urgency of the command.
μύλον is used for רֵחַ֖יִם, indicating a focus on the grinding aspect of the millstone, which aligns with the original Hebrew meaning while providing a Greek audience with a familiar term.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 47:2 instructs the Virgin Daughter of Babylon to take millstones and grind flour, to remove her veil, and to strip off her skirt as she wades through the rivers. This reflects a transition from dignity to disgrace, as Babylon faces judgment.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Grinding flour symbolizes a return to basic survival and labor, highlighting the fall from a position of luxury and power to one of servitude.
These actions represent vulnerability and humiliation, as Babylon is stripped of its former glory and power.
Wading through rivers may symbolize crossing over into a new reality, one that is marked by shame and loss rather than power.
This verse exemplifies the theme of divine judgment against nations that have acted arrogantly, illustrating the consequences of their actions.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see pride leading to downfall in my own life or in society?
- How can I embrace humility in my daily actions and decisions?
- What does it mean to me to be stripped of my comforts and face reality?
- How can I support others who are experiencing a fall from grace or facing judgment?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators like Jerome and Ishodad of Merv reflect on the implications of this verse, discussing themes of shame and the loss of sovereignty.
As Fabiola was not ashamed of the Lord on earth, so he shall not be ashamed of her in heaven. She laid bare her wound to the gaze of all, and Rome beheld with tears the disfiguring scar that marred her beauty.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 47 →
“Take the millstone,” that is: After being deprived of the glory of your sovereignty, you will adopt the apparel of slaves.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 47 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 47:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleTake the millstones, and grind meal,.... Foretelling that the Chaldeans should be taken captives, and used as such, and sent to prison houses, where they should turn the mill, and grind corn into
Read John Gill on Isaiah 47 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryTake the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 47 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleTake the millstones; betake thyself to the millstones; as we commonly say, Take thy bed, or, Betake thyself to thy bed. The meaning is, Thou shalt be brought down to the basest kind of slavery, which grinding at the mill was esteemed; of which see on . For this work was not performed by horses, as now it is, but by the labour of slaves and captives. Grind meal; grind bread corn into meal for thy master’ s use. Such metonymical expressions we find , and elsewhere. Uncover thy locks; or, thine hair. Take off the ornaments wherewith such women as were free and of good quality used to cover and dress their heads. This and the following passages, though delivered in the form of a command, are…
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 47 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 47:2 Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers.Ver. 2. Take the millstone.] As the most abject slaves used to do, qui in pistrinum trudebantur. Neither is this an end of thy sorrows; for out of the mill house thou must be carried captive into a far country, and therefore, in order thereunto, Uncover thy locks.] Cast away thy diadem. Make bare thy leg.] Denuda turpitudinem, the Vulgate rendereth it; that thou mayest pass through the waters naked and squalid into captivity.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 47 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(2) Take the millstones.—Always the most servile form of female labour (Exodus 11:5; Job 31:10; Matthew 24:41). Uncover thy locks.—The picture of suffering is heightened by the fact that the female slave has to wade unveiled, and bare-legged, all sense of shame outraged, to the scene of her labours. The picture is, of course, to be taken symbolically, not literally.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 47 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 2. Take the millstones, and grind meal - "Take the mill, and grind corn"] It was the work of slaves to grind the corn. They used hand-mills: water-mills were not invented till a little before the time of Augustus, (see the Greek epigram of Antipater, which seems to celebrate it as a new invention, Anthol. Cephalae, 653;) wind-mills, not until long after. It was not only the work of slaves, but the hardest work; and often inflicted upon them as a severe punishment: - Molendum in pistrino; vapulandum; habendae compedes. TERENT. Phorm. ii. 1. 19. Hominem pistrino dignum. Id. Heaut. iii. 2. 19. To grind in the mill, to be scourged, to be put in the stocks, were punishments for slaves.…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 47 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges2. Take the millstones &c.] The luxurious lady must betake herself to the occupation of the meanest female slaves in the household: Exodus 11:5; Job 31:10. uncover thy locks] Rather: take off thy veil (Son 4:1; Son 4:3; Son 6:7). make bare the leg] remove the skirt. The last word does not occur elsewhere. pass over the rivers] Render: pass through streams, omitting the article. The words are commonly taken to describe the hardships of a journey into exile, but they may simply refer to the degradations which she would have to undergo in performing the drudgery of a common slave (so Dillmann).
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 47 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleTake the millstones, and grind meal - The design of this is plain.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 47 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Take millstones and grind flour; remove your veil; strip off your skirt, bare your thigh, and wade through the streams.
Take the millstones and grind flour. Remove your veil, lift up your skirt, uncover your legs, and wade through the rivers.
Take millstones and grind flour; remove your veil; strip off your skirt, bare your thigh, and wade through the streams.
Pick up millstones and grind flour! Remove your veil, strip off your skirt, expose your legs, cross the streams!
Tyndale line
Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers.
Take the millstones, and grind meal; remove thy veil, strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers.
Take the millstones, and grind meal: remove thy veil, strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers.
Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers.
Take the mill stones, and grinde meale: loose thy lockes: make bare the feete: vncouer the legge, and passe through the floods.
Strictly literal
Take the millstones, and grind meal; remove thy veil, lift up the train, uncover the leg, pass over rivers:
Take millstones, and grind flour, Remove thy veil, draw up the skirt, Uncover the leg, pass over the floods.
Take millstones, and grind flour, || Remove your veil, draw up the skirt, || Uncover the leg, pass over the floods.
Take the mill, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, lift up the train, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers.
Take the millstone and grind flour; remove your veil, strip off your flowing robe, uncover your legs, cross the streams.
From the Latin
Take a millstone and grind meal: uncover thy shame, strip thy shoulder, make bare thy legs, pass over the rivers.
Simplified
Go to work grinding flour with millstones. Remove your veil. Strip off your skirt, bare your legs, wade through rivers.
Take the crushing-stones and get the meal crushed: take off your veil, put away your robe, let your legs be uncovered, go through the rivers.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls, which largely agree with the Hebrew wording. The scrolls show some variations, with certain words either restored or supplied by editors, but the core message remains consistent across these ancient witnesses.
קְחִ֥י רֵחַ֖יִם וְטַ֣חֲנִי קָ֑מַח גַּלִּ֨י צַמָּתֵ֧ךְ חֶשְׂפִּי־ שֹׁ֛בֶל גַּלִּי־ שׁ֖וֹק עִבְרִ֥י נְהָרֽוֹת׃
10 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
קחי רחים וטחני קמח גלי צמת׳ך חשופי שולי׳ך גלי שוק עבורי נהרות
12 words on the leather.
קחי רחים וטחני [קמח] [גלי] [צמת׳ך] [חשפי] שבל גלי שוק עברי נהרות
7 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 4 supplied entire by an editor.
[קחי] [רחים] [וטחני] קמח גלי צמת׳ך חשבי שבל גלי [שוק] [עברי] [נהרות]
5 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 47:2
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word לָקַח (*laqach*) means 'to take' and encompasses a wide range of actions, including to receive, seize, capture, and carry away. It can refer to taking something in hand, taking a wife, or even taking vengeance. The verb has various forms indicating different nuances, such as being taken away or captured.
לָקַח 965 vb. take
Qal
take, take in hand
take and carry along with oneself
take from, or out of
take, carry away
take away from, so as to deprive of
esp. take away life
take to or for a person
take up, upon = put upon
= fetch
take = lead, conduct (with or without contact)
take = capture, seize
take = carry off
in phr. take vengeance
Niph.
be captured, of ark
be taken away, removed
be taken, brought unto
Pu.
be taken from, out of
= be stolen from
be taken captive
be taken away, removed
Hoph.
be taken, brought unto
be taken out of
be taken away from
Hithp. lit. fire taking hold of itself, of lightning
base
H3947 לָקַח take .. take, take in hand
. take and carry along with oneself
. . take from, or out of
. take, carry away
. take away from, so as to deprive of
. esp. take away life
. take to or for a person
. take up, upon = put upon
. = fetch
. take = lead, conduct (with or without contact)
. take = capture, seize
. take = carry off
. in phr. take vengeance
. . be captured, of ark
. be taken away, removed
. be taken, brought unto
. . be taken from, out of
. = be stolen from
. be taken captive
. be taken away, removed
. . be taken, brought unto
. be taken out of
. be taken away from
. lit. fire taking hold of itself, of lightning
3947 laqach law-kakh'
a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of
applications):--accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch,
get, infold, X many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve,
seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.
לָקַח (la.qach) — to take: take.
: take
1) to take, get, fetch, lay hold of, seize, receive, acquire, buy, bring, marry, take a wife, snatch, take away
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to take, take in the hand
1a2) to take and carry along
1a3) to take from, take out of, take, carry away, take away
1a4) to take to or for a person, procure, get, take possession of, select, choose, take in marriage, receive, accept
1a5) to take up or upon, put upon
1a6) to fetch
1a7) to take, lead, conduct
1a8) to take, capture, seize
1a9) to take, carry off 1a10) to take (vengeance)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be captured
1b2) to be taken away, be removed
1b3) to be taken, brought unto
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to be taken from or out of
1c2) to be stolen from
1c3) to be taken captive
1c4) to be taken away, be removed
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be taken unto, be brought unto
1d2) to be taken out of
1d3) to be taken away
1e) (Hithpael)
1e1) to take hold of oneself
V-Qal-Impv-2fs — Verb · Qal · imperative second person feminine singularHVqv2fs
tak: Most of the very numerous examples of this word are still in good use and only a few call for special attention. "To take" in the sense of "capture" is still common, but when a person or living animal is in point, modern English usually adds "prisoner" or "captive." English Versions of the Bible not infrequently has this addition (Ge 14:14, etc.), but more commonly "take" is used without it (Jos 10:39; Job 5:13; Sirach 23:21; Joh 7:30, etc.). An occasional obscurity is thus caused, as in Ge 27:3, "take me venison" for "hunt venison for me." "To take advice" (2Ch…
רֵחֶה (recheh) refers to a hand mill, specifically a pair of millstones used for grinding. The term is derived from a root meaning to pulverize. All entries consistently define it as relating to millstones, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[רֵחֶה] n.[m.] only du. (hand-)mill (prob. = two mill-stones)
base
H7347 רֵחֶה only du. (hand-)mill (prob. = two mill-stones)
7347 recheh ray-kheh'
from an unused root meaning to pulverize; a
mill-stone:--mill (stone).
רֵחֶה (re.cheh) — millstone.
1) handmills
1a) a pair of millstones for grinding
N-md — Noun common · masculine dual absoluteHNcmda
Mill
For grinding corn, mentioned as used in the time of Abraham (Gen. 18:6). That used by the Hebrews consisted of two circular stones, each 2 feet in diameter and half a foot thick, the lower of which was called the “nether millstone” (Job 41:24) and the upper the “rider.” The upper stone was turned round by a stick fixed in it as a handle. There were then no public mills, and thus each family required to be provided with a hand-mill. The corn was ground daily, generally by the women of the house (Isa. 47:1, 2; Matt. 24:41). It was with the upper stone of a hand-mill that “a certain woman” at Thebez broke Abimelech’s skull (
The mills of the ancient Hebrews probably differed but little from those at present in use in the East. These consist of two circular stones, each about eighteen inches or two feet in diameter, the lower of which is fixed, and has its upper surface slightly convex, fitting into a corresponding concavity in the upper stone. In the latter is a hole thorough which the grain passes, immediately above a pivot or shaft which rises from the centre of the lower stone, and about which the upper stone is turned by means of an upright handle fixed near the edge. It is worked by women, sometimes singly and sometimes two together, who are usually seated on the bare ground. (Isaiah 47:1,2) "facing each other; both have hold of the handle by which the upper is turned round on the ’nether’ millstone. The one whose right hand is disengaged throws in the grain as occasion requires through the hole in the…
See CORN.
טָחַן (tachan) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to grind' or 'to crush.' It is noted as a primitive root, and one entry suggests a secondary meaning related to being a concubine, linked to the act of grinding meal. The word appears in the Qal stem, indicating its basic action.
[טָחַן] vb. grind
base
H2912 [טָחַן] grind
2912 tachan taw-khan'
a primitive root; to grind meal; hence, to be a concubine
(that being their employment):--grind(-er).
טָחַן (ta.chan) — to grind.
(Qal) to grind, crush
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2fs — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person feminine singularHC/Vqv2fs
Grind
(Ex. 32:20; Deut. 9:21; Judg. 16:21), to crush small (Heb. tahan); to oppress the poor (Isa. 3:5). The hand-mill was early used by the Hebrews (Num. 11:8). It consisted of two stones, the upper (Deut. 24:6; 2 Sam. 11:21) being movable and slightly concave, the lower being stationary. The grinders mentioned Eccl. 12:3 are the teeth. (See MILL.)
See CORN.
קֶ֫מַח (qemach) refers to flour or meal, derived from a likely unused root meaning to grind. The entries consistently define it as flour or meal, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
קֶ֫מַח n.[m.] flour, meal
base
H7058 קֶ֫מַח flour, meal
7058 qemach keh'-makh
from an unused root probably meaning to grind;
flour:--flour, meal.
קֶ֫מַח (qe.mach) — flour.
flour, meal, meal flour
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
flour.
See BREAD; FOOD.
Flour
Grain reduced to the form of meal is spoken of in the time of Abraham (Gen. 18:6). As baking was a daily necessity, grain was also ground daily at the mills (Jer. 25:10). The flour mingled with water was kneaded in kneading-troughs, and sometimes leaven (Ex. 12:34) was added and sometimes omitted (Gen. 19:3). The dough was then formed into thin cakes nine or ten inches in diameter and baked in the oven.
Fine flour was offered by the poor as a sin-offering (Lev. 5:11-13), and also in connection with other sacrifices (Num. 15:3-12; 28:7-29).
[BREAD]
→ See BARLEY
→ See BREAD
→ See OFFERING
→ See WHEAT
The Hebrew word גָּלָה (galah) is a primitive root meaning to uncover or remove, with implications of revealing, disclosing, or going into exile. It encompasses various forms, including reflexive and passive uses, and can refer to both physical uncovering and metaphorical revelation. The word is notably associated with disgraceful exposure and the act of exile.
גָּלָה 189 vb. uncover, remove
Qal
uncover the ear of one, i.e. reveal to him
intr. remove, depart
go into exile
Niph.
refl.
uncover oneself (one’s nakedness)
discover or shew oneself
pass.
be uncovered (one’s nakedness)
be disclosed, discovered
be removed
Pi.
uncover
disclose, discover, lay bare
make known, shew, reveal
Pu. be uncovered
Hiph. carry away into exile, take into exile
Hoph. carried into exile
Hithp.
was uncovered (naked)
that his heart may reveal itself
base
H1540 גָּלָה uncover, remove .. uncover the ear of one, i.e. reveal to him
. intr. remove, depart
. go into exile
. . refl. . uncover oneself (one’s nakedness)
. discover or shew oneself
. pass. . be uncovered (one’s nakedness)
. be disclosed, discovered
. be removed
. . uncover
. disclose, discover, lay bare
. make known, shew, reveal
. be uncovered
. carry away into exile, take into exile
. carried into exile
. . was uncovered (naked)
. that his heart may reveal itself
1540 galah gaw-law'
a primitive root; to denude (especially in a disgraceful
sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually
stripped); figuratively, to reveal:--+ advertise, appear,
bewray, bring, (carry, lead, go) captive (into captivity),
depart, disclose, discover, exile, be gone, open, X plainly,
publish, remove, reveal, X shamelessly, shew, X surely, tell,
uncover.
הֶגְלָם (ga.lah) — Heglam.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.8.7;
son of: Ehud (H0164);
brother of: Naaman (H5283J), Ahijah (H0281K), Uzza (H5798H) and Ahihud (H0284); also called Heglam (KJV: "removed"; NIV: "deported") at 1Ch.8.7;
Another name of ge.ra (גֵּרָא "Gera" H1617J)
to reveal oneself
גָּלָה (ga.lah) — to reveal: reveal.
: reveal[information]
1) to uncover, remove
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to uncover
1a2) to remove, depart
1a3) to go into exile
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) (reflexive)
1b1a) to uncover oneself
1b1b) to discover or show oneself
1b1c) to reveal himself (of God)
1b2) (passive)
1b2a) to be uncovered
1b2b) to be disclosed, be discovered
1b2c) to be revealed
1b3) to be removed
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to uncover (nakedness)
1c1a) nakedness
1c1b) general
1c2) to disclose, discover, lay bare
1c3) to make known, show, reveal
1d) (Pual) to be uncovered
V-Piel-Impv-2fs — Verb · Piel · imperative second person feminine singularHVpv2fs
The Hebrew word צַמָּה (tsammah) refers specifically to a woman's veil. It is derived from an unused root meaning to fasten on, suggesting a connection to the act of securing or covering. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as a veil.
צַמָּה n.f. woman’s veil
base
H6777 צַמָּה woman’s veil
6777 tsammah tsam-maw'
from an unused root meaning to fasten on; a veil:--locks.
צַמָּה (tsam.mah) — veil.
veil, woman's veil
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp2fs
חָשַׂף (chasaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to strip off or make bare. It encompasses actions like uncovering, drawing out, or draining a liquid. The entries suggest its use in contexts of exposure or removal, but do not specify particular verses from the Old Testament.
חָשַׂף vb. strip off, strip, make bare
base
H2834 חָשַׂף strip off, strip, make bare
2834 chasaph khaw-saf'
a primitive root; to strip off, i.e. generally to make naked
(for exertion or in disgrace), to drain away or bail up (a
liquid):--make bare, clean, discover, draw out, take, uncover.
חָשַׂף (cha.saph) — to strip.
1) to strip, strip off, lay bare, make bare, draw out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to strip off
1a2) to strip, lay bare
1a3) to draw (water), skim, take from the surface
V-Qal-Impv-2fs — Verb · Qal · imperative second person feminine singularHVqv2fs
שֹׁ֫בֶל (shebel) refers to a flowing skirt or train, derived from a root meaning to flow. The term is used in the context of a lady's attire, specifically in Isaiah 47:2, where it denotes the trailing aspect of a garment.
שֹׁ֫בֶל n.[m.] flowing skirt, train;—abs. Is 47:2
ref
H7640 שֹׁ֫בֶל flowing skirt, train
7640 shebel show'-bel
from an unused root meaning to flow; a lady's train (as
trailing after her):--leg.
שֹׁ֫בֶל (sho.vel) — skirt.
flowing skirt, train
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
skurt:
(1) kanaph, "wing" "extremity" (Ru 3:9, etc.), is the usual word. But in 1Sa 24:4 ff perhaps "corner" is the best translation.
(2) shul, "loose hanging" (Ex 28:33, etc.; in the King James Version often rendered "hem").
(3) peh, "mouth," "opening" (Ps 133:2, "the precious oil .... that came down upon the skirt"). But the "opening" is that for is that for the head, so that the Revised Version margin "collar" is the correct translation.
"Skirt" is frequently used in a euphemistic sense, for which the commentaries must be consulted.
See DRESS; TRAIN.
→ See
The Hebrew word גָּלָה (galah) is a primitive root meaning to uncover or remove, with implications of revealing, disclosing, or going into exile. It encompasses various forms, including reflexive and passive uses, and can refer to both physical uncovering and metaphorical revelation. The word is notably associated with disgraceful exposure and the act of exile.
גָּלָה 189 vb. uncover, remove
Qal
uncover the ear of one, i.e. reveal to him
intr. remove, depart
go into exile
Niph.
refl.
uncover oneself (one’s nakedness)
discover or shew oneself
pass.
be uncovered (one’s nakedness)
be disclosed, discovered
be removed
Pi.
uncover
disclose, discover, lay bare
make known, shew, reveal
Pu. be uncovered
Hiph. carry away into exile, take into exile
Hoph. carried into exile
Hithp.
was uncovered (naked)
that his heart may reveal itself
base
H1540 גָּלָה uncover, remove .. uncover the ear of one, i.e. reveal to him
. intr. remove, depart
. go into exile
. . refl. . uncover oneself (one’s nakedness)
. discover or shew oneself
. pass. . be uncovered (one’s nakedness)
. be disclosed, discovered
. be removed
. . uncover
. disclose, discover, lay bare
. make known, shew, reveal
. be uncovered
. carry away into exile, take into exile
. carried into exile
. . was uncovered (naked)
. that his heart may reveal itself
1540 galah gaw-law'
a primitive root; to denude (especially in a disgraceful
sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually
stripped); figuratively, to reveal:--+ advertise, appear,
bewray, bring, (carry, lead, go) captive (into captivity),
depart, disclose, discover, exile, be gone, open, X plainly,
publish, remove, reveal, X shamelessly, shew, X surely, tell,
uncover.
הֶגְלָם (ga.lah) — Heglam.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.8.7;
son of: Ehud (H0164);
brother of: Naaman (H5283J), Ahijah (H0281K), Uzza (H5798H) and Ahihud (H0284); also called Heglam (KJV: "removed"; NIV: "deported") at 1Ch.8.7;
Another name of ge.ra (גֵּרָא "Gera" H1617J)
to reveal oneself
גָּלָה (ga.lah) — to reveal: reveal.
: reveal[information]
1) to uncover, remove
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to uncover
1a2) to remove, depart
1a3) to go into exile
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) (reflexive)
1b1a) to uncover oneself
1b1b) to discover or show oneself
1b1c) to reveal himself (of God)
1b2) (passive)
1b2a) to be uncovered
1b2b) to be disclosed, be discovered
1b2c) to be revealed
1b3) to be removed
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to uncover (nakedness)
1c1a) nakedness
1c1b) general
1c2) to disclose, discover, lay bare
1c3) to make known, show, reveal
1d) (Pual) to be uncovered
V-Piel-Impv-2fs — Verb · Piel · imperative second person feminine singularHVpv2fs
שׁוֹק (showq) refers to the leg, specifically the lower leg or calf in humans, and the thigh or upper leg in sacrificial animals. It is derived from a root meaning to run and appears in contexts related to both human anatomy and sacrificial practices.
שׁוֹק 19 n.[f.] leg
base
H7785 שׁוֹק leg
7785 showq shoke
from 7783; the (lower) leg (as a runner):--hip, leg,
shoulder, thigh.
see HEBREW for 07783
שׁוֹק (shoq) — leg.
1) leg, thigh
1a) of man; specifically the lower leg (calf) as opposed to the thigh
1b) of sacrificial animal; specifically the thigh, upper leg, hind leg, as the portion eaten
Aramaic equivalent: shaq (שָׁק "leg" H8243)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
(1) shoq, Aramaic shoq;
(2) kara`, dual kera`ayim;
(3) reghel; skelos; the King James Version translates also shobhel, and tse`adhah, with "leg," but mistakenly):
(1) The first Hebrew word (shoq) denotes the upper leg, and is therefore synonymous with THIGH (which see). It expresses metaphorically the muscular strength, and the pride of the runner. "He taketh no pleasure in the legs of a man" (Ps 147:10). "His legs are as pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold" (So 5:15). If the legs have lost their strength as in the lame or the Beri-beri patient, they become a metaphor for anything useless, inefficient or disappointing: "The legs of the lame hang loose; so is a parable in the mouth of fools" (Pr 26:7). The Aramaic…
The Hebrew word עָבַר (abar) is a versatile verb meaning to pass over, through, or by, and it encompasses a range of actions including crossing, traversing, and alienating. It can also imply causing something to pass or be transferred, as well as emotional states like anger in its Hithpael form. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, though they do not provide specific verse references.
עָבַר 648 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on
Qal
pass over
Pass beyond
Pass through, traverse
pass along by
pass by
sweep by, of scourge
be past, over, of time
pass along (from hand to hand)
Pass on, go on
Pass away
Niph. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded
Pi.
his bull impregnateth
cause one to cross river
cause something to pass over
make over to
devote children to (לְ) heathen god
pass along (from hand to hand)
cause to pass through
let pass through
cause to pass by
let pass by
cause arrow to pass beyond
cause to pass under rod, for counting
cause to pass away, take away
Hiph.
cause to pass over, bring over
he made to pass across with chains of gold
base
[עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself
base
H5674a עָבַר pass over, through, by, pass on .. pass over
. Pass beyond
. Pass through, traverse
. . pass along by
. pass by
. sweep by, of scourge
. be past, over, of time
. pass along (from hand to hand)
. Pass on, go on
. Pass away
. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded
. . his bull impregnateth . cause one to cross river
. cause something to pass over
. make over to
. devote children to (לְ) heathen god
. pass along (from hand to hand)
. . cause to pass through
. let pass through
. . cause to pass by
. let pass by
. cause arrow to pass beyond
. cause to pass under rod, for counting
. cause to pass away, take away
. . cause to pass over, bring over
. he made to pass across with chains of gold
H5674b עָבַר vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself
5674 `abar aw-bar'
a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any
transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive,
intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
copulation):--alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over,
through), carry over, (over-)come (on, over), conduct (over),
convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail,
gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way,
in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle,
overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over)
pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over,
through), (cause to, make) + proclaim(-amation), perish,
provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove,
send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X
speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to)
transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-)faring man, be
wrath.
עָבַר (a.var) — to pass.
1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over
1a2) to pass beyond
1a3) to pass through, traverse
1a3a) passers-through (participle)
1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant)
1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by
1a4a) passer-by (participle)
1a4b) to be past, be over
1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance
1a6) to pass away
1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory)
1a6b) to vanish
1a6c) to perish, cease to exist
1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree)
1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands
1b) (Niphal) to be crossed
1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross
1d) (Hiphil)
V-Qal-Impv-2fs — Verb · Qal · imperative second person feminine singularHVqv2fs
נָהָר (nahar) means 'stream' or 'river' and can refer to various water bodies, including the Nile and Euphrates. It also has a figurative sense of prosperity. The word is derived from a root meaning related to flowing water and has an Aramaic equivalent, נְהַר (ne.har).
נָהָר 120 n.m. stream, river
base
H5104 נָהָר stream, river
5104 nahar naw-hawr'
from 5102; a stream (including the sea; expec. the Nile,
Euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity:--flood, river.
see HEBREW for 05102
נָהָר (na.har) — River.
This name means stream, river
Another name of pe.rat (פְּרָת "Euphrates" H6578)
נָהָר (na.har) — river.
1) stream, river
1a) stream, river
1b) (underground) streams
Aramaic equivalent: ne.har (נְהַר "river" H5103H)
N-mp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa