Genesis 36:3 — Word Study
WLCוְאֶת־ בָּשְׂמַ֥ת בַּת־ יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל אֲח֥וֹת נְבָיֽוֹת׃
BSAand BasemathBosmath [Ishmael’s daughter, the Arab woman] daughterbath [a female child or woman] of IshmaelYishmâʻêʼl [God will hear, Abraham's son] and sisterʼâchôwth [a biological sibling or close relative] of NebaiothNᵉbâyôwth [the son of Ishmael, the name of the country where he settled]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| בָּשְׂמַ֥ת | Basemath | Noun proper feminine |
| בַּת־ | [the] daughter of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל | Ishmael | Noun proper masculine |
| אֲח֥וֹת | [the] sister of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| נְבָיֽוֹת׃ | Nebaioth | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | and Basemath daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth. |
| KJV | And Bashemath Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebajoth. |
| ASV | and Basemath Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebaioth. |
| YLT | and Bashemath daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebajoth. |
| WEB | and Basemath, Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebaioth. |
| BBE | And Basemath, Ishmael's daughter, the sister of Nebaioth. |
Where they part company is בָּשְׂמַ֥ת — see How Translations Differ.
This verse is structured as a list of familial relationships, with a main clause followed by two identifying phrases.
4 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Whedon & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 36:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Esaugenerated
Genesis 36:3 provides a brief account of Esau's wives, highlighting Basemath's lineage as the daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth. This genealogy is significant as it connects Esau to the broader narrative of the descendants of Abraham, showcasing the interrelations among the families of the patriarchs and their descendants.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 25:13 | These are the names of the sons of Ishmael in the order of their birth: Nebaioth the firstborn of Ishmael, then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, |
| 2 | Genesis 28:9 | Esau went to Ishmael and married Mahalath, the sister of Nebaioth and daughter of Abraham’s son Ishmael, in addition to the wives he already had. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — בָּשְׂמַ֥ת, ba.se.Matgenerated
The name בָּשְׂמַ֥ת (Basemath) is a proper noun referring to a woman in the Old Testament, specifically a wife of Esau and the daughter of Ishmael. The name is associated with fragrance or spice, reflecting cultural significance in naming.
As a noun, it is feminine and indicates a specific individual within the genealogical context. The parsing shows it as a proper name, indicating its importance within the lineage of the patriarchs.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb is absent in this genealogical structure, as it primarily lists names and relationships. The sentence is a straightforward enumeration of familial ties, typical in genealogical accounts.
The structure comprises noun phrases, with each phrase identifying a person: בָּשְׂמַ֥ת (Basemath), ישׁמעאל (Ishmael), and נְבָיֽוֹת (Nebaioth), indicating their relationships clearly.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates בָּשְׂמַ֥ת as βασεμμαθ, maintaining the name's integrity in Greek. This shows continuity in the identification of Basemath across both Hebrew and Greek texts.
The Greek rendering does not alter the meaning but preserves the cultural context, indicating the importance of these familial ties in the narrative.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 36:3 tells us that Basemath is the daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth. This verse is part of the genealogy of Esau, showing the connections between the families of the patriarchs.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Basemath was the daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth, and she was one of Esau's wives.
The name Basemath is associated with fragrance or spice.
The genealogy highlights the connections between the descendants of Abraham and the unfolding narrative of the patriarchs.
Basemath is directly identified as Ishmael's daughter, linking her to the broader family tree of Abraham.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What significance do you see in the genealogies presented in the Bible?
- How do the names in this verse reflect the cultural context of the time?
- What can we learn about family relationships from the genealogies in Genesis?
- How does understanding the lineage of characters enhance our reading of the biblical narrative?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 36:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Bashemath, Ishmael's daughter, sister of Nebaioth,.... The eldest son of Ishmael, see Genesis 28:9; called there Mahalath.
Read John Gill on Genesis 36 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Bashemath Ishmael's daughter, sister of Nebajoth. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 36 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) Bashemath Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebajoth.—The Samaritan text reads Mahalath here, and in Genesis 36:4; Genesis 36:10; Genesis 36:17, as in Genesis 28:9. There can be little doubt that Mahalath is the right reading, but the versions, nevertheless, agree with the Masoretic Hebrew text, so that the error must have been of very ancient date. As Mahalath was of a Semitic stock, she would have her own Semitic name, and there would be no double translation of it, as in the case of the daughter of Elon.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Genesis 36 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleESAU’S WIVES AND , AND THEIR REMOVAL TO MOUNT SEIR, Genesis 36:1-8. A comparison of the names of Esau’s wives, as given here and in Genesis 26:34; Genesis 28:9, will show noticeable differences. Here we have:1.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 36 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
and Basemath daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth.
and Basemath, Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebaioth.
and Basemath daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth.
in addition to Basemath the daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth.
Tyndale line
And Bashemath Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebajoth.
and Basemath Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebaioth.
and Basemath Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebaioth.
And Bashemath, Ishmael's daughter, sister of Nebajoth.
And tooke Basemath Ishmaels daughter, sister of Nebaioth.
Strictly literal
and Basmath Ishmael's daughter, the sister of Nebaioth.
and Bashemath daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebajoth.
and Bashemath daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebajoth.
And Bahsemath Ishmael's daughter, the sister of Nebayoth.
and Basemath, Ishmael's daughter, sister of Nebaioth.
From the Latin
And Basemath the daughter of Ismael, sister of Nabajoth.
Simplified
In addition he married Basemath, daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth.
And Basemath, Ishmael's daughter, the sister of Nebaioth.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text matches the Septuagint word-for-word, indicating consistency in the transmission of this verse. However, the Samaritan Pentateuch differs by using מַחֲלַת (Mahalath) instead of בָּשְׂמַ֥ת, while the Dead Sea Scrolls retain בָּשְׂמַ֥ת but with some editorial additions.
וְאֶת־ בָּשְׂמַ֥ת בַּת־ יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל אֲח֥וֹת נְבָיֽוֹת׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ואת מחלת בת ישׁמעאל אחות נבאות
2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: מחלת (Mahalath), נבאות (Nebaioth)
[ואת] [בשמת] בת ישמעאל אחות נביות
4 words on the leather — 2 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 36:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
בָּֽשְׂמַת (Bosmath) refers to a name associated with two women in the Old Testament: a Hittite wife of Esau and a daughter of Solomon who married Ahimaaz. The word is linked to the concept of fragrance or spice. There is some variation in spelling, with references to both Bashemath and Basmath.
בָּֽשְׂמַת n.pr.f. (perfume?)
Hittite woman, a wife of Esau
daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz
base
H1315 בָּֽשְׂמַת (perfume?) . Hittite woman, a wife of Esau
. daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz
1315 Bosmath bos-math'
feminine of 1314 (the second form); fragrance; Bosmath, the
name of a wife of Esau, and of a daughter of Solomon:--
Bashemath, Basmath.
see HEBREW for 01314
בָּֽשְׂמַת (bos.mat) — Basemath.
A woman of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ki.4.15;
daughter of: Solomon (H8010);
sister of: Taphath (H2955) and Rehoboam (H7346); married to Ahimaaz (H0290I)
§ Bashemath or Basmath = "spice"
1) Hittite wife of Esau, daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebaioth
2) daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz, one of Solomon's commissariat officers
בָּֽשְׂמַת (bos.mat) — Basemath.
A woman living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.26.34;
daughter of: Elon (H0356); married to Esau (H6215);
mother of: Eliphaz (H0464); also called Basemath (KJV: Bashemath) at Gen.26.34;
Another name of a.dah (עָדָה "Adah" H5711H)
§ Bashemath or Basmath = "spice"
1) Hittite wife of Esau, daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebaioth
2) daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz, one of Solomon's commissariat officers
N-proper — Noun proper feminineHNpf
בַּת (bat) means 'daughter' and encompasses a range of meanings including female child, young women, and even personifications of cities or inhabitants. It can also refer to villages in certain contexts. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and is used in various figurative senses, such as 'branch' or 'apple of the eye.'
בַּת 587 n.f. daughter
daughter, female child
young women, women
with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants
pl. = villages, after name of city
in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.
ostrich
fig.
of vine = branch
as n. relat.
base
H1323 בַּת daughter . daughter, female child
. young women, women
. with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants
. pl. = villages, after name of city
. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.
. ostrich
. fig.
. of vine = branch
. as n. relat.
1323 bath bath
from 1129 (as feminine of 1121); a daughter (used in the same
wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and
figuratively):--apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter,
X first, X old, + owl, town, village.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01121
בַּת (bat) — daughter.
: daughter
1) daughter
1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin
1a1) as polite address
1a2) as designation of women of a particular place
2) young women, women
1a3) as personification
1a4) daughter-villages
1a5) description of character
Also means: bat (בַּת ": village" H1323H)
בַּת (bat) — daughter: village.
: village
1) daughter
1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin
1a1) as polite address
1a2) as designation of women of a particular place
2) young women, women
1a3) as personification
1a4) daughter-villages
1a5) description of character
בַּת (bat) — Bath (Shua).
A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.38.2;
daughter of: Shua (H7770); married to Judah (H3063);
mother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word יִשְׁמָעֵאל (*Yishma'el*) means 'God will hear' and refers primarily to Ishmael, the son of Abraham and Hagar. The entries detail various individuals named Ishmael, including a murderer of Gedaliah and several figures from the tribes of Benjamin and Judah. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings or references.
יִשְׁמָעֵאל 48 n.pr.m. (Ēl heareth)
son of Abraham and Hagar
murderer of Gedaliah
in Benj.
in Judah
Jew with foreign wife
base
H3458 יִשְׁמָעֵאל . son of Abraham and Hagar
. murderer of Gedaliah
. in Benj.
. in Judah
. Jew with foreign wife
3458 Yishma`e'l yish-maw-ale'
from 8085 and 410; God will hear; Jishmael, the name of
Abraham's oldest son, and of five Israelites:--Ishmael.
see HEBREW for 08085
see HEBREW for 0410
יִשְׁמָעֵאל (yish.ma.el) — Ishmael.
A man of Arabia living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.16.11;
son of: Abraham (H0085) and Hagar (H1904);
half-brother of: Isaac (H3327), Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744);
father of: Nebaioth (H5032), Kedar (H6938), Adbeel (H0110), Mibsam (H4017), Mishma (H4927), Dumah (H1746), Massa (H4854), Hadad (H2301), Tema (H8485), Jetur (H3195), Naphish (H5305), Kedemah (H6929) and Mahalath (H4258)
§ Ishmael = "God will hear"
1) son of Abraham and Sarah's handmaid Hagar and the progenitor of the Arabian peoples
2) son of Nethaniah and the murderer of Gedaliah
3) a Benjamite, one of the sons of Azel a descendant of Saul through Meribbaal or Mephibosheth
4) a Judaite, father of Zebadiah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Ishmael
God hears. (1.) Abraham’s eldest son, by Hagar the concubine (Gen. 16:15; 17:23). He was born at Mamre, when Abraham was eighty-six years of age, eleven years after his arrival in Canaan (16:3; 21:5). At the age of thirteen he was circumcised (17:25). He grew up a true child of the desert, wild and wayward. On the occasion of the weaning of Isaac his rude and wayward spirit broke out in expressions of insult and mockery (21:9, 10); and Sarah, discovering this, said to Abraham, “Expel this slave and her son.” Influenced by a divine admonition, Abraham dismissed Hagar and her son with no more than a skin of water and some bread. The narrative describing this act is one of the most beautiful and touching incidents of patriarchal life (Gen. 21:14-16). (See HAGAR.)
(whom God hears). The son of Abraham by Hagar the Egyptian his concubine; born when Abraham was fourscore and six years old. (Genesis 16:15,16) (B.C. 1910.) Ishmael was the first-born of his father. He was born in Abraham’s house when he dwelt in the plain of Mamre; and on the institution of the covenant of circumcision, was circumcised, he being then thirteen years old (Genesis 17:26) With the institution of the covenant, God renewed his promise respecting Ishmael. He does not again appear in the narrative until the weaning of Isaac. At the great feast made in celebration of the weaning, "Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she had borne unto Abraham, mocking," and urged Abraham to cast him and his mother out. Comforted by the renewal of God’s promise to make of…
1. Ge 16:1-16 21:1-34, son of Abraham and Hagar, B. C. 1910. He was at first regarded as "the son of the promise;" but after the birth and weaning of Isaac he was driven from his father’s house, at the age of about seventeen, and took with his mother the way to Egypt her native land. Overcome with heat and thirst, and then miraculously relieved, he remained in the wilderness of Paran, took a wife from Egypt, and was the father of twelve sons, heads of Arab tribes. He seems to have become on friendly terms with Isaac, and to have attended at the bedside of their dying father. At his own death, he was one hundred and thirty-seven years old, Ge 25:9,17.
God that hears
אָחוֹת (achowth) means 'sister' and can refer to a full sister, half-sister, or a relative. It is used both literally and figuratively, symbolizing relationships such as that of Israel and Judah, and can also imply intimacy or connection. The word is built from a feminine form related to other terms for kinship.
אָחוֹת 114 n.f. sister
sister
= beloved
symbol. of Judah, Samaria, Sodom & Jerusalem
fig. of intimate connection
another
base
H269 אָחוֹת sister
269 'achowth aw-khoth'
irregular feminine of 251; a sister (used very widely (like
250), literally and figuratively):--(an-)other, sister,
together.
see HEBREW for 0251
see HEBREW for 0250
אָחוֹת (a.chot) — sister.
1) sister
1a) sister (same parents)
1b) half-sister (same father)
1c) relative
1c1) (metaph) of Israel's and Judah's relationship
1d) beloved
1d1) bride
1e) (fig.) of intimate connection
1f) another
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נְבָיוֹת (Nbayoth) refers to the eldest son of Ishmael and the people descended from him, often associated with the Nabateans. The word is feminine plural, derived from a root meaning 'fruitfulnesses.' It appears in the context of Ishmael's lineage in Genesis 25:13.
נְבָיוֹת n.pr.gent. as (eldest) son of Ishmael (brother of Kedar)
base
H5032 נְבָיוֹת as (eldest) son of Ishmael (brother of Kedar)
5032 Nbayowth neb-aw-yoth'
or Nbayoth {neb-aw-yoth'}; feminine plural from 5107;
fruitfulnesses; Nebajoth, a son of Ismael, and the country
settled by him:--Nebaioth, Nebajoth.
see HEBREW for 05107
נְבָיוֹת (ne.va.vot) — Nebaioth.
A man of the Arabs living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.13;
son of: Ishmael (H3458);
brother of: Kedar (H6938), Adbeel (H0110), Mibsam (H4017), Mishma (H4927), Dumah (H1746), Massa (H4854), Hadad (H2301), Tema (H8485), Jetur (H3195), Naphish (H5305), Kedemah (H6929) and Mahalath (H4258)
§ Nebaioth or Nebajoth = "heights"
1) a son of Ishmael
2) people descended from1 called the Nabateans with their capital at Petra
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
ne-ba'-yoth, ne-bi'-oth (nabhayoth; Septuagint Nabaioth): Firstborn of Ishmael (Ge 25:13; 28:9; 36:3; 1Ch 1:29). Isa 60:7 mentions the tribe Nebaioth with Kedar, with an allusion to its pastoral nature: "the rams of Nebaioth" are to serve the ideal Zion as sacrificial victims. Again associated with Kedar, the name occurs frequently in Assyrian inscriptions. The tribe must have had a conspicuous place among the northern Arabs. Josephus, followed by Jerome, regarded Nebaioth as identical with the Nabateans, the great trading community and ally of Rome, whose capital and stronghold was Petra. This view is widely accepted, but the name "Nabatean" is spelled with a "T" (teth), and the interchange of "T" (teth) and "t" (taw)…
Nebaioth
Height. (1.) Ishmael’s eldest son (Gen. 25:13), and the prince of an Israelitish tribe (16). He had a sister, Mahalath, who was one of Esau’s wives (Gen. 28:9; 36:3).
(2.) The name of the Ishmaelite tribe descended from the above (Gen. 25:13,18). The “rams of Nebaioth” (Isa. 60:7) are the gifts which these wandering tribes of the desert would consecrate to God.
words; prophecies; buds