Isaiah 14:7 — Word Study
WLCנָ֥חָה שָׁקְטָ֖ה כָּל־ הָאָ֑רֶץ פָּצְח֖וּ רִנָּֽה׃
BSAAllkôl [the whole, everything] the earthʼerets [land, territory, the world] is at peaceshâqaṭ■ [in a state of, experiencing, rest, quietness, stillness] and at restnûwach■ [quiet, still] they break outpâtsach■ [burst forth, sing loudly] in songrinnâh [a cry of joy, a ringing cry]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| נָ֥חָה | it is at rest | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| שָׁקְטָ֖ה | it is at peace | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| כָּל־ | all | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| הָאָ֑רֶץ | the earth | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| פָּצְח֖וּ | people have broken forth | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| רִנָּֽה׃ | a shout of joy | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | All the earth is at peace and at rest; they break out in song. |
| KJV | The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet: they break forth into singing. |
| ASV | The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet: they break forth into singing. |
| YLT | At rest — quiet hath been all the earth, They have broken forth [into] singing. |
| WEB | The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet. They break out in song. |
| BBE | All the earth is at rest and is quiet: they are bursting into song. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of שָׁקְטָ֖ה — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has one main clause followed by a subordinate clause that describes the action of breaking forth in song.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbנוּחַ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 14:7
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Aftermath of Judgmentgenerated
Isaiah 14:7 describes a time when the earth is at peace following a period of turmoil. The verse reflects the joy of creation as it responds to the cessation of conflict, with nature and people alike celebrating in song. This theme of peace is echoed throughout the Scriptures, illustrating the restoration of harmony in the world, as seen in Psalm 96:11-13 and Psalm 98:7-9.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 49:13 | Shout for joy, O heavens; rejoice, O earth; break forth in song, O mountains! For the LORD has comforted His people, and He will have compassion on His afflicted ones. |
| 2 | Psalm 96:11–13 | Let the heavens be glad and the earth rejoice; let the sea resound, and all that fills it. |
| 3 | Psalm 98:7–9 | Let the sea resound, and all that fills it, the world, and all who dwell in it. |
| 4 | Psalm 126:1–3 | When the LORD restored the captives of Zion, we were like dreamers. |
| 5 | Proverbs 11:10 | When the righteous thrive, the city rejoices, and when the wicked perish, there are shouts of joy. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נָ֥חָה, Na.chahgenerated
The verb נוּחַ (nuwach) means to rest or settle down, indicating a state of tranquility. It can refer to both literal resting and figurative stillness, suggesting a deep sense of peace. The parsing as a perfect tense verb indicates that this state of rest is complete and ongoing.
This word appears frequently throughout the Hebrew Bible, emphasizing its significance in contexts of rest and divine peace, as seen in Exodus 20:11 and Matthew 11:28.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb נָ֥חָה governs the first part of the verse, indicating the state of the earth, while the second part features another verb פָּצְח֖וּ, which describes the action of the people breaking forth in song. The structure emphasizes the contrast between the calm state of the earth and the joyful response of its inhabitants.
The sentence flows from the state of the earth to the reaction of the people, illustrating a harmonious relationship between creation and its response to peace.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates נָ֥חָה as ἀνεπαύσατο (anepausato), which means 'to rest' or 'to cease from labor.' This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing a state of rest.
For שָׁקְטָ֖ה, the translation is πεποιθώς (pepoithōs), which carries the sense of being at peace or secure, further reinforcing the theme of tranquility.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 14:7 tells us that the earth is experiencing peace and rest, and as a result, its inhabitants break forth in joyful song. This verse highlights the joy and tranquility that follows a time of conflict, reflecting a universal celebration of peace.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies a state of tranquility and calmness following turmoil, where creation can finally experience stillness and joy.
The joyful response in song reflects the relief and happiness that comes with peace, celebrating the cessation of conflict.
This verse connects with themes of restoration and divine peace found throughout the Scriptures, illustrating how God's intervention leads to joy and tranquility.
It teaches that true peace brings about joy and celebration, encouraging us to respond with gratitude and praise.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I cultivate a sense of peace in my own life, as described in this verse?
- What are some ways I can express joy and gratitude in response to the peace I experience?
- In what situations have I felt the contrast between turmoil and peace, and how did I respond?
- How can I encourage others to find peace and joy in their lives?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 14:7 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe whole earth is at rest, [and] is quiet,.... The troubler of them being gone; and which will be the ease of the people of God, who in the latter day will fill the face of the earth, when the beast
Read John Gill on Isaiah 14 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThat thou shalt take up this proverb against the king of Babylon, and say, How hath the oppressor ceased! the golden city ceased!
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 14 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe whole earth; the inhabitants and subjects of that vast empire, who groaned under their cruel bondage.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 14 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 14:7 The whole earth is at rest, [and] is quiet: they break forth into singing.Ver. 7. The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet.] Quievit, conticuit. All is hushed that was used to be set in an uproar by these restless ambitionists. They break forth into singing.] By a wide opening of the lips and lungs, as the word signifieth. ανεπαυσατοπεποιθως. - Sept.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 14 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(7) They break forth into singing . . .—The phrase is noticeable as characteristic of Isaiah (Isaiah 44:23; Isaiah 49:13; Isaiah 52:9; Isaiah 54:1; Isaiah 55:12), and is not found elsewhere. The emancipated nations are represented as exulting in the unfamiliar peace that follows on the downfall of their oppressor.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 14 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges7. they break forth into singing] A favourite idea in the second part of the book: ch. Isaiah 44:23, Isaiah 49:13, Isaiah 54:1, Isaiah 55:12.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 14 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe whole earth is at rest - The kingdom of Babylonia, or Chaldea, extended nearly over the whole pagan world.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 14 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible7, 8. Earth is at rest — Better, Hath gone into rest. Is quiet — Has become quiet. The verbs are inchoatively past. Break forth into singing — There being no subject to the verb, great generality is given to the rejoicing.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 14 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
All the earth is at peace and at rest; they break out in song.
The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet. They break out in song.
All the earth is at peace and at rest; they break out in song.
The whole earth rests and is quiet; they break into song.
Tyndale line
The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet: they break forth into singing.
The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet: they break forth into singing.
The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet: they break forth into singing.
The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet: they break forth into singing.
The whole worlde is at rest and is quiet: they sing for ioye.
Strictly literal
The whole earth is at rest, is quiet: they break forth into singing.
At rest — quiet hath been all the earth, They have broken forth [into] singing.
At rest—all the earth has been quiet, || They have broken forth [into] singing.
At rest, quiet is all the earth; men break forth into loud song.
The whole earth is at rest and is quiet; they begin celebrating with singing.
From the Latin
The whole earth is quiet and still, it is glad and hath rejoiced.
Simplified
Now the whole earth rests peacefully, and everyone starts celebrating!
All the earth is at rest and is quiet: they are bursting into song.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: נָ֥חָה שָׁקְטָ֖ה כָּל־ הָאָ֑רֶץ פָּצְח֖וּ רִנָּֽה׃, which translates to 'All the earth is at peace and at rest; they break out in song.' The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in meaning, as all 6 words match in a word-by-word correspondence, though the Greek version has its own word order and articles. The Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaa also agree with the Masoretic Text, preserving the phrase as נחה שקטה כול הארץ פצחו רונה. However, the Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q59 presents a slightly different form, with 5 words preserved and one word partly restored, reading נחה שקטה כל הארץ פצחו רנה. Overall, the main witnesses are in agreement, with minor variations in wording and preservation.
נָ֥חָה שָׁקְטָ֖ה כָּל־ הָאָ֑רֶץ פָּצְח֖וּ רִנָּֽה׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
נחה שקטה כול הארץ פצחו רונה
6 words on the leather.
נחה שקטה כל הארץ פצחו רנה
5 words on the leather — 1 partly restored.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 14:7
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
נוּחַ (nuwach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rest or settle down. It encompasses a wide range of applications, including both literal and figurative uses, such as to dwell, be quiet, or let something remain. The verb can appear in various forms, indicating actions like causing rest or allowing to depart. It is noted for its versatility in expressing different aspects of rest and stillness.
נוּחַ vb. rest
Qal
rest, settle down and remain
repose, be quiet, have rest
Hiph.
cause to rest = give rest to
cause to rest (i.e. light) upon
lay or set down, deposit, let lie
let remain, leave (in present condition)
leave = depart from
abandon
let alone (refrain from interfering with)
permit
Hoph.
no rest is granted to us
as subst. = space left, open space
base
H5117 נוּחַ rest
5117 nuwach noo'-akh
a primitive root; to rest, i.e. settle down; used in a great
variety of applications, literal and figurative, intransitive,
transitive and causative (to dwell, stay, let fall, place, let
alone, withdraw, give comfort, etc.):--cease, be confederate,
lay, let down, (be) quiet, remain, (cause to, be at, give,
have, make to) rest, set down. Compare 3241.
see HEBREW for 03241
נוּחַ (nu.ach) — to rest.
1) to rest
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to rest, settle down and remain
1a2) to repose, have rest, be quiet
1b) (Hiph)
1b1) to cause to rest, give rest to, make quiet
1b2) to cause to rest, cause to alight, set down
1b3) to lay or set down, deposit, let lie, place
1b4) to let remain, leave
1b5) to leave, depart from
1b6) to abandon
1b7) to permit
1c) (Hoph)
1c1) to obtain rest, be granted rest
1c2) to be left, be placed
1c3) open space (subst)
Also means: ya.nach (יָנַח "to rest" H3240)
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularHVqp3fs
(nuach, menuchah, "cessation from motion," "peace," "quiet," etc.; anapausis, [@katapausis): "Rest" in the above sense is of frequent occurrence, and is the translation of several words with various applications and shades of meaning, chiefly of the words given above. It is applied to God as ceasing from the work of creating on the 7th day (Ge 2:2 f) ; as having His place of rest in the midst of His people in the temple (1Ch 28:2; Ps 132:8,14); as resting in His love among His people (Ze 3:17, the Revised Version margin "Hebrew, `be silent' "). The 7th day was to be one of rest (Ex 16:23; 31:15; see SABBATH); the land also was to have its rest in the 7th year (
Rest
(1.) Gr. katapausis, equivalent to the Hebrew word noah (Heb. 4:1).
(2.) Gr. anapausis, “rest from weariness” (Matt. 11:28).
(3.) Gr. anesis, “relaxation” (2 Thess. 1:7).
(4.) Gr. sabbatismos, a Sabbath rest, a rest from all work (Heb. 4:9; R.V., “sabbath”), a rest like that of God when he had finished the work of creation.
In Ac 9:31, refers to the respite from persecution enjoyed by the Christians in Palestine, after the conversion of Saul of Tarsus, during the last two years of Caligula’s short reign, A. D. 39 and 40, when the Jews were so harassed by the attempts of the emperor to force them to worship him as a god, that they forbore to afflict the followers of Christ.
שָׁקַט (shaqat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be quiet or undisturbed. It encompasses a range of meanings including tranquility, inactivity, and rest, and can refer to both people and land. The Hiphil form indicates causing quietness or showing quietness. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
שָׁקַט vb. be quiet, undisturbed
Qal be quiet, undisturbed
of land, at peace
be quiet, inactive
Hiph.
shew quietness (inner causat.), of men
cause quietness
base
H8252 שָׁקַט be quiet, undisturbed .be quiet, undisturbed . of land, at peace
. be quiet, inactive
. . shew quietness (inner causat.), of men
. cause quietness
8252 shaqat shaw-kat'
a primitive root; to repose (usually figurative):--appease,
idleness, (at, be at, be in, give) quiet(-ness), (be at, be
in, give, have, take) rest, settle, be still.
שָׁקַט (sha.qat) — to quiet.
1) to be quiet, be tranquil, be at peace, be quiet, rest, lie still, be undisturbed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be quiet, be undisturbed
1a1a) to be at peace (of land)
1a2) to be quiet, be inactive
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to show quietness
1b1a) quietness, display of quietness (subst)
1b2) to quiet, be quiet
1b3) to cause quietness, pacify, allay
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularHVqp3fs
pes (shalom; eirene):
1. In the Old Testament:
Is a condition of freedom from disturbance, whether outwardly, as of a nation from war or enemies, or inwardly, within the soul. The Hebrew word is shalom (both adjective and substantive), meaning, primarily, "soundness," "health," but coming also to signify "prosperity," well-being in general, all good in relation to both man and God. In early times, to a people harassed by foes, peace was the primary blessing. In Ps 122:7, we have "peace" and "prosperity," and in 35:27; 73:3, shalom is translated "prosperity." In 2Sa 11:7 the King James Version, David asked of Uriah "how Joab did" (margin "of the peace of Joab"), "and how the people did (the Revised Version (British and American) "fared," literally, "of the peace of the people"), and…
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
Art | N-cs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
urth ('adhamah, 'erets, 'aphar; ge, oikoumene):
In a hilly limestone country like Palestine, the small amount of iron oxide in the rocks tends to be oxidized, and thereby to give a prevailing reddish color to the soil. This is especially the case on relatively barren hills where there is little organic matter present to prevent reddening and give a more blackish tinge.
'Adhamah (compare 'adham, "a man," and Adam) is from 'adham, "to be red," and is used in the senses: "earth" (Ex 20:24), "land" (Ps 105:35), a "land" or country (Isa 14:2), "ground" (Ge 4:11), "the earth" (Ge 7:4).
Earth
(1.) In the sense of soil or ground, the translation of the word adamah’. In Gen. 9:20 “husbandman” is literally “man of the ground or earth.” Altars were to be built of earth (Ex. 20:24). Naaman asked for two mules’ burden of earth (2 Kings 5:17), under the superstitious notion that Jehovah, like the gods of the heathen, could be acceptably worshipped only on his own soil.
(2). As the rendering of ’erets, it means the whole world (Gen. 1:2); the land as opposed to the sea (1:10). Erets also denotes a country (21:32); a plot of ground (23:15); the ground on which a man stands (33:3); the inhabitants of the earth (6:1; 11:1); all the world except Israel (
The term is used in two widely-different senses: (1) for the material of which the earth’s surface is composed; (2) as the name of the planet on which man dwells. The Hebrew language discriminates between these two by the use of separate terms, adamah for the former, erets for the latter. Adamah is the earth in the sense of soil or ground, particularly as being susceptible of cultivation. (Genesis 2:7) Erets is applied in a more or less extended sense-- (1) to the whole world, (Genesis 1:1) (2) to land as opposed to sea, (Genesis 1:10) (3) to a country, (Genesis 21:32) (4) to a plot of ground, (Genesis 23:15) and (5) to…
In both Hebrew and Greek the same word is used to denote the earth as a whole, and a particular land. Only the context can enable us to decide in which of these senses it is to be taken in a given passage.
Thus in Mt 27:45 we might, so far as the original word is concerned, render either "there was darkness over all the land," or over all the earth. The expression "all the earth" is sometimes used hyperbolically for a large portion of it, Ezr 1:2. The word is used of the whole world, etc. In a moral sense, earthly is opposed to what is heavenly, spiritual and holy, Joh 3:31 1Co 15:47 Col 3:2
פָּצַח (patsach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to break out or burst forth, often associated with joyful sounds. It can refer to breaking forth in joy or making a loud noise, and in a different form, it can mean to break bones in pieces. The entries highlight its use in contexts of exuberance and physical breaking.
פָּצַח vb. cause to break or burst forth, break forth with
Qal they have broken forth with joyous shout
Pi. break bones in pieces
base
H6476 פָּצַח cause to break or burst forth, break forth with
6476 patsach paw-tsakh'
a primitive root; to break out (in joyful sound):--break
(forth, forth into joy), make a loud noise.
פָּצַח (pa.tsach) — to break out.
1) to cause to break or burst forth, break forth with, break out
1a) (Qal) to break out, break forthwith
1b) (Piel) to break up
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
forth: "Forth," adverb (from "for"), signifies movement
(1) forward,
(2) out of,
(3) beyond a certain boundary.
In a few instances in the Old Testament it is the translation of the preposition `al, properly "above," "upon" (2Ki 11:15; 2Ch 23:14; Am 7:17 the King James Version), and of chuts, "without" (Ge 39:13; Jud 19:25). "Forth" is often used as an expletive of various verbs, as "break (forth)," "bring (forth)," "call (forth)," etc. In the Gospel of John it is the translation of exo, "without," as "Lazarus, come forth" (11:43; so 15:6; 19:4 the King James Version…
רִנָּה (rinnah) refers to a ringing cry, often associated with joy, grief, or proclamation. It is derived from the root meaning to creak or make a shrill sound. The term encompasses various expressions of emotion, including gladness and triumph, and can denote both joyful singing and cries of supplication.
רִנָּה n.f. ringing cry
base
H7440 רִנָּה ringing cry
7440 rinnah rin-naw'
from 7442; properly, a creaking (or shrill sound), i.e. shout
(of joy or grief):--cry, gladness, joy, proclamation,
rejoicing, shouting, sing(-ing), triumph.
see HEBREW for 07442
רִנָּה (rin.nah) — cry.
1) ringing cry
1a) of entreaty, supplication
1b) in proclamation, joy, praise
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
joi (simchah; chara):
1. Terms:
The idea of joy is expressed in the Old Testament by a wealth of synonymous terms that cannot easily be differentiated. The commonest is simchah (1Sa 18:6, etc.), variously translated in English Versions of the Bible "joy," "gladness," "mirth"; from sameah, properly "to be bright," "to shine" (Pr 13:9, "The light of the righteous rejoiceth," literally, "is bright"), but generally used figuratively "to rejoice," "be glad" (Le 23:40 and very frequent).
Other nouns are masos and sason, both from sus, properly "to spring," "leap," hence, "exult," "rejoice"; rinnah, "shouting." "joy"; gil, from verb gil or gul, "to go in a circle," hence, "be excited" (dancing round for joy), "rejoice." In the New…
