Genesis 6:14 — Word Study
WLCעֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ תֵּבַ֣ת עֲצֵי־ גֹ֔פֶר קִנִּ֖ים תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֶת־ הַתֵּבָ֑ה וְכָֽפַרְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֛הּ מִבַּ֥יִת וּמִח֖וּץ בַּכֹּֽפֶר׃
BSAMakeʻâsâh an arktêbâh [a large boat, vessel of safety] of gophergôpher△ woodʻêts [possibly cypress, a durable tree] makeʻâsâh▸ ◂roomsqên [nests, compartments] inʼêth the arktêbâh and coatkâphar [cover, seal] with pitchkôpher [a waterproofing substance, tar] insidebayith [within] and outchûwts [outside, externally]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עֲשֵׂ֤ה | make | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine singular |
| לְךָ֙ | for yourself | Preposition, suffix |
| תֵּבַ֣ת | an ark of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| עֲצֵי־ | wood of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| גֹ֔פֶר | gopher | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| קִנִּ֖ים | nests | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה | you will make | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| הַתֵּבָ֑ה | the ark | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וְכָֽפַרְתָּ֥ | and you will cover | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect second person masculine singular |
| אֹתָ֛הּ | the object marker it | Particle, suffix |
| מִבַּ֥יִת | from inside | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וּמִח֖וּץ | and from outside | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| בַּכֹּֽפֶר׃ | with pitch | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; make rooms in the ark and coat it with pitch inside and out. |
| KJV | ¶ Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch. |
| ASV | Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch. |
| YLT | 'Make for thyself an ark of gopher-wood; rooms dost thou make with the ark, and thou hast covered it within and without with cypress; |
| WEB | Make a ship of gopher wood. You shall make rooms in the ship, and shall seal it inside and outside with pitch. |
| BBE | Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood with rooms in it, and make it safe from the water inside and out. |
Where they part company is גֹפֶר — see How Translations Differ.
The main command is followed by two additional instructions, creating a clear sequence of actions.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbעָשָׂה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 14 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 6:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Instructions to Noahgenerated
Genesis 6:14 is part of the narrative where God commands Noah to prepare for the coming flood by building an ark. This command emphasizes the importance of obedience and preparation for salvation amidst judgment. The detailed instructions reflect God's care and provision for Noah and his family, as well as the animals that would be saved.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Matthew 24:38 | For in the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, up to the day Noah entered the ark. |
| 2 | Luke 17:27 | People were eating and drinking, marrying and being given in marriage, up to the day Noah entered the ark. Then the flood came and destroyed them all. |
| 3 | 1 Peter 3:20 | who disobeyed long ago when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built. In the ark a few people, only eight souls, were saved through water. |
| 4 | Exodus 2:3 | But when she could no longer hide him, she got him a papyrus basket and coated it with tar and pitch. Then she placed the child in the basket and set it among the reeds along the bank of the Nile. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — גֹפֶר, Go.fergenerated
The word גֹפֶר (gofer) refers to a type of wood, likely cypress, used in the construction of Noah's ark. The exact nature of this wood is uncertain, but it was durable enough for the ark's construction.
This term appears only once in the Hebrew Bible, indicating a specific material chosen for its strength and reliability in the face of the impending flood. Its use in this context highlights the significance of the ark as a vessel of safety.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb עֲשֵׂ֤ה (make) governs the entire verse, with several clauses detailing what Noah is to do: create an ark, make rooms, and coat it with pitch. The structure emphasizes the sequential nature of these commands.
Each clause builds upon the previous one, providing a clear and organized set of instructions. The use of imperative verbs indicates direct commands, underscoring the urgency and importance of Noah's task.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עֲשֵׂ֤ה as ποίησον (poieson), which also means to make or do. This choice reflects the same imperative command found in the Hebrew.
For גֹפֶר, the Septuagint uses τετραγώνων, indicating a possible interpretation rather than a direct translation. This may suggest a broader understanding of the material used for the ark.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 6:14 tells us that God instructed Noah to build an ark from gopher wood. He was to create compartments in the ark and cover it with pitch both inside and outside. This was to ensure the ark's durability and safety in preparation for the flood.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The ark represents a means of salvation for Noah, his family, and the animals, symbolizing God's provision and protection during the flood.
Gopher wood is noted for its durability, suggesting that God provided specific instructions to ensure the ark's strength against the floodwaters.
Coating the ark with pitch served as a waterproofing measure, ensuring that the vessel would remain buoyant and safe during the flood.
This verse is pivotal in the narrative as it marks the beginning of Noah's obedience to God's command, setting the stage for the events of the flood.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What steps can I take to prepare for challenges in my life, similar to how Noah prepared for the flood?
- How does understanding the materials used in the ark enhance my view of God's provision?
- In what ways can I apply the concept of obedience seen in Noah's actions to my own life?
- What does the ark symbolize for me in terms of safety and salvation?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early Church Fathers have commented on the significance of Noah's ark. Where they quote or argue from this verse, their insights are provided here.
We read in Genesis that the ark that Noah built was three hundred cubits long, fifty cubits wide and thirty cubits high. Notice the mystical significance of the numbers.Early Church Fathers on Genesis 6 →
Make for yourself an ark of square wooden planks. For the square planks, we read it is coated with pitch in Hebrew.Early Church Fathers on Genesis 6 →
Undoubtedly the ark is a symbol of the city of God on its pilgrimage in history. It is a figure of the church that was saved by the wood on which there hung the “Mediator between God and men, himself man,Early Church Fathers on Genesis 6 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 6:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleMake thee an ark of Gopher wood,.... It is not called a ship, for it was not made for sailing to any distant parts, but an ark or chest, being like one, flat bottomed, and ridged and sloping upwards,
Read John Gill on Genesis 6 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMake thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 6 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAn ark; a little ship made in the form of an ark or chest, but probably sloping at the bottom for the convenience of navigation, as it was for another reason sloping at the top. Gopher wood: this word is but once used in Scripture, and therefore it is diversely rendered by the learned; by some pine, by many cedar, but by others cypress, a tree very proper and usual for ships, and of a firm and durable substance, and much abounding in those parts; all which appears from ancient authors. With pitch; or rather, with some kind of bitumen, of the same nature and use with pitch, to cement the parts of the ark together, and to preserve it from the injuries of the sun, and water, and worms; but…
Read Matthew Poole on Genesis 6 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsGenesis 6:14 Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.Ver. 14. Make thee an ark.] Or chest, or coffin. And indeed by the description here set down, the ark, in shape, was like to a coffin for a man’ s body, six times so long as it was broad, and ten times so long as it was high: and so fit to figure out, saith an interpreter, Christ’ s death and burial, and ours with him, by mortification of the old man: as the apostle applies this type to baptism, whereby we are become "dead" and "buried with Christ". The poets’ ship, "Argos," may have reference to this ark. Mr Ainsworth.
Read John Trapp on Genesis 6 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(14) Make thee an ark.—Têbâh, a word so archaic that scholars neither know its derivation, nor even to what language it belongs. It is certain, however, that it was an oblong box, not capable of sailing, but intended merely to float. In the Chaldean account of the deluge, the language everywhere is that of a maritime people: the history in Genesis is as plainly the work of a people living inland. Of gopher wood.—Heb., trees (or beams) of gopher This is also a word which occurs nowhere else, but means the cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), a tall, upright evergreen tree, of great durability, and anciently much valued for shipbuilding. Rooms.—Literally, nests, small cells or cabins, arranged…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Genesis 6 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 14. Make thee an ark] תבת tebath, a word which is used only to express this vessel, and that in which Moses was preserved, Exodus 2:3; Exodus 2:5. It signifies no more than our word vessel in its common acceptation - a hollow place capable of containing persons, goods, c., without any particular reference to shape or form. Gopher wood] Some think the cedar is meant others, the cypress. Bochart renders this probable, 1. From the appellation, supposing the Greek word κυπαρισσος, cypress, was formed from the Hebrew גפר, gopher; for take away the termination ισσος, and then gopher and κυπαρ will have a near resemblance. 2. Because the cypress is not liable to rot, nor to be injured by…
Read AdamClarke on Genesis 6 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges14. an ark] The word here used, tκbβh, is only found in this passage and in Exodus 2:3-5. It is of foreign origin; according to some, an Egyptian word; according to others, derived from the Assyrian. LXX κιβωτός, Lat. arca, which our translators adopted and transliterated. The “ark” of the Covenant (e.g. Exodus 25:10) is another Heb. word, ’arτn, but unfortunately rendered also by LXX κιβωτός, Lat. arca. gopher wood] A word only used here. “Gopher” is said to be a resinous coniferous tree, possibly the “cypress” (cuparissus), to which word it may be akin. The versions, not realizing that it was a botanical description, made wild guesses at the meaning. Thus LXX ἐκξύλωντετραγώνων = “of…
Read Cambridge on Genesis 6 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible14. Make thee an ark — ϊαδ, a word applied only to the structure built by Noah and to the little papyrus vessel made by the mother of Moses, (Exodus 2:3,) and like this, “daubed with slime and with
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 6 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; make rooms in the ark and coat it with pitch inside and out.
Make a ship of gopher wood. You shall make rooms in the ship, and shall seal it inside and outside with pitch.
Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; make rooms in the ark and coat it with pitch inside and out.
Make for yourself an ark of cypress wood. Make rooms in the ark, and cover it with pitch inside and out.
Tyndale line
¶ Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.
Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.
Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.
Make thee an ark of gopher-wood: rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.
Make thee an Arke of pine trees: thou shalt make cabines in the Arke, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.
Strictly literal
Make thyself an ark of gopher wood: [with] cells shalt thou make the ark; and pitch it inside and outside with pitch.
'Make for thyself an ark of gopher-wood; rooms dost thou make with the ark, and thou hast covered it within and without with cypress;
Make an ark of gopher-wood for yourself; you make rooms within the Ark, and you have covered it from inside and from outside with pitch;
Make thee an ark of gopher-wood, rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.
Make for yourself an ark of cypress wood. Make rooms in the ark, and cover it with pitch within and without.
From the Latin
Make thee an ark of timber planks: thou shalt make little rooms in the ark, and thou shalt pitch it within and without.
Simplified
Build an ark out of cypress wood. Make rooms inside the ark, and coat it with tar, both inside and out.
Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood with rooms in it, and make it safe from the water inside and out.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Samaritan Pentateuch agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word, affirming the consistency of the instruction. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain partial restorations, but the essential commands match the Masoretic Text.
עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ תֵּבַ֣ת עֲצֵי־ גֹ֔פֶר קִנִּ֖ים תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֶת־ הַתֵּבָ֑ה וְכָֽפַרְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֛הּ מִבַּ֥יִת וּמִח֖וּץ בַּכֹּֽפֶר׃
13 of the 14 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
עשׂה לך תבת עצי גפר קנים תעשׂה את התבה וכפרת אתה מבית ומחוץ בכפר
Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.
[עשה] [ל׳ך] [תבת] [עצי] [גפר] [קנים] [תעשה] [את] [התבה] [וכפרת] [את׳ה] [מבית] ומחוץ [בכפר]
nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 13 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 6:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
V-Qal-Impv-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singularHVqv2ms
ךָּ (ka) — you.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular
HRd/Sp2ms — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp2ms
תֵּבָה (tebah) means 'ark' and refers to a box or chest. It is notably used for the vessel Noah built and the basket that held Moses. The word may derive from a foreign source, but its primary meaning is consistent across entries.
תֵּבָה n.f. ark (prop. chest, box)
base
H8392 תֵּבָה ark
8392 tebah tay-baw'
perhaps of foreign derivation; a box:--ark.
תֵּבָה (te.vah) — ark.
1) ark
1a) vessel which Noah built
1b) basket vessel in which Moses was placed
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֵץ (ets) refers to a tree or wood, encompassing various forms such as timber, sticks, and planks. It can denote both singular and plural trees, as well as specific uses like gallows and firewood. The word is derived from a root meaning firmness, indicating its solid nature.
עֵץ 329 n.m. tree, trees, wood
(c. 150 t.)
a standing tree
coll. trees
(c. 175 t.; c. 120 t. pl., to denote pieces [or articles] of wood)
base
H6086 עֵץ tree, trees, wood . (c. 150 t.) . a standing tree
. coll. trees
. (c. 175 t.; c. 120 t. pl., to denote pieces [or articles] of wood)
6086 `ets ates
from 6095; a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural
sticks):--+ carpenter, gallows, helve, + pine, plank, staff,
stalk, stick, stock, timber, tree, wood.
see HEBREW for 06095
עֵץ (ets) — tree: wood.
: wood
1) tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalk, stick, gallows
1a) tree, trees
1b) wood, pieces of wood, gallows, firewood, cedar-wood, woody flax
עֵץ (ets) — tree.
: tree
1) tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalk, stick, gallows
1a) tree, trees
1b) wood, pieces of wood, gallows, firewood, cedar-wood, woody flax
עֵץ (ets) — tree: stick.
: stick/log
1) tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalk, stick, gallows
1a) tree, trees
1b) wood, pieces of wood, gallows, firewood, cedar-wood, woody flax
עֵץ (ets) — tree: stake.
: stake/shaft
1) tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalk, stick, gallows
1a) tree, trees
1b) wood, pieces of wood, gallows, firewood, cedar-wood, woody flax
עֵץ (ets) — tree: carpenter.
: carpenter/wood(worker)
1) tree, wood, timber, stock, plank, stalk, stick, gallows
1a) tree, trees
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
גֹּ֫פֶר (gopher) refers to a type of wood, likely cypress, used in the construction of Noah's ark, as mentioned in Genesis 6:14. The exact nature of this wood is uncertain, with some sources noting it may come from an unused root meaning 'to house in.' There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
גֹּ֫פֶר n.[m.] gopher, only in Gn 6:14 wood of which the ark was made
ref
H1613 גֹּ֫פֶר gopher, wood of which the ark was made
1613 gopher go'-fer
from an unused root, probably meaning to house in; a kind of
tree or wood (as used for building), apparently the cypress:--
gopher.
גֹּ֫פֶר (go.pher) — gopher.
1) cypress?, gopher, gopher wood
1a) wood of which the ark was made
1b) meaning and exact type unknown
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Gopher
A tree from the wood of which Noah was directed to build the ark (Gen. 6:14). It is mentioned only there. The LXX. render this word by “squared beams,” and the Vulgate by “planed wood.” Other versions have rendered it “pine” and “cedar;” but the weight of authority is in favour of understanding by it the cypress tree, which grows abundantly in Chaldea and Armenia.
(pitch) wood. Only once mentioned -- (Genesis 6:14) Two principal conjectures have been proposed -- That the "trees of gopher" are any trees of the resinous kind, such as pine, fir, etc. That Gopher is cypress.
The name of the wood of which the ark was built. Many suppose it to be the cypress; others, the pine. Gopher may probably be a general name for such trees as abound with resinous inflammable juices, as the cedar, cypress, fir-tree, pine, etc., Ge 6:14.
קֵן (qen) means 'nest' in Hebrew, specifically referring to a bird's nest. It can also denote cells resembling nests, as seen in Noah's ark. The word is derived from a root meaning to be fixed, and it can figuratively refer to a dwelling or chamber.
קֵן n.m. nest
nest, of bird
cells, like nests, in Noah’s ark
base
H7064 קֵן nest . nest, of bird
. cells, like nests, in Noah’s ark
7064 qen kane
contracted from 7077; a nest (as fixed), sometimes including
the nestlings; figuratively, a chamber or dwelling:--nest,
room.
see HEBREW for 07077
קֵן (qen) — nest.
1) nest
1a) nest (of bird)
1b) cells (like nests in Noah's ark)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singularHVqi2ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
DirObjM | Suff — ParticleHTo
תֵּבָה (tebah) means 'ark' and refers to a box or chest. It is notably used for the vessel Noah built and the basket that held Moses. The word may derive from a foreign source, but its primary meaning is consistent across entries.
תֵּבָה n.f. ark (prop. chest, box)
base
H8392 תֵּבָה ark
8392 tebah tay-baw'
perhaps of foreign derivation; a box:--ark.
תֵּבָה (te.vah) — ark.
1) ark
1a) vessel which Noah built
1b) basket vessel in which Moses was placed
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
see ARK OF BULRUSHES; ARK OF THE COVENANT; ARK OF NOAH
Ark
Noah’s ark, a building of gopher-wood, and covered with pitch, 300 cubits long, 50 cubits broad, and 30 cubits high (Gen. 6:14-16); an oblong floating house of three stories, with a door in the side and a window in the roof. It was 100 years in building (Gen. 5:32; 7:6). It was intended to preserve certain persons and animals from the deluge which God was about to bring over the earth. It contained eight persons (Gen. 7:13; 2 Pet. 2:5), and of all “clean” animals seven pairs, and of “unclean” one pair, and of birds seven pairs of each sort (Gen. 7:2, 3). It was in the form of an oblong square, with flat bottom and…
The Hebrew word כִּפֶּר (kaphar) is built from a root meaning 'to cover.' It encompasses a range of meanings including to atone, pacify, and make propitiation, often in a legal or ritual context. The word also appears in a more literal sense, such as covering with pitch. There is a distinction between its uses in different grammatical forms, indicating various nuances in meaning.
כִּפֶּר vb. Pi. etc. denom. cover over (fig.), pacify, make propitiation
Pi.
cover over, pacify, propitiate
cover over, atone for sin, without sacrifice
cover over, atone for sin and persons by legal rites
Pu. be covered over, atoned for
Hithp. the iniquity of the house of Eli shall not be covered by peace-offering or minchah
Niph. and the blood shall be covered for them
base
כָּפַר vb. denom. Gn 6:14 and thou shalt pitch it with pitch (P).
ref
H3722a כִּפֶּר vb. denom. cover over (fig.), pacify, make propitiation H3722b כָּפַר vb. denom. and thou shalt pitch it with pitch
3722 kaphar kaw-far'
a primitive root; to cover (specifically with bitumen);
figuratively, to expiate or condone, to placate or cancel:--
appease, make (an atonement, cleanse, disannul, forgive, be
merciful, pacify, pardon, purge (away), put off, (make)
reconcile(-liation).
כִּפֶּר (ki.pher) — to atone.
1) to cover, purge, make an atonement, make reconciliation
1a) (Piel)
1a1) to cover over, pacify, propitiate
1a2) to cover over, atone for sin, make atonement for
1a3) to cover over, atone for sin and persons by legal rites
1b) (Pual)
1b1) to be covered over
1b2) to be atoned for
1c) (Hithpael) to be covered
כָּפַר (ka.phar) — to cover.
(Qal) to coat or cover with pitch
Conj | V-Qal-2ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine singularHc/Vqq2ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo/Sp3fs — Particle · suffixHTo/Sp3fs
The Hebrew word בַּיִת (*bayith*) means 'house' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including dwelling, family, and place. It can refer to physical structures, such as homes and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like the body or household affairs. The word is built from the root related to 'between' and appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament.
בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between
base
בַּ֫יִת 2034 n.m. house
house
place
receptacle
of house as containing a family
household, family (592 t.)
house, including household affairs
lit. housewards, hence metaph. inwards
מִבַּיִת
adv. on the inside
prep. within
base
H1004a בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between H1004b בַּ֫יִת house
1004 bayith bah'-yith
probably from 1129 abbreviated; a house (in the greatest
variation of applications, especially family, etc.):--court,
daughter, door, + dungeon, family, + forth of, X great as
would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter)house(-hold),
inside(-ward), palace, place, + prison, + steward, + tablet,
temple, web, + within(-out).
see HEBREW for 01129
בֵּית (bet) — place.
nm
place, origin, between
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — house: home.
: home/temple/building
nm
1) house
1a) house, dwelling habitation
1b) shelter or abode of animals
1c) human bodies (fig.)
1d) of Sheol
1e) of abode of light and darkness
1f) of land of Ephraim
2) place
3) receptacle
4) home, house as containing a family
5) household, family
5a) those belonging to the same household
5b) family of descendants, descendants as organized body
6) household affairs
7) inwards (metaph.)
8) (TWOT) temple
adv
9) on the inside
prep
10) within
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(ashbea).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with ash.be.a (אַשְׁבֵּעַ "Ashbea" H0791)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth (Haggan).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with hag (גַּן "Haggan" H1588)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(togarmah).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
חוּץ (chuwts) refers to the concept of being outside or outward, often associated with streets or highways. It is derived from a root meaning to sever, indicating separation by a wall. The term covers various contexts, including outdoors and fields.
חוּץ n.[m.] the outside, sts., esp. in pl., spec. a street
base
H2351 חוּץ
2351 chuwts khoots
or (shortened) chuts {khoots}; (both forms feminine in the
plural) from an unused root meaning to sever; properly,
separate by a wall, i.e. outside, outdoors:--abroad, field,
forth, highway, more, out(-side, -ward), street, without.
חוּץ (chuts) — outside.
outside, outward, street, the outside
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/R/Ncmsa
כֹּפֶר (kofer) has several meanings, including 'ransom' or 'price of a life,' 'pitch' (as in bitumen), 'henna' (a plant), and 'village.' It is derived from a root meaning 'cover.' The word appears in contexts related to redemption and construction, notably in Genesis 6:14 and 1 Samuel 6:18.
ref
כֹּ֫פֶר n.m. name of a plant, El Ḥenna
base
כֹּפֶר n.[m.] village;—only sg. cstr. 1 S 6:18
ref
H3724a כֹּפֶר the price of a life, ransom H3724b כֹּ֫פֶר pitch H3724c כֹּ֫פֶר name of a plant H3724d כֹּפֶר village
3724 kopher ko'-fer
from 3722; properly, a cover, i.e. (literally) a village (as
covered in); (specifically) bitumen (as used for coating), and
the henna plant (as used for dyeing); figuratively, a
redemption-price:--bribe, camphire, pitch, ransom,
satisfaction, sum of money, village.
see HEBREW for 03722
כֹּפֶר (ko.pher) — ransom.
price of a life, ransom, bribe
כֹּ֫פֶר (ko.pher) — pitch.
asphalt, pitch (as a covering)
כֹּ֫פֶר (ko.pher) — henna.
the henna plant, name of a plant (henna?)
כֹּפֶר (ko.pher) — village.
village
Another spelling of ka.phar (כָּפָר "village" H3723H)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
pich: The translation of the noun kopher, and the verb kaphar, in Ge 6:14 and of the noun zepheth, in Ex 2:3; Isa 34:9. In Ge 6:14 the words are the ordinary forms for "covering," "cover," so that the translation "pitch" is largely guesswork, aided by the Septuagint, which reads asphaltos, "bitumen," here, and by the fact that pitch is a usual "covering" for vessels. The meaning of zepheth, however, is fixed by the obvious Dead Sea imagery of Isa 34:9-15--the streams and land of Edom are to become burning bitumen, like the sites of Sodom and Gomorrah. In Ex 2:3 zepheth…
Pitch
(Gen. 6:14), asphalt or bitumen in its soft state, called “slime” (Gen. 11:3; 14:10; Ex. 2:3), found in pits near the Dead Sea (q.v.). It was used for various purposes, as the coating of the outside of vessels and in building. Allusion is made in Isa. 34:9 to its inflammable character. (See SLIME.)
The three Hebrew words so translated all represent the same object, viz., mineral pitch or asphalt in its different aspects. Asphalt is an opaque, inflammable substance which bubbles up from subterranean fountains in a liquid state, and hardens by exposure to the air, but readily melts under the influence of heat. In the latter state it is very tenacious, and was used as a cement in lieu of mortar in Babylonia ((Genesis 11:3) as well as for coating the outside of vessels, (Genesis 6:14) and particularly for making the papyrus boats of the Egyptians water-tight. (Exodus 2:3) The jews and Arabians got their supply in large quantities from the Dead Sea, which hence received its classical name of Lacus Asphaltites .
Ge 6:14 Ex 2:3, translated "slime" in Ge 11:3 14:10, is properly bitumen or asphaltum, anciently found on and near the Dead Sea, which was hence called the lake Asphaltities. It abounded in the vicinity of Babylon, and was used as fuel. The ark of Noah and that of Moses were rendered waterproof by it; and the bricks of the tower of Babel were cemented with it. It is commonly found in a solid state; but being liquefied by heat, and used as a mortar, it becomes as hard as the rocks it cements together. It is still thrown up by earthquakes from the bottom of the Dead Sea, and floats to the shore sometimes in large masses. See SEA 3.