Isaiah 14:5 — Word Study
WLCשָׁבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה מַטֵּ֣ה רְשָׁעִ֑ים שֵׁ֖בֶט מֹשְׁלִֽים׃
BSAThe LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, The covenant Name of God] has brokenshâbar■ [shattered, ceased] the staffmaṭṭeh [rod] of the wickedrâshâʻ [morally wrong, guilty of sin] the sceptershêbeṭ [stick, tool for punishment] of the rulersmâshal [those who have power, leaders]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שָׁבַ֥ר | he has broken | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| יְהוָ֖ה | Yahweh | Noun proper |
| מַטֵּ֣ה | [the] staff of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| רְשָׁעִ֑ים | wicked [people] | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| שֵׁ֖בֶט | [the] scepter of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| מֹשְׁלִֽים׃ | rulers | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The LORD has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of the rulers. |
| KJV | The LORD hath broken the staff of the wicked, and the sceptre of the rulers. |
| ASV | Jehovah hath broken the staff of the wicked, the sceptre of the rulers; |
| YLT | Ceased hath the golden one. Broken hath Jehovah the staff of the wicked, The sceptre of rulers. |
| WEB | Yahweh has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of the rulers, |
| BBE | The stick of the evil-doers, the rod of the rulers, is broken by the Lord; |
Where they part company is שָׁבַר — see How Translations Differ.
The main verb governs two noun phrases, indicating the specific targets of the LORD's action.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectיהוה
verbשָׁבַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 14:5
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Taunt Against the King of Babylongenerated
Isaiah 14:5 is part of a passage that mocks the king of Babylon, celebrating the end of his oppressive reign. The surrounding verses depict the downfall of this tyrant and the restoration of peace to the earth, contrasting the wickedness of rulers with the justice of the LORD. This theme resonates throughout the book of Isaiah, as it frequently addresses the fate of the oppressors and the hope for the oppressed.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 14:29 | Do not rejoice, all you Philistines, that the rod that struck you is broken. For a viper will spring from the root of the snake, and a flying serpent from its egg. |
| 2 | Isaiah 9:4 | For as in the day of Midian You have shattered the yoke of their burden, the bar across their shoulders, and the rod of their oppressor. |
| 3 | Isaiah 10:5 | Woe to Assyria, the rod of My anger; the staff in their hands is My wrath. |
| 4 | Psalm 125:3 | For the scepter of the wicked will not rest upon the land allotted to the righteous, so that the righteous will not put forth their hands to injustice. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 48:15–17 | Moab has been destroyed and its towns have been invaded; the best of its young men have gone down in the slaughter, declares the King, whose name is the LORD of Hosts. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שָׁבַר, sha.Vargenerated
The verb שָׁבַר (sha.Var) means to break or shatter, indicating a decisive action that results in destruction. It is a perfect tense verb, showing that this breaking has already occurred, emphasizing the finality of the LORD's judgment.
The use of this verb in the context of the staff of the wicked suggests a total dismantling of their power and authority. The word carries connotations of both physical and moral destruction, aligning with the broader themes of justice and retribution found in the prophetic literature.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb שָׁבַ֥ר governs the entire verse, with two noun phrases acting as the objects: מַטֵּ֣ה רְשָׁעִ֑ים and שֵׁ֖בֶט מֹשְׁלִֽים. The structure emphasizes the action of the LORD as the central focus, with the broken objects highlighting the targets of His judgment.
The Hebrew word order places the subject יְהוָ֖ה at the beginning, underscoring the LORD's authority and decisive action in breaking the power of the wicked.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שָׁבַר as συνέτριψεν (synetri̱pen), which also means 'to crush' or 'to shatter'. This choice conveys a similar sense of total destruction but may imply a more comprehensive annihilation than the Hebrew term alone.
The use of θεὸς (Theos) for יְהוָ֖ה indicates a broader interpretation of God's nature, aligning with the Greek audience's understanding of divine authority.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 14:5 tells us that the LORD has broken the power of the wicked and the rulers. This verse is part of a passage that mocks the king of Babylon and celebrates the end of his oppressive reign, showing that God will bring justice and restore peace.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies that God has decisively ended the power and authority of those who do wrong, ensuring justice is served.
The wicked are those who act unjustly and oppress others, particularly the rulers who misuse their power.
This verse reflects the recurring theme in Isaiah of God's judgment against oppressors and His promise of restoration for the oppressed.
The scepter symbolizes authority and power; its breaking indicates the end of tyrannical rule and the establishment of justice.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I seen God's justice against those who oppress others?
- How can I identify and stand against wickedness in my own life and community?
- What does it mean for me to trust in God's authority over rulers and leaders?
- How can I find peace and rest in God's promises, even when faced with injustice?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 14:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe Lord hath broken the staff of the wicked,.... This is an answer to the above question, how the exactor and his tribute came to cease; this was not by man, but by the Lord himself; for though he
Read John Gill on Isaiah 14 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThat thou shalt take up this proverb against the king of Babylon, and say, How hath the oppressor ceased! the golden city ceased!
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 14 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThis is an answer to the foregoing question. It is God’ s own work, and not man’ s; and therefore it is not strange that it is accomplished.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 14 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 14:5 The LORD hath broken the staff of the wicked, [and] the sceptre of the rulers.Ver. 5. The Lord hath broken the staff.] Wherewith these exactors cudgelled men, as so many beasts, into subjection and obedience. And the sceptre.] Or Rod of the rulers who ruled with rigour.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 14 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(5) The Lord hath broken the staff of the wicked . . .—The “staff” and the “sceptre” are alike symbols of power, the former being that on which a man supports himself, the other that which he wields in his arm to smite those who oppose him.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 14 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges5. the rulers] here used in the sense of tyrants.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 14 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe Lord hath broken - Yahweh, by the hand of Cyrus. The staff of the wicked - That is, the scepter of the king of Babylon. The word rendered ‘staff’ (מטה maṭēh) may mean either a bough, stick, staff, rod, or a scepter.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 14 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible5. Staff… wicked — This means the imperial power of Babylon. In this verse is apparently the answer to the exclamation of the preceding verse. Rulers — Who claimed absolute dominion over all minor kingdoms of the East.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 14 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The LORD has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of the rulers.
Yahweh has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of the rulers,
The LORD has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of the rulers.
The Lord has broken the club of the wicked, the scepter of rulers.
Tyndale line
The LORD hath broken the staff of the wicked, and the sceptre of the rulers.
Jehovah hath broken the staff of the wicked, the sceptre of the rulers;
The LORD hath broken the staff of the wicked, the sceptre of the rulers;
The LORD hath broken the staff of the wicked, and the scepter of the rulers.
The Lord hath broken the rodde of the wicked, and the scepter of the rulers:
Strictly literal
Jehovah hath broken the staff of the wicked, the sceptre of the rulers.
Ceased hath the golden one. Broken hath Jehovah the staff of the wicked, The sceptre of rulers.
The golden one has ceased. YHWH has broken the staff of the wicked, || The scepter of rulers.
Broken hath the Lord the staff of the wicked, the sceptre of rulers;
Yahweh has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of those rulers,
From the Latin
The Lord hath broken the staff of the wicked, the rod of the rulers,
Simplified
The Lord has broken the rod of the wicked, the rulers' scepter.
The stick of the evil-doers, the rod of the rulers, is broken by the Lord;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states, "שָׁבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה מַטֵּ֣ה רְשָׁעִ֑ים שֵׁ֖בֶט מֹשְׁלִֽים׃" which translates to "The LORD has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of the rulers." The Septuagint agrees in meaning, although its word order and articles differ, reflecting a different syntactical structure. The Dead Sea Scrolls, particularly 1Qisaa, also align closely with the Masoretic Text, preserving the same wording. However, 4Q57 and 4Q59 contain some words that are either partly restored or supplied by an editor, indicating minor textual variations. Overall, the core message remains consistent across these ancient witnesses, affirming the LORD's action against the wicked and their rulers.
שָׁבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה מַטֵּ֣ה רְשָׁעִ֑ים שֵׁ֖בֶט מֹשְׁלִֽים׃
4 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
שבר יהוה מטה רשעים שבט מושלים
6 words on the leather.
שבר [יהוה] [מטה] [רשעים] [שבט] [משלים]
nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
[שבר] [יהוה] מטה רשעים שבט משלים
3 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 2 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 14:5
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁבַר (shabar) means to break or shatter, with various nuances including breaking in pieces, causing to break out (like bringing to birth), and being broken or crushed. It appears in different forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating active and passive meanings. The lexicons do not present any significant disagreements.
שָׁבַר 148 vb. break, break in pieces
Qal 53 break, lit.
Niph. 57 be broken
Pi. 26 shatter, break
Hiph. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth
Hoph. be broken, shattered (in heart)
base
H7665 שָׁבַר break, break in pieces .break, lit.
. be broken
. shatter, break
. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth
. be broken, shattered (in heart)
7665 shabar shaw-bar'
a primitive root; to burst (literally or
figuratively):--break (down, off, in pieces, up),
broken((-hearted)), bring to the birth, crush, destroy, hurt,
quench, X quite, tear, view (by mistake for 7663).
see HEBREW for 07663
שָׁבַר (sha.var) — to break.
1) to break, break in pieces
1a) (Qal)
1a1) break, break in or down, rend violently, wreck, crush, quench
1a2) to break, rupture (fig)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be broken, be maimed, be crippled, be wrecked
1b2) to be broken, be crushed (fig)
1c) (Piel) to shatter, break
1d) (Hiphil) to cause to break out, bring to the birth
1e) (Hophal) to be broken, be shattered
Aramaic equivalent: te.var (תְּבַר "to break" H8406)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
bro'-k'-n: Occurs both as past participle of the verb translated "to break" and as an adjective, the former use will be dealt with here only so far as verbs occur which are thus translated but do not present the non-participial forms. Such are: meroach = "bruised," "emasculated" (Le 21:20); chathath = "to frustrate," hence, "to break down" either by violence or by confusion and fear (1Sa 2:10; Jer 48:20,39); dakhah = "to collapse" (Ps 44:19; 51:8); ratsats = "to crack in pieces" "crush" (Ec 12:6); kathath = "to bruise or violently strike," "break in pieces" (Isa…
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'
יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)
יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb
יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D
the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy
יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh
base
H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel
3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'
from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish
national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.
see HEBREW for 01961
see HEBREW for 03050
see HEBREW for 03069
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.
Jehovah = "the existing One"
1) the proper name of the one true God
1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
N-proper — Noun properHNpt
מַטֶּה (mat-teh) refers to a staff, rod, or branch, and can also denote a tribe. It is derived from a root meaning to extend, and its uses include both literal and figurative meanings, such as a support or a means of correction. The lexicons consistently highlight its association with leadership and community.
מַטֶּה 251 n.m.
staff, rod, shaft
branch
tribe
base
H4294 מַטֶּה . staff, rod, shaft
. branch
. tribe
4294 matteh mat-teh'
or (feminine) mattah {mat-taw'}; from 5186; a branch (as
extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for
chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre),
throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a
support of life, e.g. bread):--rod, staff, tribe.
see HEBREW for 05186
מַטֶּה (mat.teh) — tribe: rod.
: rod/staff
1) staff, branch, tribe
1a) staff, rod, shaft
1b) branch (of vine)
1c) tribe
1c1) company led by chief with staff (originally)
מַטֶּה (mat.teh) — tribe.
: tribe
1) staff, branch, tribe
1a) staff, rod, shaft
1b) branch (of vine)
1c) tribe
1c1) company led by chief with staff (originally)
מַטֶּה (mat.teh) — tribe: arrow.
: arrow
1) staff, branch, tribe
1a) staff, rod, shaft
1b) branch (of vine)
1c) tribe
1c1) company led by chief with staff (originally)
מַטֶּה (mat.teh) — tribe: stick.
: stick
1) staff, branch, tribe
1a) staff, rod, shaft
1b) branch (of vine)
1c) tribe
1c1) company led by chief with staff (originally)
מַטֶּה (mat.teh) — tribe: supply.
: supply
1) staff, branch, tribe
1a) staff, rod, shaft
1b) branch (of vine)
1c) tribe
1c1) company led by chief with staff (originally)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רָשָׁע (rasha`) refers to someone who is wicked or criminal, encompassing meanings such as guilty and ungodly. It is derived from a root that implies moral wrongdoing. The term is used to describe individuals who are hostile to God or guilty of sin against others.
רָשָׁע 263 adj. wicked, criminal
base
H7563 רָשָׁע wicked, criminal
7563 rasha` raw-shaw'
from 7561; morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad
person:--+ condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did
wrong.
see HEBREW for 07561
רָשָׁע (ra.sah) — wicked.
1) wicked, criminal
1a) guilty one, one guilty of crime (subst)
1b) wicked (hostile to God)
1c) wicked, guilty of sin (against God or man)
Adj — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
שֵׁ֫בֶט (shebet) refers to both a physical object and a social group. It can mean a rod, staff, or sceptre, often associated with authority or punishment, as well as a tribe or clan. The word is built from a root likely meaning to branch off, indicating both literal and figurative uses.
שֵׁ֫בֶט 189 n.m. 1. rod, staff, club, sceptre. 2. tribe
base
H7626 שֵׁ֫בֶט 1. rod, staff, club, sceptre. 2. tribe
7626 shebet shay'-bet
from an unused root probably meaning to branch off; a scion,
i.e. (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting,
ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan:--X
correction, dart, rod, sceptre, staff, tribe.
שֵׁ֫בֶט (she.vet) — tribe: staff.
: staff
1) rod, staff, branch, offshoot, club, sceptre, tribe
1a) rod, staff
1b) shaft (of spear, dart)
1c) club (of shepherd's implement)
1d) truncheon, sceptre (mark of authority)
1e) clan, tribe
שֵׁ֫בֶט (she.vet) — tribe.
: tribe
1) rod, staff, branch, offshoot, club, sceptre, tribe
1a) rod, staff
1b) shaft (of spear, dart)
1c) club (of shepherd's implement)
1d) truncheon, sceptre (mark of authority)
1e) clan, tribe
שֵׁ֫בֶט (she.vet) — tribe: javelin.
: javelin
1) rod, staff, branch, offshoot, club, sceptre, tribe
1a) rod, staff
1b) shaft (of spear, dart)
1c) club (of shepherd's implement)
1d) truncheon, sceptre (mark of authority)
1e) clan, tribe
שֵׁ֫בֶט (she.vet) — tribe: ruler.
: ruler
1) rod, staff, branch, offshoot, club, sceptre, tribe
1a) rod, staff
1b) shaft (of spear, dart)
1c) club (of shepherd's implement)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מָשַׁל (mashal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rule or have dominion. It can refer to human authority, the dominion of heavenly bodies, or God's sovereignty. The word has a Qal form indicating direct rule and a Hiphil form that implies causing someone to rule or exercising dominion.
מָשַׁל vb. rule, have dominion, reign
Qal
human subj., rule, have dominion over
of heavenly bodies
of God
Hiph. cause to rule; exercise dominion
base
H4910 מָשַׁל rule, have dominion, reign .. human subj., rule, have dominion over
. of heavenly bodies
. of God
. cause to rule; exercise dominion
4910 mashal maw-shal'
a primitive root; to rule:--(have, make to have) dominion,
governor, X indeed, reign, (bear, cause to, have)
rule(-ing, -r), have power.
מָשַׁל (ma.shal) — to rule.
1) to rule, have dominion, reign
1a) (Qal) to rule, have dominion
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to rule
1b2) to exercise dominion
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine pluralHVqrmpa
→ (Appointed and removed by God)
→ See GOVERNMENT, GOD IN
→ Chastised Da 4
→ See NATION
→ Monarchical
See KINGS
→ Patriarchal Ge 27:29,37
→ INSTANCES OF
Nimrod Ge 10:8-10
Abraham Ge 14:13-24; 17:6; 21:21-32
Melchizedek Ge 14:18
Isaac Ge 26:26-31
Judah Ge 38:24
Heads of families Ex 6:14
Ishmael Ge 17:20
Esau, and the dukes of Edom Ge 36
Theocratic
See GOVERNMENT