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Ezekiel 24:23 — Word Study

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WLCוּפְאֵרֵכֶ֣ם עַל־ רָאשֵׁיכֶ֗ם וְנַֽעֲלֵיכֶם֙ בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תִסְפְּד֖וּ וְלֹ֣א תִבְכּ֑וּ וּנְמַקֹּתֶם֙ בַּעֲוֹנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וּנְהַמְתֶּ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־ אָחִֽיו׃

BSAYour turbanspᵉʼêr [headdress, fancy head-dress] will remain onʻal your headsrôʼsh and your sandalsnaʻal on your feetregel You will notlôʼ mournçâphad [lament, express deep sadness] orlôʼ weepbâkâh [cry, shed tears] but you will waste awaymâqaq [rot, decay] because of your sinsʻâvôn [iniquity, moral evil] and you will groannâham [growl, make a low sound] amongʼêl yourselvesʼâch [one toward another, to each other]

Word
Listen & take awayEzekiel 24
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 23 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('a.Chiv) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ezekiel 24:23quick helps
In a sentenceEzekiel conveys a message of judgment, indicating that the people will not express their grief outwardly despite their inner turmoil.
Who is speakingEzekiel, the prophet, delivering God's message to the people.
Where we areIn a prophetic declaration, Ezekiel describes the consequences of sin and the emotional state of the people.
The hard wordמָקַק
Take awayThe people will suffer internally due to their sins, even as they maintain their outward appearances.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbסָפַד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ezekiel 24:23

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Judgment of Jerusalemgenerated

22Then you will do as I have done: You will not cover your lips or eat the bread of mourners.
23Your turbans will remain on your heads and your sandals on your feet. You will not mourn or weep, but you will waste away because of your sins, and you will groan among yourselves.
24‘Thus Ezekiel will be a sign for you; you will do everything that he has done. When this happens, you will know that I am the Lord GOD.’
25And you, son of man, know that on the day I take away their stronghold, their pride and joy—the desire of their eyes which uplifted their souls—and their sons and daughters as well,

Ezekiel 24:23 presents a stark image of the people's emotional state amid impending judgment. They are instructed not to mourn or weep, even as they face the consequences of their sins. This reflects a deeper spiritual condition, where outward expressions of grief are withheld, yet inward anguish remains. This passage is part of a broader narrative where Ezekiel serves as a sign to the people, illustrating the seriousness of their transgressions as seen in Ezekiel 24:24.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Ezekiel 4:17So they will lack food and water; they will be appalled at the sight of one another wasting away in their iniquity.
2Ezekiel 33:10Now as for you, son of man, tell the house of Israel that this is what they have said: ‘Our transgressions and our sins are heavy upon us, and we are wasting away because of them! How can we live?’
3Leviticus 26:39Those of you who survive in the lands of your enemies will waste away in their iniquity and will decay in the sins of their fathers.
4Isaiah 59:11We all growl like bears and moan like doves. We hope for justice, but find none, for salvation, but it is far from us.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

and mournIsaiah 59:11

The Key Word וּפְאֵרֵכֶם, u.fe.'e.re.Khemgenerated

The word פְּאֵר (pe'er) refers to a decorative head-dress or turban, suggesting a sense of beauty and ornamentation. Its use in this context indicates the people's maintained appearance despite the gravity of their situation. The parsing shows it as a noun in the plural form, indicating multiple turbans belonging to the people.

This noun emphasizes the contrast between their outward adornments and their inner turmoil. The term is derived from a root that pertains to embellishment, highlighting the superficiality of their situation.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the verse is understood through the series of clauses that follow the initial statement about turbans and sandals. The structure emphasizes the contrast between the people's external adornments and their internal state of decay.

The clauses unfold sequentially, describing the people's actions (or lack thereof) in relation to their sins, culminating in their groaning among one another. The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the actions of not mourning or weeping, reinforcing the emotional suppression they are experiencing.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates וּפְאֵרֵכֶם with ὑμῶν, which indicates a direct correspondence to the Hebrew term for turbans. This choice reflects the translators' understanding of the cultural significance of head-dresses in the context of mourning and judgment.

The Greek rendering does not expand on the decorative aspect of the turbans, focusing instead on the possession, which may suggest a different interpretive emphasis in the Greek tradition.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ezekiel 24:23 tells us that the people will keep their turbans and sandals on, not showing outward signs of mourning or weeping. Instead, they will suffer internally because of their sins and will groan to one another. This reflects their emotional state as they face judgment.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that they will not mourn or weep?

This indicates a state of denial or emotional suppression, where the people are instructed to refrain from expressing their grief outwardly, despite the weight of their sins.

Why is there an emphasis on turbans and sandals?

Turbans and sandals symbolize their status and identity. Maintaining these outward signs of normalcy contrasts sharply with their internal decay due to sin.

What does it mean to groan among themselves?

Groaning among themselves suggests a shared understanding of their plight, indicating that while they may not express their grief publicly, they are still aware of their suffering.

How does this passage relate to the overall message of Ezekiel?

This passage underscores the theme of judgment and the consequences of sin, a central message in Ezekiel's prophecies, where the external actions of the people do not align with their internal reality.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What are some ways I might be suppressing my emotions in difficult times, similar to how the people are instructed not to mourn?
  2. How can I ensure that my outward appearance reflects my inner state, especially in my relationship with God?
  3. In what ways can I support others who may be struggling with their own internal battles, as the people groan among themselves?
  4. What does this passage teach about the consequences of sin and the importance of acknowledging our struggles?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 24:23 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And your tires shall be upon your heads, and your shoes upon your feet..... As will be necessary while travelling, and when carrying captive to a foreign country, as now will be their case: ye shall

Read John Gill on Ezekiel 24 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And your tires shall be upon your heads, and your shoes upon your feet: ye shall not mourn nor weep; but ye shall pine away for your iniquities, and mourn one toward another.

Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 24 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

See ,17. Ye shall pine away; you shall languish with grief and secret sorrow, when you shall not dare to show it openly, lest you irritate your tyrannical masters, who will expect that nothing grieve you that rejoiceth them. For your iniquities; the punishment of your iniquities, which have made your land, city, temple, and families desolate and miserable. And mourn one toward another; in secret, Jew with Jew, you shall bewail what you durst not openly.

Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 24 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Ezekiel 24:23 And your tires [shall be] upon your heads, and your shoes upon your feet: ye shall not mourn nor weep; but ye shall pine away for your iniquities, and mourn one toward another.Ver. 23. But ye shall pine away for your iniquities.] Non tam stupidi prae maestitia, quam prae malitia stipites. This was long since threatened, and it is reserved to the last, as not the least of those dismal judgments. Oecolamp.

Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 24 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(23) Ye shall pine away.—In the tumult, distress, and captivity of the approaching judgment there would be no opportunity for the outward display of grief; but all the more should it press upon them inwardly, and, according to the terrible threatening of Lev 26:39, they should “pine away in their iniquity” in their enemies’ land. In the original the preposition is the same here as in Leviticus, “in your iniquity.”

Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 24 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

23. pine away for] in your iniquities; Ezekiel 33:10; Leviticus 26:39. mourn one towards] moan. The unparalleled severity of the stroke will paralyse grief and prevent it expressing itself.

Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 24 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

23. Ye shall not mourn nor weep — Does this mean that the people shall be stunned and speechless over the destruction of Jerusalem as was Ezekiel over the loss of his wife, or that they are forbidden

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 24 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Your turbans will remain on your heads and your sandals on your feet. You will not mourn or weep, but you will waste away because of your sins, and you will groan among yourselves.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Your turbans will be on your heads, and your sandals on your feet. You won’t mourn or weep; but you will pine away in your iniquities, and moan one toward another.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Your turbans will remain on your heads and your sandals on your feet. You will not mourn or weep, but you will waste away because of your sins, and you will groan among yourselves.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Your turbans will be on your heads and your sandals on your feet; you will not mourn or weep, but you will rot for your iniquities and groan among yourselves.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And your tires shall be upon your heads, and your shoes upon your feet: ye shall not mourn nor weep; but ye shall pine away for your iniquities, and mourn one toward another.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And your tires shall be upon your heads, and your shoes upon your feet: ye shall not mourn nor weep; but ye shall pine away in your iniquities, and moan one toward another.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And your tires shall be upon your heads, and your shoes upon your feet: ye shall not mourn nor weep; but ye shall pine away in your iniquities, and moan one toward another.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And your tires shall be upon your heads, and your shoes upon your feet: ye shall not mourn nor weep; but ye shall pine away for your iniquities, and mourn one towards another.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And your tyre shalbe vpon your heads, and your shooes vpon your feete: ye shall not mourne nor weepe, but ye shall pine away for your iniquities, and mourne one toward another.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

and your turbans shall be upon your heads, and your sandals upon your feet: ye shall not mourn nor weep; but ye shall waste away in your iniquities and moan one toward another.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And your bonnets [are] on your heads, And your shoes [are] on your feet, Ye do not mourn nor do ye weep, And ye have wasted away for your iniquities, And ye have howled one unto another.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And your headdresses [are] on your heads, || And your shoes [are] on your feet, || You do not mourn nor do you weep, || And you have wasted away for your iniquities, || And you have howled to one another.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And your bonnets shall be around your heads, and your shoes shall be on your feet: ye shall not mourn nor shall ye weep; but ye shall pine away in your iniquities, and groan, looking one at the other.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Instead, your turbans will be on your heads, and your sandals on your feet; you will not mourn nor weep, for you will melt away in your iniquities, and each man will groan for his brother.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

You shall have crowns on your heads, and shoes on your feet: you shall not lament nor weep, but you shall pine away for your iniquities, and every one shall sigh with his brother.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

You will keep your turbans on your heads and your sandals on your feet. You won't mourn or weep, but you will die inside because of your sins, and you will groan to one another.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And your head-dresses will be on your heads and your shoes on your feet: there will be no sorrow or weeping; but you will be wasting away in the punishment of your evil-doing, and you will be looking at one another in wonder.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וּandclausenoun phrase · subjectפְאֵרֵturbansכֶ֣םyourprepositional phrase · predicateעַל[will.be].onnoun phraseרָאשֵׁיheadsכֶ֗םyourוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectנַֽעֲלֵיsandalsכֶם֙yourprepositional phrase · predicateבְּ[willnoun phraseרַגְלֵיbe]כֶ֔םon.your.feetclauseadverbialלֹ֥אnotverbתִסְפְּד֖וּyou.must.lamentוְandclauseadverbialלֹ֣אnotverbתִבְכּ֑וּyou.must.weepוּandclauseverbנְמַקֹּתֶם֙you.will.rot.awayprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּinnoun phraseעֲוֺנֹ֣תֵיiniquitiesכֶ֔םyourוּandclauseverbנְהַמְתֶּ֖םyou.will.groannoun phrase · adverbialאִ֥ישׁeachprepositional phraseאֶלtonoun phraseאָחִֽיbrotherוhis

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely, with a word-by-word correspondence present throughout the verse. This consistency highlights the shared understanding of the text across these traditions.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וּפְאֵרֵכֶ֣ם עַל־ רָאשֵׁיכֶ֗ם וְנַֽעֲלֵיכֶם֙ בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תִסְפְּד֖וּ וְלֹ֣א תִבְכּ֑וּ וּנְמַקֹּתֶם֙ בַּעֲוֹנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וּנְהַמְתֶּ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־ אָחִֽיו׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וּפְאֵרֵכֶ֣םὑμῶνעַל־ἐπὶרָאשֵׁיכֶ֗םὑμῶνוְנַֽעֲלֵיכֶם֙ὑμῶνבְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֔םὑμῶνלֹ֥אοὔτεתִסְפְּד֖וּκόψησθεוְלֹ֣אμὴתִבְכּ֑וּκλαύσητεוּנְמַקֹּתֶם֙ἐντακήσεσθεבַּעֲוֹנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔םὑμῶνוּנְהַמְתֶּ֖םπαρακαλέσετεאִ֥ישׁἕκαστοςאֶל־τὸνאָחִֽיו׃αὐτοῦ

15 of the 15 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ezekiel 24:23פְּאֵרand turbansand turbans youפְּאֵרעַל[will be] o[will be] onעַלרֹאשׁheads yourheads yourרֹאשׁנַ֫עַלand sandalsand sandals youנַ֫עַלרֶ֫גֶל[will be] o[will be] on feרֶ֫גֶללֹאnotnotלֹאסָפַדyou must layou must lamentסָפַדלֹאand notand notלֹאבָּכָהyou must weyou must weepבָּכָהמָקַקand you wiland you will waמָקַקעָוֹןin iniquitiin iniquities yעָוֹןנָהַםand you wiland you will grנָהַםאִישׁeacheachאִישׁאֶלtotoאֶלאָחbrother hisbrother hisאָחפָּאַרto beautifto beautifyפָּאַרנָעַלto lockto lockנָעַלרָגַלto spyto spyרָגַלעַלheightheightעַלעָוָהto twistto twistעָוָהאֲבַדto destroyto destroyאֲבַדאֱנוֹשׁhumanhumanאֱנוֹשׁאִשָּׁהwomanwomanאִשָּׁהאָבfatherfatherאָביָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדנַ֫עַלsandalsandalנַ֫עַלשֵׁשׁalabasteralabasterשֵׁשׁכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאעֲטָרָהcrowncrownעֲטָרָהנָשִׂיאleaderleaderנָשִׂיאשְׂרוֹךְthongthongשְׂרוֹךְ
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 24:23

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
וּפְאֵרֵכֶ֣םu.fe.'e.re.Khem and turbans your H6287 Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This noun refers to a fancy head-dress or ornament, like a turban or bonnet. It is used in the Bible to describe decorative clothing. In the KJV, it is translated as 'beauty' or 'ornament'.
Amplified meaning
headdress, fancy head-dress
Tyndale gloss
headdress
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פְּאֵר (pe'er) refers to a head-dress or turban, possibly originating from an ornamental item. The term is associated with embellishments and beauty, suggesting a decorative function. It is derived from a related root, פָּאַר (pa'ar), which also pertains to adornment.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פְּאֵר n.m. head-dress, turban (? orig. ornament)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6287 פְּאֵר head-dress, turban (? orig. ornament)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6287 p'er peh-ayr'

from 6286; an embellishment, i.e. fancy head-dress:--beauty,

bonnet, goodly, ornament, tire.

see HEBREW for 06286

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פְּאֵר (pe.er) — headdress.

head-dress, ornament, turban

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-mp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HC/Ncmpc/Sp2mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
עַל־'al- [will be] on H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
רָאשֵׁיכֶ֗םra.shei.Khem heads your H7218 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
600× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means chief or prince, and is used to describe leaders in the Bible, such as in the book of 1 Samuel. It signifies a position of authority and importance.
Tyndale gloss
head
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֹאשׁ (ro'sh) means 'head' and encompasses various meanings related to position and rank. It can refer to the head of a person or animal, the top of a mountain, or a chief in various contexts, such as a city or nation. The word also signifies beginnings and sums, appearing in phrases related to enumeration. Additionally, it serves as a proper noun for 'Rosh,' a title for a chief or prince.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֹאשׁ 599 n.m.

(c. 230 t.) head, of human being

head, of animals

top (88 t.)

height, of stars

head = chief (man)

= chief (city)

chief nation

= chief (place, position)

= chief priest

= head of a family

head = front, leader's place

of time, beginning, of night watch

of things, river-heads

chief, choicest, best, of spices

head = division of army, company, band

= sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

other phr.

base

רֹאשׁ n.pr.gent. Rôsh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7218a רֹאשׁ . . (c. 230 t.) head, of human being

. head, of animals

. . top (88 t.)

. height, of stars

. . head = chief (man)

. = chief (city)

. chief nation

. = chief (place, position)

. = chief priest

. = head of a family

. . head = front, leader's place

. of time, beginning, of night watch

. of things, river-heads

. chief, choicest, best, of spices

. head = division of army, company, band

. = sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

. other phr.

H7218b רֹאשׁ n. pr. gent. Rôsh

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7218 ro'sh roshe

from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as

most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many

applications, of place, time, rank, itc.):--band, beginning,

captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company,

end, X every (man), excellent, first, forefront, ((be-))head,

height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), X lead, X poor,

principal, ruler, sum, top.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head.

: head

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — prince.

Rosh, a tite for a chief or prince

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: leader.

: leader

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: top.

: top/best

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp2mp
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
וְנַֽעֲלֵיכֶם֙ve.na.'a.lei.Khem and sandals your H5275 Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
22× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A sandal or shoe in biblical times, as mentioned in Exodus 12:11 and Deuteronomy 25:9. It was a symbol of ownership or marriage, and removing a sandal could signify refusal or separation, as seen in Ruth 4:7-8.
Tyndale gloss
sandal
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נַ֫עַל (na`al) refers to a sandal or shoe, derived from a root meaning related to a sandal tongue. The term can also symbolize occupancy, a refusal to marry, or something of little value. It appears in contexts discussing footwear, as noted in the Brown-Driver-Briggs and Strong's entries.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נַ֫עַל n.f. sandal, shoe

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5275 נַ֫עַל sandal, shoe

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5275 na`al nah'-al

or (feminine) na;alah {nah-al-aw'}; from 5274; properly, a

sandal tongue; by extens. a sandal or slipper (sometimes as a

symbol of occupancy, a refusal to marry, or of something

valueless):--dryshod, (pair of) shoe((-latchet), -s).

see HEBREW for 05274

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נַ֫עַל (na.al) — sandal.

sandal, shoe

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HC/Ncmpc/Sp2mp
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֔םbe.rag.lei.Khem [will be] on feet your H7272 Preposition · noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
247× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word also means a foot, like when God says he will tread on the wicked in Malachi 4:3. It's used to describe human and animal feet, as well as the base of objects like tables or idols.
Tyndale gloss
foot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֶ֫גֶל (regel) means 'foot' and can refer to a foot or leg in various contexts, including anthropomorphic references to God and other beings. It also implies steps or paces. The word is derived from a root meaning related to walking, and it appears in multiple forms, such as feet and paces.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֶ֫גֶל 247 n.f. foot

foot

three times (feet, paces)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7272 רֶ֫גֶל foot . foot

. three times (feet, paces)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7272 regel reh'-gel

from 7270; a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a

step; by euphem. the pudenda:--X be able to endure, X

according as, X after, X coming, X follow,

((broken-))foot((-ed, -stool)), X great toe, X haunt, X

journey, leg, + piss, + possession, time.

see HEBREW for 07270

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֶ֫גֶל (re.gel) — foot.

1) foot

1a) foot, leg

1b) of God (anthropomorphic)

1c) of seraphim, cherubim, idols, animals, table

1d) according to the pace of (with prep)

1e) three times (feet, paces)

Aramaic equivalent: re.gal (רְגַל "foot" H7271)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fd | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
HR/Ncfdc/Sp2mp
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
לֹ֥אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
תִסְפְּד֖וּtis.pe.Du you must lament H5594 Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew verb means to mourn or lament, often by tearing hair and beating breasts. It involves expressing deep sadness or grief, like wailing or lamenting. The KJV translates it as lament or mourn.
Amplified meaning
lament, express deep sadness
Tyndale gloss
to mourn
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סָפַד (sāphad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to wail or lament. It describes actions of grief, such as tearing hair and beating the breast, common in mourning practices. The word appears in various forms, including Qal (to wail) and Niphal (to be lamented). The entries consistently emphasize its connection to expressions of sorrow.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[סָפַד] vb. wail, lament

Qal wail, lament

Niph. they shall not be bewailed

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5594 סָפַד wail, lament

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5594 caphad saw-fad'

a primitive root; properly, to tear the hair and beat the

breasts (as Orientals do in grief); generally to lament; by

implication, to wail:--lament, mourn(-er), wail.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סָפַד (sa.phad) — to mourn.

1) to wail, lament, mourn

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to wail, lament

1a2) wailers (participle)

1b) (Niphal) to be lamented, be bewailed

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
HVqi2mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

la-ment'.

See MUSIC.

and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
וְלֹ֣אve.Lo' and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
תִבְכּ֑וּtiv.Ku you must weep H1058 Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
114× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To weep means to cry or shed tears, often in grief or sadness. In the Bible, weeping is a common expression of emotion, as seen in the stories of David and Jeremiah, who both wept bitterly in times of sorrow and repentance.
Amplified meaning
cry, shed tears
Tyndale gloss
to weep
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּכָה (bakah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to weep or bewail. It encompasses various forms of weeping, including expressions of grief, humiliation, or joy, and can denote lamentation or crying bitterly. The entries highlight its use in both the Qal and Piel stems, indicating different nuances of weeping.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּכָה 114 vb. weep, bewail

Qal

weep

weep bitterly

weep upon

bewail

in sense of burden, annoy with weeping

of penitent weeping

Pi. lament; bewail

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1058 בָּכָה weep, bewail

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1058 bakah baw-kaw'

a primitive root; to weep; generally to bemoan:--X at all,

bewail, complain, make lamentation, X more, mourn, X sore, X

with tears, weep.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּכָה (ba.khah) — to weep.

1) to weep, bewail, cry, shed tears

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to weep (in grief, humiliation, or joy)

1a2) to weep bitterly (with cognate acc.)

1a3) to weep upon (embrace and weep)

1a4) to bewail

1b) (Piel) participle

1b1) lamenting

1b2) bewailing

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine plural
HVqi2mp
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
וּנְמַקֹּתֶם֙u.ne.ma.ko.Tem and you will waste away H4743 Verb · Niphal · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to rot or decay, like a wound festering or something molding away. It is used to describe a process of deterioration or corruption. The word is used in various contexts, including physical and moral decay.
Amplified meaning
rot, decay
Tyndale gloss
to rot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָקַק (maqaq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to decay, rot, or fester. It describes processes of physical deterioration, such as wounds festering or flesh rotting, and can also imply a figurative sense of pining away, often as a consequence of iniquity. The entries indicate a range of uses, including both the Niphal and Hiphil forms, where the latter signifies causing something to rot.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מָקַק] vb. decay, rot, fester, fig. pine away Niph. fester, of wounds

rot, rot away

moulder away

of pining away by reason of, as punishment for, iniquity

Hiph. a causing his flesh to rot

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4743 [מָקַק] decay, rot, fester, fig. pine away . . fester, of wounds

. rot, rot away

. moulder away

. of pining away by reason of, as punishment for, iniquity

. a causing his flesh to rot

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4743 maqaq maw-kak'

' a primitive root; to melt; figuratively, to flow, dwindle,

vanish:--consume away, be corrupt, dissolve, pine away.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָקַק (ma.qaq) — to rot.

1) to decay, pine away, rot, fester

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to fester (of wounds)

1a2) to rot, rot away

1a3) to moulder away

1a4) to pine away

1b) (Hiphil) to cause to rot

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Niphal-2mp — Verb · Niphal · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
Hc/VNq2mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
בַּעֲוֹנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔םba.'a.vo.No.tei.Khem in iniquities your H5771 Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
233× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means moral evil or sin, like the kind God sees in people's hearts. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Psalms. This concept is key to understanding human nature.
Amplified meaning
iniquity, moral evil
Tyndale gloss
iniquity: crime
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָוֹן (avon) refers to iniquity, guilt, or the punishment associated with iniquity. It encompasses concepts of moral evil, such as perversity and depravity, and includes the consequences or punishment for these actions. The term appears in contexts like 2 Kings 7:9 and Psalm 51:5, highlighting its significance in discussions of sin and guilt.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָוֹן n.m. iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5771 עָוֹן iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5771 `avon aw-vone'

or oavown (2 Kings 7:9; Psalm 51:5 (7)) {aw-vone'}; from

5753; perversity, i.e. (moral) evil:--fault, iniquity,

mischeif, punishment (of iniquity), sin.

see HEBREW for 07

see HEBREW for 05753

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: crime.

: crime

1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity

1a) iniquity

1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)

1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity

עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: guilt.

: guilt

1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity

1a) iniquity

1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)

1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity

עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: punishment.

: punishment

1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity

1a) iniquity

1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)

1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cp | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HR/Ncfpc/Sp2mp
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
וּנְהַמְתֶּ֖םu.ne.ham.Tem and you will groan H5098 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To groan means to growl or make a low, unhappy sound, like a lion or someone in pain, as seen in the Bible's descriptions of suffering.
Amplified meaning
growl, make a low sound
Tyndale gloss
to groan
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָהַם (naham) is a primitive root meaning to growl or groan. It describes the sounds made by a lion or the groans of someone in suffering. The entries consistently emphasize these meanings without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָהַם] vb. growl, groan

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5098 [נָהַם] growl, groan

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5098 naham naw-ham'

a primitive root; to growl:--mourn, roar(-ing).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָהַם (na.ham) — to groan.

1) to growl, groan

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to growl (of lion)

1a2) to groan (of sufferer)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-2mp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
Hc/Vqq2mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

gron (na'aq, 'anaq; stenazo, embrimaomai): The English word, noun and verb, is an attempt to imitate the vocal sound which is expressive of severe pain or distress, physical or mental. It is cognate with the Scottish dialect word girn, and with grin in its original obsolete sense, as used in the Anglican Prayer-book version of Ps 59:6,14, "grin like a dog and go about the city"; here "grin" is a translation of hamah, and means the sound of the nightly howling of the pariah dogs in Jerusalem and other oriental cities. It is used in the Old Testament:

(1) To denote the expression accompanying physical suffering, as in the case of the Israelites in Egypt oppressed by Pharaoh's taskmasters (Ex 2:24; 6:5), or in Palestine under the yoke of the Canaanites (

and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
אִ֥ישׁ'ish each H376 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
1,664× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for man, referring to a male person or individual, is used in the Bible to describe humans in contrast to God or animals, as seen in Genesis and Psalms. It can also mean husband or servant. In the KJV, it is translated as man or male.
Tyndale gloss
man
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אִישׁ (iysh) means 'man' and can refer to an individual male, a husband, or a human being in general. It encompasses various meanings, including champion and great man, and can also imply 'whosoever' or 'each.' The word is built from a root suggesting existence and is used throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אִישׁ 2166 n.m. man (= vir)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H376 אִישׁ man (= vir)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

376 'iysh eesh

contracted for 582 (or perhaps rather from an unused root

meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male

person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and

in such cases frequently not expressed in

translation):--also, another, any (man), a certain, +

champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-,

husband-)man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree),

him (that is), husband, man(-kind), + none, one, people,

person, + steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy.

Compare 802.

see HEBREW for 0582

see HEBREW for 0802

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אִישׁ (ish) — man.

: man

1) man

1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)

1b) husband

1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)

1d) servant

1e) mankind

1f) champion

1g) great man

2) whosoever

3) each (adjective)

אִישׁ (ish) — man: husband.

: husband

1) man

1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)

1b) husband

1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)

1d) servant

1e) mankind

1f) champion

1g) great man

2) whosoever

3) each (adjective)

אִישׁ (ish) — man: anyone.

: anyone/someone

1) man

1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)

1b) husband

1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)

1d) servant

1e) mankind

1f) champion

1g) great man

2) whosoever

3) each (adjective)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
אֶל־'el- to H413 Preposition
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and turbans your [will be] on heads your and sandals your [will be] on feet your not you must lament and not you must weep and you will waste away in iniquities your and you will groan each to brother his
אָחִֽיו׃'a.Chiv brother his H251 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
630× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a brother or male sibling, but it can also refer to a close relative, friend, or someone with a similar relationship. It is used to describe the bond between brothers, like the relationship between Cain and Abel in Genesis.
Amplified meaning
one toward another, to each other
Tyndale gloss
brother: male-sibling
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָח (ach) means 'brother' and encompasses a broad range of relationships, including literal siblings, half-brothers, and metaphorical kinship. It can refer to any male relative or compatriot, and it may also imply resemblance or reciprocal relationships. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, highlighting both familial and figurative connections.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָח 630 n.m. brother

brother, born of same mother (& father)

indef. = relative

fig. of resemblance

in phr. one … another

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H251 אָח brother

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

251 'ach awkh

a primitive word; a brother (used in the widest sense of

literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance

(like 1)):--another, brother(-ly); kindred, like, other.

Compare also the proper names beginning with "Ah-" or "Ahi-".

see HEBREW for 01

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָח (ach) — brother: male-sibling.

: male-sibling

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

אָח (ach) — brother: male-relative.

: male-relative

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

אָח (ach) — brother: compatriot.

: compatriot

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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