Isaiah 2:8 — Word Study
WLCוַתִּמָּלֵ֥א אַרְצ֖וֹ אֱלִילִ֑ים לְמַעֲשֵׂ֤ה יָדָיו֙ יִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֔וּ לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ אֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו׃
BSATheir landʼerets [country, territory] is full ofmâlêʼ▸ [completely filled, abundant] idolsʼĕlîyl [worthless things, false gods] they bow downshâchâh▸ [worship, prostrate themselves] to the workmaʻăseh [deeds, actions] of their handsyâd [strength, power] to whatʼăsher [that which] their fingersʼetsbaʻ [hands, grasp] have madeʻâsâh■ [created, fashioned]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א | and it has been filled | Verb, Niphal, sequential imperfect third person feminine singular |
| אַרְצ֖וֹ | land its | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| אֱלִילִ֑ים | idols | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| לְמַעֲשֵׂ֤ה | to [the] work of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| יָדָיו֙ | hands his | Noun common both dual construct, suffix |
| יִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֔וּ | they bow down | Verb, Hithpael, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר | to [that] which | Preposition, particle |
| עָשׂ֖וּ | they have made | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| אֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו׃ | fingers his | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Their land is full of idols; they bow down to the work of their hands, to what their fingers have made. |
| KJV | Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made: |
| ASV | Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made. |
| YLT | And its land is full of idols, To the work of its hands it boweth itself, To that which its fingers have made, |
| WEB | Their land also is full of idols. They worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made. |
| BBE | Their land is full of images; they give worship to the work of their hands, even to that which their fingers have made. |
The translations agree on the meaning of the verse, emphasizing the futility of idolatry.
The sentence has a main clause followed by two prepositional phrases that describe the objects of worship.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbמָלֵא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 2:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Idolatry of Israelgenerated
Isaiah 2:8 reveals the extent of Israel's idolatry, emphasizing that their land is filled with worthless idols. This verse serves as a critique of the people's misplaced worship, highlighting their reliance on created objects rather than the living God. The surrounding verses further illustrate the consequences of such actions, including a warning of impending judgment and the need for repentance.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 57:5 | who burn with lust among the oaks, under every luxuriant tree, who slaughter your children in the valleys, under the clefts of the rocks? |
| 2 | 2 Chronicles 27:2 | And he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, just as his father Uzziah had done. In addition, he did not enter the temple of the LORD. But the people still behaved corruptly. |
| 3 | 2 Chronicles 28:2–4 | Instead, he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel and even made cast images of the Baals. |
| 4 | 2 Chronicles 33:3–7 | For he rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had torn down, and he raised up altars for the Baals and made Asherah poles. And he worshiped and served all the host of heaven. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 2:28 | But where are the gods you made for yourselves? Let them rise up in your time of trouble and save you if they can; for your gods are as numerous as your cities, O Judah. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 17 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֱלִילִ֑ים, 'e.li.Limgenerated
The word אֱלִיל (eliyl) signifies something that is worthless or an idol, often referring to false gods. It is derived from a root meaning 'insufficiency' or 'vanity,' indicating a lack of value. This term is used in contexts that warn against the dangers of idolatry, emphasizing the futility of worshiping things that cannot save.
In this verse, it underscores the emptiness of the idols that the people have created and worshipped, contrasting their actions with the true worship that should be directed toward God.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree that the land is filled with idols, emphasizing the futility of worshiping what is made by human hands.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the sentence is וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א, and it has been filled, which governs the clause describing the state of the land. The structure emphasizes the fullness of the land with idols, followed by the actions of the people in worshiping these idols.
The sentence is built around the main clause, with additional phrases detailing the objects of worship and the actions taken by the people, creating a clear picture of idolatry.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word אֱלִילִ֑ים is rendered as βδελυγμάτων, which conveys a sense of detestation or abomination. This choice highlights the translators' understanding of idols as not only worthless but also repugnant in the sight of God.
The use of ἐνεπλήσθη for וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א indicates a similar emphasis on the complete filling of the land, reinforcing the idea of abundance in idolatry.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 2:8 points out that the land is filled with idols, and the people bow down to what they have made with their hands. This highlights the problem of idolatry, where people worship false gods instead of the true God.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that the people have turned away from worshiping God and instead have created and worshiped false gods, which are worthless.
They bow down to their creations as a sign of worship, showing their misplaced trust in what they have made rather than in God.
This phrase emphasizes the idea that the idols are not divine but are mere products of human effort, underscoring the futility of worshiping them.
This verse aligns with other biblical warnings about the dangers of idolatry, as seen in passages like Jeremiah 2:28, which also admonish the people for turning to false gods.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some modern-day examples of idolatry that we encounter?
- How can we ensure that our worship is directed towards God rather than created things?
- In what ways can we identify and remove idols from our lives?
- How does understanding the futility of idols help us in our faith journey?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers referenced this verse to discuss the dangers of idolatry, highlighting how people create gods from both materials and their imaginations.
Not only do human beings "make gods for themselves" from statues, but you will also find them "making gods for themselves" from their imaginations.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 2 →
And the land was filled with silver and gold, and there was no end to its treasure. Among the other vices of the earth, the house of Jacob is also counted for its abundance of gold and silver.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 2 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 2:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleTheir land also is full of idols,.... Of the Virgin Mary, and of saints departed, whose images are set up to be worshipped in all their churches, and had in private houses: and they worship the work
Read John Gill on Isaiah 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryTheir land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made: Their land also is full of idols.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey give that worship to their own creatures which they deny to me their Creator, than which nothing can be more impious and absurd.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 2:8 Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made:Ver. 8. Their land also is full of idols.] As Babylon, "a land of idols"; as Athens, "wholly given to idolatry"; as China is said to have in it at this day a hundred thousand gods. And what shall we think of Popish idols? The word here rendered idols signifieth nihilitates, nothingness; for an idol is nothing in the world. They worship the work of their own hands.] Scelestum el immane facinus, dirum scelus et execrandum; effraenata et praeceps amentia. See Isaiah 44:15; Isaiah 44:18.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8) Their land also is full of idols.—The word which Isaiah chooses for “idols” (elîlîm—i.e., vain, false, gods) seems intentionally contrasted with elîm (gods, or mighty ones), and may fairly be rendered by no-gods. The reign of Ahaz was conspicuous from the first for this cultus (2 Chronicles 28:2-3), but it had been prominent even under Jotham (2 Chronicles 27:2).
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 2 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. Their land also is full of idols - "And his land is filled with idols"] Uzziah and Fotham are both said, 2Kg 15:3-4; 2Kg 15:34-35, "to have done that which was right in the sight of the Lord;" that is, to have adhered to and maintained the legal worship of God, in opposition to idolatry and all irregular worship; for to this sense the meaning of that phrase is commonly to be restrained; "save that the high places were not removed where the people still sacrificed and burned incense." There was hardly any time when they were quite free from this irregular and unlawful practice, which they seem to have looked upon as very consistent with the true worship of God; and which seems in…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8. idols] Lit. “nonentities.”—The word (’ìlîlîm) is almost peculiar to Isaiah; and appears to contain a scornful play on the word for “gods” (’êlîm). work of their own hands] The prophet refuses to distinguish, as a heathen might, between the false deity and his image; the latter alone has real existence. Cf. Hosea 13:2; Isaiah 40:19 f., Isaiah 41:7; Isaiah 44:12-20, &c.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 2 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleTheir land also is full of idols - compare Hosea 8:4; Hosea 10:1.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Their land is full of idols; they bow down to the work of their hands, to what their fingers have made.
Their land also is full of idols. They worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made.
Their land is full of idols; they bow down to the work of their hands, to what their fingers have made.
Their land is full of worthless idols; they worship the product of their own hands, what their own fingers have fashioned.
Tyndale line
Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made:
Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made.
Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made.
Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made:
Their land also was full of idols: they worshipped the worke of their owne hands, which their owne fingers haue made.
Strictly literal
And their land is full of idols; they bow themselves down to the work of their own hands, to that which their fingers have made.
And its land is full of idols, To the work of its hands it boweth itself, To that which its fingers have made,
And its land is full of idols, || It bows itself to the work of its hands, || To that which its fingers have made,
And full became their land of idols; to the work of their own hands they bow themselves, to what their own fingers have made.
Their land also is full of idols; they worship the craftsmanship of their own hands, things that their own fingers have made.
From the Latin
And their land is filled with horses: and their chariots are innumerable. Their land also is full of idols: they have adored the work of their own hands, which their own fingers have made.
Simplified
Their country is full of idols; they bow down and worship what they have made themselves—produced by their own hands!
Their land is full of images; they give worship to the work of their hands, even to that which their fingers have made.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls show agreement on the wording of this verse, with the scrolls providing partial restorations of the text. The Septuagint aligns closely with the Hebrew, though it presents the ideas in its own structure.
וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א אַרְצ֖וֹ אֱלִילִ֑ים לְמַעֲשֵׂ֤ה יָדָיו֙ יִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֔וּ לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ אֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו׃
7 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ותמלא ארצ׳ו אלילים למעשה ידי׳ו ישתחוו לאשר לעשו אצבעותי׳ו
9 words on the leather.
ותמלא ארצ׳ו [אלילים] למעשה [ידי׳ו] [ישתחוו] [לאשר] [עשו] [אצבעתי׳ו]
2 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.
ותמלא ארצ׳ו [אלילים] [למעשה] [ידי׳ו] [ישתחוו] [לאשר] עשו אצבעתי׳ו
2 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 2:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מָלֵא (male') means 'to fill' or 'be full,' with applications ranging from literal filling to figurative uses like accomplishing or completing something. It appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances such as being satisfied or confirming. Notably, it can also refer to massing against someone.
מָלֵא 249 vb. be full, fill
Qal 99
be full, usu. c. acc. material
trans. fill
Niph.
be filled
be accomplished, ended
Pi.
fill
special uses are:
fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
Pu. filled
Hithp. mass themselves against me
base
H4390 מָלֵא be full, fill .. be full, usu. c. acc. material
. trans. fill
. . be filled
. be accomplished, ended
. . fill
. special uses are:
. fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
. filled
. mass themselves against me
4390 male' maw-lay'
or malae (Esth. 7:5) {maw-law'}; a primitive root, to fill or
(intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally
and figuratively):--accomplish, confirm, + consecrate, be at
an end, be expired, be fenced, fill, fulfil, (be, become, X
draw, give in, go) full(-ly, -ly set, tale), (over-)flow,
fulness, furnish, gather (selves, together), presume,
replenish, satisfy, set, space, take a (hand-)full, + have
wholly.
מָלֵא (ma.le) — to fill.
1) to fill, be full
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be full
1a1a) fulness, abundance (participle)
1a1b) to be full, be accomplished, be ended
1a2) to consecrate, fill the hand
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be filled, be armed, be satisfied
1b2) to be accomplished, be ended
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to fill
1c2) to satisfy
1c3) to fulfil, accomplish, complete
1c4) to confirm
1d) (Pual) to be filled
1e) (Hithpael) to mass themselves against
Aramaic equivalent: me.la (מְלָא "to fill" H4391)
Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Niphal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singularHc/VNw3fs
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
N-cs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3ms
אֱלִיל (eliyl) refers to something that is worthless or of no value, often used to describe idols or false gods. It is derived from a root meaning 'insufficiency' or 'vanity.' The term appears in contexts that emphasize its lack of worth, including references to worthless shepherds.
אֱלִיל n.m. insufficiency, worthlessness
the shepherd of worthlessness = the worthless shepherd
concr. worthless gods, idols
base
H457 אֱלִיל insufficiency, worthlessness
457 'eliyl el-eel'
apparently from 408; good for nothing, by anal. vain or
vanity; specifically an idol:--idol, no value, thing of
nought.
see HEBREW for 0408
אֱלִיל (e.lil) — idol.
1) of nought, good for nothing, worthless
1a) of physicians, a shepherd, a divination
1b) of false gods
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma`aseh) means deed or work, encompassing a range of actions from good to bad, and includes concepts like business, labor, and products made. It can refer to specific achievements, works of God, or even customs. The entries suggest a broad application in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
מַעֲשֶׂה 233 n.m. deed, work
base
H4639 מַעֲשֶׂה deed, work
4639 ma`aseh mah-as-eh'
from 6213; an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction;
abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically,
a poem) or (generally) property:--act, art, + bakemeat,
business, deed, do(-ing), labor, thing made, ware of making,
occupation, thing offered, operation, possession, X well,
((handy-, needle-, net-))work(ing, - manship), wrought.
see HEBREW for 06213
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: work.
: work/product
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: justice.
: justice/right/righteousness
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: judgement.
: judgement/punishment
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: custom.
: custom/manner
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יָד (yad) means 'hand' and can also refer to strength or power in a figurative sense. It encompasses various technical uses, such as a sign or monument, parts or shares, and even specific components in construction, like axle-trees and supports for the laver. The word is versatile, appearing in both literal and metaphorical contexts.
יָד 1604 n.f. hand
hand
Fig. = strength, power
Fig. = side
יָד is used in various special, technical senses:—
sign, monument
part, fractional part or share
time, repetition
axle-trees
stays, supports for laver
tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
a (beckoning) hand
יַד with prep.
base
H3027 יָד hand . hand
. Fig. = strength, power
. Fig. = side
. יָד is used in various special, technical senses:— . sign, monument
. part, fractional part or share
. time, repetition
. axle-trees
. stays, supports for laver
. tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
. a (beckoning) hand
. יַד with prep.
3027 yad yawd
a primitive word; a hand (the open one (indicating power,
means, direction, etc.), in distinction from 3709, the closed
one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of
applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate
and remote (as follows):--(+ be) able, X about, + armholes,
at, axletree, because of, beside, border, X bounty, + broad,
(broken-)handed, X by, charge, coast, + consecrate, +
creditor, custody, debt, dominion, X enough, + fellowship,
force, X from, hand(-staves, -y work), X he, himself, X in,
labour, + large, ledge, (left-)handed, means, X mine,
ministry, near, X of, X order, ordinance, X our, parts, pain,
power, X presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay,
draw with strength, stroke, + swear, terror, X thee, X by
them, X themselves, X thine own, X thou, through, X throwing,
+ thumb, times, X to, X under, X us, X wait on, (way-)side,
יָד (yad) — hand.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: power.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: themselves.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
N-cd | Suff — Noun common both dual construct · suffixHNcbdc/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word שָׁחָה (*shachah*) is a primitive root meaning to bow down or prostrate oneself, particularly in homage to a superior or in worship before God. It can also imply a figurative sense of being depressed by anxiety. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including worship of both God and false gods.
[שָׁחָה] 172 vb. bow down
Qal bow down
Hiph. fig., anxiety depresses it
Hithpa‛lēl
bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.
before God, in worship
before other gods
base
H7812 שָׁחָה bow down .bow down
. fig., anxiety depresses it
.. bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.
. before God, in worship
. before other gods
7812 shachah shaw-khaw'
a primitive root; to depress, i.e. prostrate (especially
reflexive, in homage to royalty or God):--bow (self) down,
crouch, fall down (flat), humbly beseech, do (make) obeisance,
do reverence, make to stoop, worship.
שָׁחָה (sha.chah) — to bow.
1) to bow down
1a) (Qal) to bow down
1b)(Hiphil) to depress (fig)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to bow down, prostrate oneself
1c1a) before superior in homage
1c1b) before God in worship
1c1c) before false gods
1c1d) before angel
V-v-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVti3mp
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
Prep | Rel — Preposition · particleHR/Tr
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
אֶצְבַּע (etsba) means 'finger' and can also refer to a 'toe.' It derives from a root meaning to grasp. The entries consistently emphasize its use in both Hebrew and Aramaic contexts, with no significant disagreements noted among the lexicons.
אֶצְבַּע 31 n.f. finger
base
H676 אֶצְבַּע finger
676 'etsba` ets-bah'
from the same as 6648 (in the sense of grasping); something
to sieze with, i.e. a finger; by analogy, a toe:--finger,
toe.
see HEBREW for 06648
אֶצְבַּע (ets.ba) — finger.
finger, toe
Aramaic equivalent: ets.ba (אֶצְבַּע "digit" H0677)
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3ms