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1 Kings 7:5 — Word Study

Depth

WLCוְכָל־ הַפְּתָחִ֥ים וְהַמְּזוּז֖וֹת רְבֻעִ֣ים שָׁ֑קֶף וּמ֧וּל מֶחֱזָ֛ה אֶל־ מֶחֱזָ֖ה שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִֽים׃

BSAAllkôl [every single one, everything] the doorwayspethach [entrances, gates] had rectangularrâbaʻ [square, four-sided] framessheqeph [window frames, openings] withmûwl the openingsmechĕzâh [windows, sources of light] facing one anotherʼêl [opposite, across from, each other, side by side] in threeshâlôwsh [thrice, a set of three] tierspaʻam [rows, ranks]

Word
Listen & take away1 Kings 7
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 5 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (pe.'a.Mim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
1 Kings 7:5quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse describes the structure of the doorways in Solomon's temple, emphasizing their rectangular frames and the arrangement of the openings.
Who is speakingThe narrator, detailing the architectural features of the temple.
Where we areThis verse is part of a larger description of Solomon's temple and its intricate design.
The hard wordרְבֻעִ֣ים
Take awayThe doorways are designed with precision, showcasing the craftsmanship of the temple.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbרָבַע The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 11 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 1 Kings 7:5

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Description of Solomon's Templegenerated

4There were three rows of high windows facing one another in three tiers.
5All the doorways had rectangular frames, with the openings facing one another in three tiers.
6Solomon made his colonnade fifty cubits long and thirty cubits wide, with a portico in front of it and a canopy with pillars in front of the portico.
7In addition, he built a hall for the throne, the Hall of Justice, where he was to judge. It was paneled with cedar from floor to ceiling.

1 Kings 7:5 is part of a detailed account of the construction of Solomon's temple, where the narrator describes various architectural elements, including the doorways and their frames. This verse highlights the meticulous design that characterized the temple, reflecting its significance in ancient Israelite worship and culture. The context includes descriptions of other features, such as high windows and colonnades, which together create a picture of grandeur and beauty.


Cross References


The Key Word רְבֻעִ֣ים, re.vu.'Imgenerated

The word רְבֻעִ֣ים (revu'im) is a passive participle form of the verb רָבַע (raba'), meaning to square or to make four-sided. It indicates that the doorways were designed to be square, which is significant for their structural integrity and aesthetic appeal.

This term emphasizes the geometric precision of the doorways, suggesting careful planning and craftsmanship. The use of a participle form indicates that this characteristic was an essential aspect of the doorways' design.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb is implied in the description of the doorways, focusing on their characteristics. The structure consists of a noun phrase for the subject—הַפְּתָחִ֥ים (the openings)—followed by a series of descriptive phrases that elaborate on their attributes.

The arrangement of phrases emphasizes the relationship between the doorways and their features, with the prepositional phrases describing the orientation and arrangement of the openings.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates רְבֻעִ֣ים as τετράγωνοι (tetra'gōnoi), which directly conveys the idea of something being square. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning and highlights the importance of geometric precision in the design of the temple's doorways.

The use of θυρώματα for הַפְּתָחִ֥ים indicates a focus on the openings as entrances, maintaining the architectural context of the verse.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

1 Kings 7:5 describes the doorways of Solomon's temple, noting that all the doorways had square frames and that the openings faced each other in three tiers. This highlights the careful design and structure of the temple, which was a significant place of worship.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the term 'square' imply in the context of the doorways?

The term 'square' indicates that the doorways were designed with equal sides, emphasizing the precision and craftsmanship involved in the construction of the temple.

Why is the arrangement of the openings significant?

The arrangement of the openings facing one another in tiers suggests a deliberate architectural design that allowed for light and visibility, enhancing the aesthetic experience of the temple.

What materials were likely used for the doorways?

While the verse does not specify materials, it can be inferred that high-quality materials such as wood or stone were used, consistent with the grandeur of Solomon's temple.

How does this verse connect to the overall narrative of Solomon's temple?

This verse contributes to the overall narrative by detailing specific architectural features that reflect the importance and magnificence of the temple as a central place of worship in ancient Israel.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What can we learn about the importance of design and structure in our own lives from the details of the temple's doorways?
  2. How does the precision in the construction of the temple reflect the character of God as a creator?
  3. In what ways can we apply the principles of careful planning and craftsmanship in our daily tasks?
  4. How does the arrangement of openings in the temple inspire us to consider how we create spaces for light and connection in our own environments?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 1 Kings 7:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And all the doors and posts were square with the windows,.... The doors into the several stories and apartments, and the posts and lintel of them, and the windows over them, were all square: and

Read John Gill on 1 Kings 7 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And it was covered with cedar above upon the beams, that lay on forty five pillars, fifteen in a row. No JFB commentary on these verses.

Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Kings 7 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

He speaks either, first, of the same lights mentioned , it being the manner of the Hebrews to repeat the same things; or rather, of the smaller windows or lights, which were over the several doors, as the manner of many buildings is.

Read Matthew Poole on 1 Kings 7 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

1 Kings 7:5 And all the doors and posts [were] square, with the windows: and light [was] against light [in] three ranks.Ver. 5. With the windows.] All were square: and so this house was, ad elegantiam, amaenitatem et recreationem tota comparata, very pleasant.

Read John Trapp on 1 Kings 7 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

5. And all the doors and posts were square, with the windows] It is not easy to say how the last word of the Hebrew should be rendered. It is akin to that rendered ‘windows’ by the A.V. in 1 Kings 7:4. Hence a like meaning has been assigned to it here. But there is nothing in the original to represent ‘with the.’ The R.V. used prospects in the previous verse, and so gives here were square in prospects, adding in the margin ‘were made square with beams.’ Taking these ‘beams’ to signify, as before, the ‘framework’ of the doorways, the sense would be ‘were set square in the framework,’ i.e. of the doorways.

Read Cambridge on 1 Kings 7 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

All the doors and posts - The doorways, and the posts which formed them, seem to be intended. These were square at top, not arched or rounded. In Assyrian buildings arched doorways were not uncommon.

Read Albert Barnes on 1 Kings 7 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

5. All the doors — Which led from one of these chambers to another.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Kings 7 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

All the doorways had rectangular frames, with the openings facing one another in three tiers.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

All the doors and posts were made square with beams; and window was facing window in three ranks.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

All the doorways had rectangular frames, with the openings facing one another in three tiers.

NETBNew English Translation2006

All of the entrances were rectangular in shape and they were arranged in sets of three.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And all the doors and posts were square, with the windows: and light was against light in three ranks.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And all the doors and posts were made square with beams: and window was over against window in three ranks.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And all the doors and posts were square in prospect: and light was over against light in three ranks.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And all the doors and posts were square, with the windows: and light was against light in three ranks.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And all the doores, and the side postes with the windowes were foure square, and windowe was ouer against windowe in three rankes.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And all the doors and posts were square, with an architrave; and window was against window in three ranks.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And all the openings and the side-posts [are] square — windows; and sight [is] over-against sight three times.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And all the openings and the doorposts [are of] square frame; and window [is] toward window three times.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And all the entrances and door-posts formed a square in shape: and windows were opposite windows in three ranks.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

All the doors and posts were made square with beams, and window was opposite window in three sets.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And looking one upon another, with equal space between the pillars, and over the pillars were square beams in all things equal.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

All the doorways and door casings had rectangular frames, the openings facing each other in sets of three.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And all the doors and windows had square frames, with the windows facing one another in three lines.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclausenoun phrase · subjectכָלallnoun phrasenoun phraseהַtheפְּתָחִ֥יםopeningsוְandnoun phraseהַtheמְּזוּז֖וֹתdoorpostsverbרְבֻעִ֣ים[were].squareadverbialשָׁ֑קֶףframe-workוּand.[the]clauseprepositional phrase · predicateprepositional phraseמ֧וּלfrontמֶחֱזָ֛הwindowprepositional phraseאֶל[was].toמֶחֱזָ֖הwindownoun phrase · adverbialשָׁלֹ֥שׁthreeפְּעָמִֽיםtimes

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text describes the doorways as having rectangular frames, with the openings facing one another in three tiers. The Septuagint, while it has a significant portion of the text that aligns with the Masoretic Text, does not provide a complete translation for this verse, leaving gaps in the word-by-word correspondence. Therefore, it is unclear whether the Septuagint agrees or differs in meaning from the Masoretic Text. There are no additional witnesses from the Samaritan Pentateuch or the Dead Sea Scrolls for this verse to compare against the Masoretic Text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְכָל־ הַפְּתָחִ֥ים וְהַמְּזוּז֖וֹת רְבֻעִ֣ים שָׁ֑קֶף וּמ֧וּל מֶחֱזָ֛ה אֶל־ מֶחֱזָ֖ה שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְכָל־πάνταהַפְּתָחִ֥יםθυρώματαוְהַמְּזוּז֖וֹתξῶραιרְבֻעִ֣יםτετράγωνοιשָׁ֑קֶףμεμελαθρωμέναιוּמ֧וּלἀπὸאֶל־ἐπὶמֶחֱזָ֖הθύρανפְּעָמִֽים׃τρισσῶς

9 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

1 Kings 7:5כֹּלand alland allכֹּלפֶּ֫תַחthe openingthe openingsפֶּ֫תַחמְזוּזָהand the dooand the doorposמְזוּזָהרָבַע[were] squa[were] squareרָבַעשֶׁ֫קֶףframe-workframe-workשֶׁ֫קֶףמוּלand [the] fand [the] frontמוּלמֶחֱזָהwindowwindowמֶחֱזָהאֶל[was] to[was] toאֶלמֶחֱזָהwindowwindowמֶחֱזָהשָׁלֹשׁthreethreeשָׁלֹשׁפַּ֫עַםtimestimesפַּ֫עַםחָזָהto seeto seeחָזָהכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלפָּתַחto opento openפָּתַחשָׁקַףto lookto lookשָׁקַףמוּלto circumcto circumciseמוּלפָּעַםto troubleto troubleפָּעַםזִיזcreaturecreatureזִיזרָבַעto mateto mateרָבַעאַרְבַּעfourfourאַרְבַּעשָׁלִthirdthirdשָׁלִטוּרrowrowטוּרעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהמָסָךְcoveringcoveringמָסָךְמוֹעֵדmeetingmeetingמוֹעֵדמַשְׁקוֹףlintellintelמַשְׁקוֹףסַףbasinbasinסַףמְזוּזָהdoorpostdoorpostמְזוּזָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 1 Kings 7:5

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and all the openings and the doorposts [were] square frame-work and [the] front window [was] to window three times
וְכָל־ve.khol and all H3605 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
every single one, everything
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and all the openings and the doorposts [were] square frame-work and [the] front window [was] to window three times
הַפְּתָחִ֥יםha.pe.ta.Chim the openings H6607 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
164× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A pethach is an entrance or doorway, like the gates of Jerusalem or the door to the temple, often symbolizing transition or access to a new place.
Amplified meaning
entrances, gates
Tyndale gloss
entrance
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פֶּ֫תַח (pethach) refers to an opening, such as a doorway or entrance. It is derived from a root meaning to open and encompasses terms like gate and entrance way. The entries consistently highlight its literal and figurative uses, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֶּ֫תַח 164 n.m. opening, doorway, entrance

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6607 פֶּ֫תַח opening, doorway, entrance

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6607 pethach peh'-thakh

from 6605; an opening (literally), i.e. door (gate) or

entrance way:--door, entering (in), entrance (-ry), gate,

opening, place.

see HEBREW for 06605

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֶּ֫תַח (pe.tach) — entrance.

opening, doorway, entrance

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
and all the openings and the doorposts [were] square frame-work and [the] front window [was] to window three times
וְהַמְּזוּז֖וֹתve.ha.me.zu.Zot and the doorposts H4201 Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine plural absolute
19× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A doorpost is the vertical post on either side of a door, and in biblical times, it was a prominent feature of a house. The Hebrew word for doorpost is mezuzah.
Tyndale gloss
doorpost
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מְזוּזָה (mezuzah) refers to a door-post or gate-post, indicating a structural element of a doorway. It is derived from a root meaning to be prominent, emphasizing its visibility. The term appears in various contexts related to doorways in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מְזוּזָה n.f. door-post, gate-post

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4201 מְזוּזָה door-post, gate-post

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4201 mzuwzah mez-oo-zaw'

or mzuzah {mez-oo-zaw'}; from the same as 2123; a door-post

(as prominent):--(door, side) post.

see HEBREW for 02123

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מְזוּזָה (me.zu.zah) — doorpost.

doorpost, gatepost

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Td/Ncfpa — Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine plural absolute
HC/Td/Ncfpa
and all the openings and the doorposts [were] square frame-work and [the] front window [was] to window three times
רְבֻעִ֣יםre.vu.'Im [were] square H7251 Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine plural
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to make something square or four-sided, like a square-shaped building. It is used to describe something with four equal sides. In the Bible, it is used to describe the shape of the altar in Ezekiel's vision.
Amplified meaning
square, four-sided
Tyndale gloss
to square
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָבַע (raba`) is a verb meaning to square or to be squared, derived from a primitive root related to the concept of being four-sided. Its usage is limited to participles in the Qal and Pual forms, indicating a denominative action. The entries emphasize its geometric connotation without significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָבַע] vb. denom., only Pt. pass. squared, square;—

Qal square

Pu. square

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7251 רָבַע vb. denom., only Pt. pass. squared, square

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7251 raba` raw-bah'

a primitive root (rather identical with 7250 through the idea

of sprawling "at all fours" (or possibly the reverse is the

order of deriv.); compare 702); properly, to be four (sided);

used only as denominative of 7253; to be

quadrate:--(four-)square(-d).

see HEBREW for 07250

see HEBREW for 0702

see HEBREW for 07253

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָבַע (ra.va) — to square.

1) to square, be squared

1a) (Qal) square (participle)

1b) (Pual) square (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine plural
HVqsmpa
and all the openings and the doorposts [were] square frame-work and [the] front window [was] to window three times
שָׁ֑קֶףSha.kef frame-work H8260 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means a window or framework, like the ones in houses described in 2 Kings 1:2. It allows light and air to enter a room.
Amplified meaning
window frames, openings
Tyndale gloss
frame
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֶׁ֫קֶף (sheqeph) refers to a framework or casing, particularly in the context of doors and windows. It conveys the idea of a structural element that allows light and air to enter, as noted in 1 Kings 7:5. The word is derived from a related term, indicating a connection to the concept of openings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שֶׁ֫קֶף] n.[m.] frame-work, casing of doors;—1 K 7:5.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8260 שֶׁ֫קֶף

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8260 sheqeph sheh'-kef

from 8259; a loophole (for looking out), to admit light and

air:--window.

see HEBREW for 08259

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֶׁ֫קֶף (she.qeph) — frame.

framework, casing (of doors), door, lintel

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ See INDUSTRY

→ See LABOR

and all the openings and the doorposts [were] square frame-work and [the] front window [was] to window three times
וּמ֧וּלu.Mul and [the] front H4136 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
36× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means opposite or in front of, often used to describe location or direction. In Exodus 14:2, the Israelites camped in front of Pi-ha-hiroth, facing the sea. It provides a sense of spatial awareness and orientation in biblical contexts.
Tyndale gloss
opposite
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוּל (mul) means 'front' or 'in front of,' and is used adverbially to indicate position or direction. It can refer to being opposite or toward the front of something. The word is derived from a root meaning 'abrupt' or 'precipice,' and appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, such as in Deuteronomy 1:1 and Numbers 22:5.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוּל, מוֹל, מוֹאל subst. and prep. front, in front of

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4136 מוּל, מוֹל, מוֹאל front, in front of

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4136 muwl mool

or mowl (Deuteronomy 1:1) {mole}; or mowtl (Nehemiah 12:38)

{mole}; or mul (Numbers 22:5) {mool}; from 4135; properly,

abrupt, i.e. a precipice; by implication, the front; used only

adverbially (with prepositional prefix) opposite:--(over)

against, before, (fore-)front, from, (God-)ward, toward, with.

see HEBREW for 04135

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוּל (mul) — opposite.

1) front

1a) front

1b) in the opposite direction

prep

2) in front of

2a) in front of

2b) (with prefix)

2b1) towards the front of, to the front of, on the front of

2b2) from the front of, off the front of, close in front of, on the forefront of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
and all the openings and the doorposts [were] square frame-work and [the] front window [was] to window three times
מֶחֱזָ֛הme.che.Zah window H4237 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a window, but also refers to a source of light. In ancient times, windows let in light and allowed people to see outside. The word is used in the book of Proverbs.
Amplified meaning
windows, sources of light
Tyndale gloss
window
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֶחֱזָה (mechezah) refers to a window or a place of seeing, emphasizing the concept of light. It is derived from the root word meaning to see. The entries consistently highlight its association with visibility and illumination.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֶחֱזָה n.f. light, place of seeing, window

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4237 מֶחֱזָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4237 mechezah mekh-ez-aw'

from 2372; a window:--light.

see HEBREW for 02372

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֶחֱזָה (me.che.zah) — window.

light, window, place of seeing

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

win'-do.

See HOUSE, II, 1, (9).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Window

Properly only an opening in a house for the admission of light and air, covered with lattice-work, which might be opened or closed (2 Kings 1:2; Acts 20:9). The spies in Jericho and Paul at Damascus were let down from the windows of houses abutting on the town wall (Josh. 2:15; 2 Cor. 11:33). The clouds are metaphorically called the “windows of heaven” (Gen. 7:11; Mal. 3:10). The word thus rendered in Isa. 54:12 ought rather to be rendered “battlements” (LXX., “bulwarks;” R.V., “pinnacles”), or as Gesenius…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The window of an Oriental house consists generally of an aperture closed in with lattice-work. (Judges 5:28; Proverbs 7:6) Authorized Version "casement;" (Ecclesiastes 12:3) Authorized Version "window;" (Solomon 2:9; Hosea 13:3) Authorized Version "chimney." Glass has been introduced into Egypt in modern times as a protection against the cold of winter, but lattice-work is still the usual, and with the poor the only, contrivance for closing the window. The windows generally look into the inner court of the house, but in every house one or more look into the street. In Egypt these outer windows generally project over the doorway. [HOUSE]

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Ge 6:16; 26:8; Jos 2:15,21; 1Ki 6:4; Eze 40:16-36; Ac 20:9

and all the openings and the doorposts [were] square frame-work and [the] front window [was] to window three times
אֶל־'el- [was] to H413 Preposition
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Amplified meaning
opposite, across from, each other, side by side
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and all the openings and the doorposts [were] square frame-work and [the] front window [was] to window three times
מֶחֱזָ֖הme.che.Zah window H4237 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a window, but also refers to a source of light. In ancient times, windows let in light and allowed people to see outside. The word is used in the book of Proverbs.
Tyndale gloss
window
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֶחֱזָה (mechezah) refers to a window or a place of seeing, emphasizing the concept of light. It is derived from the root word meaning to see. The entries consistently highlight its association with visibility and illumination.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֶחֱזָה n.f. light, place of seeing, window

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4237 מֶחֱזָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4237 mechezah mekh-ez-aw'

from 2372; a window:--light.

see HEBREW for 02372

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֶחֱזָה (me.che.zah) — window.

light, window, place of seeing

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

win'-do.

See HOUSE, II, 1, (9).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Window

Properly only an opening in a house for the admission of light and air, covered with lattice-work, which might be opened or closed (2 Kings 1:2; Acts 20:9). The spies in Jericho and Paul at Damascus were let down from the windows of houses abutting on the town wall (Josh. 2:15; 2 Cor. 11:33). The clouds are metaphorically called the “windows of heaven” (Gen. 7:11; Mal. 3:10). The word thus rendered in Isa. 54:12 ought rather to be rendered “battlements” (LXX., “bulwarks;” R.V., “pinnacles”), or as Gesenius…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The window of an Oriental house consists generally of an aperture closed in with lattice-work. (Judges 5:28; Proverbs 7:6) Authorized Version "casement;" (Ecclesiastes 12:3) Authorized Version "window;" (Solomon 2:9; Hosea 13:3) Authorized Version "chimney." Glass has been introduced into Egypt in modern times as a protection against the cold of winter, but lattice-work is still the usual, and with the poor the only, contrivance for closing the window. The windows generally look into the inner court of the house, but in every house one or more look into the street. In Egypt these outer windows generally project over the doorway. [HOUSE]

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Ge 6:16; 26:8; Jos 2:15,21; 1Ki 6:4; Eze 40:16-36; Ac 20:9

and all the openings and the doorposts [were] square frame-work and [the] front window [was] to window three times
שָׁלֹ֥שׁsha.Losh three H7969 Noun common · both singular absolute
432× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means three or thrice, and is used to describe quantities or repetitions in the Bible. It appears in various forms, including three, third, and thirteen.
Amplified meaning
thrice, a set of three
Tyndale gloss
three
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׁלֹשׁ (*shalosh*) means 'three' or 'triad.' It can also refer to the ordinal 'third' and is used in various contexts, including multiplication as 'thrice.' The entries consistently define it as a primitive number without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁלֹשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלֹשָׁה 430 n.m. et f. a three, triad

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7969 שָׁלֹשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלֹשָׁה a three, triad

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7969 shalowsh shaw-loshe'

or shalosh {shaw-loshe'}; masculine shlowshah {shel-o-shaw'};

or shloshah {shel-o-shaw'}; a primitive number; three;

occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multipl.) thrice:--+ fork,

+ often(-times), third, thir(-teen, -teenth), three, + thrice.

Compare 7991.

see HEBREW for 07991

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁלֹשׁ (sha.losh) — three.

1) three, triad

1a) 3, 300, third

Aramaic equivalent: te.lat (תְּלָת "three" H8532)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Noun common · both singular absolute
HNcbsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(shalosh; treis).

See NUMBER.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The phrase "three days and three nights," Mt 12:40, was equivalent in Hebrew to the English "three days;" the Jews employing the expression "a day and a night" to denote our "day" of twentyfour hours. Nor did "three days," 1Sa 30:13, literally "this third day," according to their usage, necessarily include the whole of three days, but a part of three days, a continuous period including one whole day of twenty-four hours, and a portion of the day preceding it and the day following it. Compare Ge 7:12,17 1Sa 30:12-13.

and all the openings and the doorposts [were] square frame-work and [the] front window [was] to window three times
פְּעָמִֽים׃pe.'a.Mim times H6471 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
118× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a beat or stroke, like a footstep or a blow. It can also mean a time or occurrence, and is used in the Bible to describe things like a single step or a repeated action.
Amplified meaning
rows, ranks
Tyndale gloss
beat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פַּ֫עַם (pa'am) refers to a beat or stroke, and encompasses meanings such as foot, anvil, and occurrence. It can denote a footstep or time, indicating repetitions like once, twice, or thrice. The word is built from a root that suggests various applications related to rhythm and timing.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פַּ֫עַם 118 n.f. beat, foot, anvil, occurrence

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6471 פַּ֫עַם beat, foot, anvil, occurrence

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6471 pa`am pah'-am

or (feminine) pa;amah {pah-am-aw'}; from 6470; a stroke,

literally or figuratively (in various applications, as

follow):--anvil, corner, foot(-step), going, (hundred-)fold,

X now, (this) + once, order, rank, step, + thrice, ((often-)),

second, this, two) time(-s), twice, wheel.

see HEBREW for 06470

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פַּ֫עַם (pa.am) — beat.

1) stroke, beat, foot, step, anvil, occurrence

1a) foot, hoof-beat, footfall, footstep

1b) anvil

1c) occurrence, time, stroke, beat

1c1) one time, once, twice, thrice, as time on time, at this repetition, this once, now at length, now...now, at one time...at another

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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