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1 Kings 7:4 — Word Study

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WLCוּשְׁקֻפִ֖ים שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה טוּרִ֑ים וּמֶחֱזָ֥ה אֶל־ מֶחֱזָ֖ה שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִֽים׃

BSAThere were threeshâlôwsh [a quantity of three] rowsṭûwr [a sequence of items] of [high] windowsshâquph [a source of light] facing one anothermechĕzâh [el, towards, window over against window] in threeshâlôwsh [a triad] tierspaʻam [a repetition or layer]

Word
Listen & take away1 Kings 7
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 4 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (pe.'a.Mim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
1 Kings 7:4quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse describes the architectural design of a building with three rows of windows.
What is seenThree rows of high windows, arranged in tiers.
Where we areThis description is part of the account of Solomon's temple construction.
The hard wordשְׁקֻפִ֖ים
Take awayThe design emphasizes light and visibility in the structure.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectשְׁקֻפִים The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 1 Kings 7:4

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Construction of Solomon's Templegenerated

3The house was roofed with cedar above the beams that rested on the pillars—forty-five beams, fifteen per row.
4There were three rows of high windows facing one another in three tiers.
5All the doorways had rectangular frames, with the openings facing one another in three tiers.
6Solomon made his colonnade fifty cubits long and thirty cubits wide, with a portico in front of it and a canopy with pillars in front of the portico.

1 Kings 7:4 describes the architectural features of Solomon's temple, focusing on the arrangement of windows. This verse highlights the thoughtful design that allows light into the building, enhancing its beauty and function. The surrounding verses provide additional details about the structure's dimensions and materials, emphasizing the grandeur of Solomon's construction efforts.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
11 Kings 7:5All the doorways had rectangular frames, with the openings facing one another in three tiers.
21 Kings 6:4He also had narrow windows framed high in the temple.
3Isaiah 54:12I will make your pinnacles of rubies, your gates of sparkling jewels, and all your walls of precious stones.
4Ezekiel 40:16–22The gate chambers and their side pillars had beveled windows all around the inside of the gateway. The porticos also had windows all around on the inside. Each side pillar was decorated with palm trees.
5Ezekiel 41:26There were beveled windows and palm trees on the sidewalls of the portico. The side rooms of the temple also had canopies.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word שְׁקֻפִים, u.she.ku.Fimgenerated

The word שְׁקֻפִים (sheku.Fim) refers specifically to window frames or casings. It is derived from the root שָׁקוּף (shaquph), which indicates an opening or embrasure, emphasizing its role in allowing light into a space.

In this verse, the plural form indicates multiple window frames, suggesting a design that encourages visibility and illumination. The term is significant in the context of architecture, as it reflects the intent to create a space filled with light.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause is introduced by the verb הָיָה (hayah, was), with a noun phrase describing the subject: שְׁקֻפִ֖ים (sheku.Fim, window frames). The structure emphasizes the number and arrangement of the windows.

The prepositional phrase אֶל־ מֶחֱזָ֖ה (el mechezah, towards window) indicates the directionality of the windows, enhancing the visual aspect of the architectural design.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint uses the Greek word μέλαθρα (melathra), which means 'windows' or 'openings.' This choice aligns with the Hebrew term שְׁקֻפִים, emphasizing the function of these structures as sources of light.

This translation choice shows a consistent understanding of the architectural context, focusing on the light and visibility provided by the windows.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

1 Kings 7:4 tells us that there were three rows of high windows in the temple, facing each other in tiers. This design allowed for ample light and visibility, contributing to the beauty of Solomon's temple.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

Why are there three rows of windows?

The three rows of windows are designed to maximize light and visibility within the temple, creating an open and inviting atmosphere.

What does the term 'high windows' imply?

The term 'high windows' indicates that these windows are positioned above eye level, allowing light to enter while maintaining privacy.

How does this verse connect to the overall description of the temple?

This verse highlights the architectural features of the temple, emphasizing its grandeur and the thoughtful design that Solomon implemented.

What other features are mentioned in the surrounding verses?

The surrounding verses describe the materials used, the dimensions of the beams, and the overall construction details of the temple.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How does the design of the temple reflect the values and beliefs of the people at that time?
  2. In what ways can light and visibility influence the atmosphere of a space?
  3. What can we learn from the attention to detail in Solomon's construction of the temple?
  4. How might architectural design impact our understanding of a place's purpose?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 1 Kings 7:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And there were windows in three rows,.... Both in the second and third stories, east, north, and south, there being none in the west, where the porch stood: and light was against light in three

Read John Gill on 1 Kings 7 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And it was covered with cedar above upon the beams, that lay on forty five pillars, fifteen in a row. No JFB commentary on these verses.

Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Kings 7 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Light was against light; one directly opposite or answering to the other, as is usual in well-contrived buildings. In three ranks; one exactly under another.

Read Matthew Poole on 1 Kings 7 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

1 Kings 7:4 And [there were] windows [in] three rows, and light [was] against light [in] three ranks.Ver. 4. In three rows,] i.e., In three stories, called also ranks here. And light was against light.] Fenestrae ex diametro, through lights, we call them.

Read John Trapp on 1 Kings 7 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

4. And there were windows in three rows] This is not the usual word for ‘windows,’ but is that which in 1 Kings 6:4 describes the sloping woodwork, or lattice, used in the windows of the Temple. From its use in the two descriptions it may be supposed to indicate the like work here as there, and so ‘windows’ is no inappropriate rendering, as it can be understood from the former passage. The R.V. gives prospects to avoid the commoner word, and puts ‘beams’ in the margin. ‘Window-spaces’ would perhaps give the best idea of what appears to be meant, which is some wooden framework fitted into those walls which looked into the interior court. and light was against light in three ranks] This means…

Read Cambridge on 1 Kings 7 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Either three ranges of windows, one above the other, on either side of the house; or perhaps the three ranges were one in either side wall, and the third in a wall down the middle of the hall, along

Read Albert Barnes on 1 Kings 7 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

4. Windows in three rows — Rather, The frameworks were three rows. The word ωׁ ?χτιν does not mean windows, but is applied, in chap. 1 Kings 6:4, to the cross-bars or framework of windows.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Kings 7 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

There were three rows of high windows facing one another in three tiers.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

There were beams in three rows, and window was facing window in three ranks.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

There were three rows of high windows facing one another in three tiers.

NETBNew English Translation2006

There were three rows of windows arranged in sets of three.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And there were windows in three rows, and light was against light in three ranks.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And there were beams in three rows, and window was over against window in three ranks.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And there were prospects in three rows, and light was over against light in three ranks.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And there were windows in three rows, and light was against light in three ranks.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And the windowes were in three rowes, and windowe was against windowe in three rankes.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And there were cross-beams in three rows, and window was against window in three ranks.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And windows [are] in three rows, and sight [is] over-against sight three times.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And frames [are] in three rows, and window [is] toward window three times.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And there were window-spaces in three rows, and windows were opposite each other in three ranks.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

There were beams in three rows, and each window was opposite another window in three sets.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Set one against another,

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The windows were placed high up, in three rows facing each other.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

There were three lines of window-frames, window facing window in every line.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וּandclausesubjectשְׁקֻפִ֖יםwindow.framesnoun phrase · predicateשְׁלֹשָׁ֣הthreeטוּרִ֑יםrowsוּandclausesubjectמֶחֱזָ֥הwindowprepositional phrase · predicateאֶל[was].toמֶחֱזָ֖הwindownoun phrase · adverbialשָׁלֹ֥שׁthreeפְּעָמִֽיםtimes

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in this verse, with six of the eight words matching. The Septuagint's word order and articles differ, but the essential elements of the description remain consistent.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וּשְׁקֻפִ֖ים שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה טוּרִ֑ים וּמֶחֱזָ֥ה אֶל־ מֶחֱזָ֖ה שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וּשְׁקֻפִ֖יםμέλαθραשְׁלֹשָׁ֣הτρίαוּמֶחֱזָ֥הξώραאֶל־ἐπὶמֶחֱזָ֖הξώρανפְּעָמִֽים׃τρισσῶς

6 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

1 Kings 7:4שָׁקוּףand window and window framשָׁקוּףשָׁלֹשׁthreethreeשָׁלֹשׁטוּרrowsrowsטוּרמֶחֱזָהand windowand windowמֶחֱזָהאֶל[was] to[was] toאֶלמֶחֱזָהwindowwindowמֶחֱזָהשָׁלֹשׁthreethreeשָׁלֹשׁפַּ֫עַםtimestimesפַּ֫עַםחָזָהto seeto seeחָזָהשָׁלִthirdthirdשָׁלִפָּעַםto troubleto troubleפָּעַםשָׁקַףto lookto lookשָׁקַףשֶׁ֫קֶףframeframeשֶׁ֫קֶףמֵאָהhundredhundredמֵאָהפַּ֫עַםbeatbeatפַּ֫עַםטוּרrowrowטוּראֹ֫דֶםsardiussardiusאֹ֫דֶםכָּרַתbeambeamכָּרַתפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַליִרְמְיָ֫הJeremiahJeremiahיִרְמְיָ֫השֶׁ֫בַעsevensevenשֶׁ֫בַע
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 1 Kings 7:4

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and window frames three rows and window [was] to window three times
וּשְׁקֻפִ֖יםu.she.ku.Fim and window frames H8261 Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This term refers to a window frame or casing, as seen in ancient buildings. It provides a structure for windows and doors.
Amplified meaning
a source of light
Tyndale gloss
frame
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁקוּף (shaquph) refers to a frame or casing, particularly of windows. It is derived from the passive participle of a related root, indicating an opening or embrasure. The term encompasses concepts like light and window frames, as noted in the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁקוּף, שְׁקוּף] n.m. frame, casing of windows

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8261 שָׁקוּף, שְׁקוּף, שָׁקֻף

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8261 shaquph shaw-koof'

passive participle of 8259; an embrasure or opening (compare

8260) with bevelled jam:--light, window.

see HEBREW for 08259

see HEBREW for 08260

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁקוּף (sha.quph) — frame.

frame, casing (of windows), beams laid over, window frames

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absolute
HC/Ncmpa
and window frames three rows and window [was] to window three times
שְׁלֹשָׁ֣הshe.lo.Shah three H7969 Noun common · both singular absolute
432× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means three or thrice, and is used to describe quantities or repetitions in the Bible. It appears in various forms, including three, third, and thirteen.
Amplified meaning
a quantity of three
Tyndale gloss
three
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׁלֹשׁ (*shalosh*) means 'three' or 'triad.' It can also refer to the ordinal 'third' and is used in various contexts, including multiplication as 'thrice.' The entries consistently define it as a primitive number without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁלֹשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלֹשָׁה 430 n.m. et f. a three, triad

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7969 שָׁלֹשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלֹשָׁה a three, triad

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7969 shalowsh shaw-loshe'

or shalosh {shaw-loshe'}; masculine shlowshah {shel-o-shaw'};

or shloshah {shel-o-shaw'}; a primitive number; three;

occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multipl.) thrice:--+ fork,

+ often(-times), third, thir(-teen, -teenth), three, + thrice.

Compare 7991.

see HEBREW for 07991

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁלֹשׁ (sha.losh) — three.

1) three, triad

1a) 3, 300, third

Aramaic equivalent: te.lat (תְּלָת "three" H8532)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Noun common · both singular absolute
HNcbsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(shalosh; treis).

See NUMBER.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The phrase "three days and three nights," Mt 12:40, was equivalent in Hebrew to the English "three days;" the Jews employing the expression "a day and a night" to denote our "day" of twentyfour hours. Nor did "three days," 1Sa 30:13, literally "this third day," according to their usage, necessarily include the whole of three days, but a part of three days, a continuous period including one whole day of twenty-four hours, and a portion of the day preceding it and the day following it. Compare Ge 7:12,17 1Sa 30:12-13.

and window frames three rows and window [was] to window three times
טוּרִ֑יםtu.Rim rows H2905 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
26× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a row of things, like a row of bricks in a wall or a row of jewels on a necklace. It is used to describe something that is arranged in a line or sequence.
Amplified meaning
a sequence of items
Tyndale gloss
row
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טוּר (tuhr) refers to a 'row' or 'course,' specifically in contexts like building stones in the temple or jewels on the high priest's breast-piece, as noted in Exodus 28:17. It is derived from an unused root meaning to arrange in a regular manner.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row

row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house

row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2905 טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row . row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house

. row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2905 tuwr toor

from an unused root meaning to range in a regular manner; a

row; hence, a wall:--row.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טוּר (tur) — row.

1) row

1a) row, course (of building)

1b) row (of jewels)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
and window frames three rows and window [was] to window three times
וּמֶחֱזָ֥הu.me.che.Zah and window H4237 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a window, but also refers to a source of light. In ancient times, windows let in light and allowed people to see outside. The word is used in the book of Proverbs.
Amplified meaning
el, towards, window over against window
Tyndale gloss
window
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֶחֱזָה (mechezah) refers to a window or a place of seeing, emphasizing the concept of light. It is derived from the root word meaning to see. The entries consistently highlight its association with visibility and illumination.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֶחֱזָה n.f. light, place of seeing, window

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4237 מֶחֱזָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4237 mechezah mekh-ez-aw'

from 2372; a window:--light.

see HEBREW for 02372

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֶחֱזָה (me.che.zah) — window.

light, window, place of seeing

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

win'-do.

See HOUSE, II, 1, (9).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Window

Properly only an opening in a house for the admission of light and air, covered with lattice-work, which might be opened or closed (2 Kings 1:2; Acts 20:9). The spies in Jericho and Paul at Damascus were let down from the windows of houses abutting on the town wall (Josh. 2:15; 2 Cor. 11:33). The clouds are metaphorically called the “windows of heaven” (Gen. 7:11; Mal. 3:10). The word thus rendered in Isa. 54:12 ought rather to be rendered “battlements” (LXX., “bulwarks;” R.V., “pinnacles”), or as Gesenius…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The window of an Oriental house consists generally of an aperture closed in with lattice-work. (Judges 5:28; Proverbs 7:6) Authorized Version "casement;" (Ecclesiastes 12:3) Authorized Version "window;" (Solomon 2:9; Hosea 13:3) Authorized Version "chimney." Glass has been introduced into Egypt in modern times as a protection against the cold of winter, but lattice-work is still the usual, and with the poor the only, contrivance for closing the window. The windows generally look into the inner court of the house, but in every house one or more look into the street. In Egypt these outer windows generally project over the doorway. [HOUSE]

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Ge 6:16; 26:8; Jos 2:15,21; 1Ki 6:4; Eze 40:16-36; Ac 20:9

and window frames three rows and window [was] to window three times
אֶל־'el- [was] to H413 Preposition
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
and window frames three rows and window [was] to window three times
מֶחֱזָ֖הme.che.Zah window H4237 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a window, but also refers to a source of light. In ancient times, windows let in light and allowed people to see outside. The word is used in the book of Proverbs.
Tyndale gloss
window
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֶחֱזָה (mechezah) refers to a window or a place of seeing, emphasizing the concept of light. It is derived from the root word meaning to see. The entries consistently highlight its association with visibility and illumination.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֶחֱזָה n.f. light, place of seeing, window

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4237 מֶחֱזָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4237 mechezah mekh-ez-aw'

from 2372; a window:--light.

see HEBREW for 02372

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֶחֱזָה (me.che.zah) — window.

light, window, place of seeing

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

win'-do.

See HOUSE, II, 1, (9).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Window

Properly only an opening in a house for the admission of light and air, covered with lattice-work, which might be opened or closed (2 Kings 1:2; Acts 20:9). The spies in Jericho and Paul at Damascus were let down from the windows of houses abutting on the town wall (Josh. 2:15; 2 Cor. 11:33). The clouds are metaphorically called the “windows of heaven” (Gen. 7:11; Mal. 3:10). The word thus rendered in Isa. 54:12 ought rather to be rendered “battlements” (LXX., “bulwarks;” R.V., “pinnacles”), or as Gesenius…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The window of an Oriental house consists generally of an aperture closed in with lattice-work. (Judges 5:28; Proverbs 7:6) Authorized Version "casement;" (Ecclesiastes 12:3) Authorized Version "window;" (Solomon 2:9; Hosea 13:3) Authorized Version "chimney." Glass has been introduced into Egypt in modern times as a protection against the cold of winter, but lattice-work is still the usual, and with the poor the only, contrivance for closing the window. The windows generally look into the inner court of the house, but in every house one or more look into the street. In Egypt these outer windows generally project over the doorway. [HOUSE]

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Ge 6:16; 26:8; Jos 2:15,21; 1Ki 6:4; Eze 40:16-36; Ac 20:9

and window frames three rows and window [was] to window three times
שָׁלֹ֥שׁsha.Losh three H7969 Noun common · both singular absolute
432× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means three or thrice, and is used to describe quantities or repetitions in the Bible. It appears in various forms, including three, third, and thirteen.
Amplified meaning
a triad
Tyndale gloss
three
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׁלֹשׁ (*shalosh*) means 'three' or 'triad.' It can also refer to the ordinal 'third' and is used in various contexts, including multiplication as 'thrice.' The entries consistently define it as a primitive number without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁלֹשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלֹשָׁה 430 n.m. et f. a three, triad

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7969 שָׁלֹשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלֹשָׁה a three, triad

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7969 shalowsh shaw-loshe'

or shalosh {shaw-loshe'}; masculine shlowshah {shel-o-shaw'};

or shloshah {shel-o-shaw'}; a primitive number; three;

occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multipl.) thrice:--+ fork,

+ often(-times), third, thir(-teen, -teenth), three, + thrice.

Compare 7991.

see HEBREW for 07991

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁלֹשׁ (sha.losh) — three.

1) three, triad

1a) 3, 300, third

Aramaic equivalent: te.lat (תְּלָת "three" H8532)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Noun common · both singular absolute
HNcbsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(shalosh; treis).

See NUMBER.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The phrase "three days and three nights," Mt 12:40, was equivalent in Hebrew to the English "three days;" the Jews employing the expression "a day and a night" to denote our "day" of twentyfour hours. Nor did "three days," 1Sa 30:13, literally "this third day," according to their usage, necessarily include the whole of three days, but a part of three days, a continuous period including one whole day of twenty-four hours, and a portion of the day preceding it and the day following it. Compare Ge 7:12,17 1Sa 30:12-13.

and window frames three rows and window [was] to window three times
פְּעָמִֽים׃pe.'a.Mim times H6471 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
118× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a beat or stroke, like a footstep or a blow. It can also mean a time or occurrence, and is used in the Bible to describe things like a single step or a repeated action.
Amplified meaning
a repetition or layer
Tyndale gloss
beat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פַּ֫עַם (pa'am) refers to a beat or stroke, and encompasses meanings such as foot, anvil, and occurrence. It can denote a footstep or time, indicating repetitions like once, twice, or thrice. The word is built from a root that suggests various applications related to rhythm and timing.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פַּ֫עַם 118 n.f. beat, foot, anvil, occurrence

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6471 פַּ֫עַם beat, foot, anvil, occurrence

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6471 pa`am pah'-am

or (feminine) pa;amah {pah-am-aw'}; from 6470; a stroke,

literally or figuratively (in various applications, as

follow):--anvil, corner, foot(-step), going, (hundred-)fold,

X now, (this) + once, order, rank, step, + thrice, ((often-)),

second, this, two) time(-s), twice, wheel.

see HEBREW for 06470

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פַּ֫עַם (pa.am) — beat.

1) stroke, beat, foot, step, anvil, occurrence

1a) foot, hoof-beat, footfall, footstep

1b) anvil

1c) occurrence, time, stroke, beat

1c1) one time, once, twice, thrice, as time on time, at this repetition, this once, now at length, now...now, at one time...at another

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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