1 Kings 21:14 — Word Study
WLCוַֽיִּשְׁלְח֖וּ אֶל־ אִיזֶ֣בֶל לֵאמֹ֑ר סֻקַּ֥ל נָב֖וֹת וַיָּמֹֽת׃
BSAThen they sentshâlach▸ [dispatched, commissioned] word toʼêl JezebelʼÎyzebel [the wife of King Ahab, a queen of Israel] NabothNâbôwth [an Israelite who owned a vineyard in Jezreel] has been stonedçâqal■ [executed by throwing stones, put to death] to deathmûwth▸ [killed, deceased, as a punishment]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֖וּ | and they sent | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine plural |
| אֶל־ | to | Preposition |
| אִיזֶ֣בֶל | Jezebel | Noun proper feminine |
| לֵאמֹ֑ר | saying | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| סֻקַּ֥ל | he has been stoned | Verb, Pual, perfect third person masculine singular |
| נָב֖וֹת | Naboth | Noun proper masculine |
| וַיָּמֹֽת׃ | and he has died | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Then they sent word to Jezebel: “Naboth has been stoned to death.” |
| KJV | Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead. |
| ASV | Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead. |
| YLT | and they send unto Jezebel, saying, 'Naboth was stoned, and is dead.' |
| WEB | Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, “Naboth has been stoned and is dead.” |
| BBE | And they sent word to Jezebel, saying, Naboth has been stoned and is dead. |
Where they part company is סָקַל — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause followed by a prepositional phrase and an infinitive phrase that introduces the content of the message.



4 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectנָבוֹת
verbשָׁלַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Kings 21:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Execution of Nabothgenerated
1 Kings 21:14 describes the moment after Naboth has been falsely accused and executed. The events lead to a significant turning point for King Ahab and Queen Jezebel, as they plot to take Naboth's vineyard. This incident highlights the themes of injustice and the consequences of greed, as seen in the surrounding verses, particularly in 1 Kings 21:13 and 1 Kings 21:15.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Samuel 11:14–24 | The next morning David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it with Uriah. |
| 2 | Ecclesiastes 5:8 | If you see the oppression of the poor and the denial of justice and righteousness in the province, do not be astonished at the matter; for one official is watched by a superior, and others higher still are over them. |
| 3 | Ecclesiastes 8:14 | There is a futility that is done on the earth: There are righteous men who get what the actions of the wicked deserve, and there are wicked men who get what the actions of the righteous deserve. I say that this too is futile. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — סָקַל, su.Kalgenerated
The verb סָקַל (saqal) means to stone someone to death, a punishment for serious offenses in ancient Israel. It is a Pual form, indicating that the subject (Naboth) has been acted upon, emphasizing his victimization.
This word is used specifically in contexts of execution, reflecting the severity of the punishment. The act of stoning is a communal execution method, highlighting societal involvement in Naboth's death.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb in the verse is וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֖וּ (vai.yish.le.Chu), meaning 'and they sent', which governs the entire sentence. This verb is followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the direction of the message and a clause that provides the content of what was said.
The structure emphasizes the action of sending a message, with the subject (the messengers) acting on behalf of Jezebel, highlighting her influence in the narrative.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֖וּ as ἀπέστειλαν, which means 'they sent away.' This choice reflects a similar action of dispatching a message but may carry a slightly different nuance in Greek.
The Greek word λελιθοβόληται is used for סָקַל, indicating the act of being stoned. This translation aligns closely with the original Hebrew, maintaining the gravity of Naboth's death.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Kings 21:14 tells us that messengers sent word to Jezebel, informing her that Naboth had been executed by stoning. This event is part of a larger narrative about injustice and the consequences of greed, as seen in the surrounding verses.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Naboth was falsely accused of cursing God and the king, which led to his stoning as a punishment.
Jezebel orchestrated the events that led to Naboth's wrongful accusation and execution, demonstrating her influence over King Ahab.
Stoning was a prescribed punishment in the Old Testament for certain offenses, reflecting the severity of the crime and community involvement in justice.
Naboth's story serves as a warning against greed and the abuse of power, highlighting the importance of justice and righteousness.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can we stand up against injustice in our own lives, as Naboth could not?
- What lessons can we learn about the consequences of greed from this story?
- In what ways do we see similar abuses of power in our society today?
- How can we ensure that we are advocates for justice and truth in our communities?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Kings 21:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThen they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead. Not only stoned, but stoned to death.
Read John Gill on 1 Kings 21 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThen they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead. No JFB commentary on this verse.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Kings 21 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey sent to Jezebel; by whom they knew the affairs of the kingdom were managed, and this design contrived.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Kings 21 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Kings 21:14 Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead.Ver. 14. Then they sent to Jezebel.] She is certified of by all these servile souls, whose lavishness was wrought upon by her imperiousness. It is likely that the news was no less welcome to her, than was the news of the bishops burnt at Oxford to Stephen Gardiner, who came out rejoicing to the Duke of Norfolk, and said, Now let us go to dinner; but ere he had dined, the sudden stroke of God’ s terrible hand fell upon him, so that he was taken from the table, and soon after died in despair. Act. and Mon., 1611.
Read John Trapp on 1 Kings 21 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Then they sent word to Jezebel: “Naboth has been stoned to death.”
Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, “Naboth has been stoned and is dead.”
Then they sent word to Jezebel: “Naboth has been stoned to death.”
Then they reported to Jezebel, “Naboth has been stoned to death.”
Tyndale line
Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead.
Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead.
Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead.
Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead.
Then they sent to Iezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned and is dead.
Strictly literal
And they sent to Jezebel saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead.
and they send unto Jezebel, saying, 'Naboth was stoned, and is dead.'
and they send to Jezebel, saying, “Naboth was stoned, and is dead.”
And they sent to Izebel, saying, Naboth hath been stoned, and is dead.
Then the elders sent word to Jezebel, saying, “Naboth has been stoned and is dead.”
From the Latin
And they sent to Jezabel, saying: Naboth is stoned, and is dead.
Simplified
Then they sent a message to Jezebel, saying, “Naboth has been stoned. He's dead.”
And they sent word to Jezebel, saying, Naboth has been stoned and is dead.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in the wording of this verse, with all seven words matched. This consistency reinforces the reliability of the account as it has been preserved in both traditions.
וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֖וּ אֶל־ אִיזֶ֣בֶל לֵאמֹ֑ר סֻקַּ֥ל נָב֖וֹת וַיָּמֹֽת׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Kings 21:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שָׁלַח (shalach) is a primitive root meaning 'to send' with a wide range of applications. It can refer to sending away, stretching out (especially a hand), or letting go. The entries indicate various forms, including sending off, casting out, and setting free. Notably, it can also imply divorce or being sent away in a marital context.
שָׁלַח 814 vb. send
Qal
send: human subj.
send: subj. י׳ (God)
stretch out, esp. acc. hand
rarely send away: human subj.
let loose
Niph. letters were sent
Pi.
send off, away, human subj.
send away, subj. י׳
give over
cast out
send out, forth
let go, set free
shoot forth branches
let down
shoot
Phrases
Pu. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
Hiph. and I (י׳) will send
base
H7971 שָׁלַח send .. send: human subj.
. send: subj. י׳ (God)
. stretch out, esp. acc. hand
. rarely send away: human subj.
. let loose
. letters were sent
. . send off, away, human subj.
. . send away, subj. י׳
. give over
. cast out
. send out, forth
. let go, set free
. shoot forth branches
. let down
. shoot
. Phrases
. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
. and I (י׳) will send
7971 shalach shaw-lakh'
a primitive root; to send away, for, or out (in a great
variety of applications):--X any wise, appoint, bring (on the
way), cast (away, out), conduct, X earnestly, forsake, give
(up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose),
push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send
(away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread,
stretch forth (out).
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: depart.
: depart/send
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled
1e) (Hiphil) to send
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: let go.
: let_go/free
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine pluralHc/Vqw3mp
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Prep — PrepositionHR
אִיזֶבֶל (i.ze.vel) refers to Jezebel, the wife of King Ahab of Israel, known for her influence during the Divided Monarchy. The name is derived from roots meaning 'Baal exalts' or 'Baal is husband to.' She is first mentioned in 1 Kings 16:31 and is the daughter of Ethbaal, king of Tyre.
אִיזֶבֶל n.pr.f. queen of Ahab, daughter of Ethbaal, king of Tyre
base
H348 אִיזֶבֶל
348 'Iyzebel ee-zeh'-bel
from 336 and 2083; Izebel, the wife of king Ahab:--Jezebel.
see HEBREW for 0336
see HEBREW for 02083
אִיזֶבֶל (i.ze.vel) — Jezebel.
A queen of the Kingdom of Israel, living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.16.31;
daughter of: Ethbaal (H0856); married to Ahab (H0256);
mother of: Ahaziah (H0274) and Joram (H3141H)
Also named: Iezabēl (Ἰεζαβήλ "Jezebel" G2403)
§ Jezebel = "Baal exalts" or "Baal is husband to" or "unchaste"
queen of Israel, wife of Ahab, daughter of Ethbaal
N-proper — Noun proper feminineHNpf
jez'-e-bel 'izebhel, "unexalted," "unhusbanded" (?); Iezabel; see BDB; 1Ki 16:31; 18:4,13,19; 19:1,2; 21:5 ff; 2Ki 9:7 ff,30 ff; Re 2:20): Daughter of Ethbaal, king of the Zidonians, i.e. Phoenicians, and queen of Ahab, king of Northern Israel. Ahab (circa 874-853 BC) carried out a policy, which his father had perhaps started, of making alliances with other states. The alliance with the Phoenicians was cemented by his marriage with Jezebel, and he subsequently gave his daughter Athaliah in marriage to Jehoram, son of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah. His own union with Jezebel is regarded as a sin in 1Ki 16:31, where the Massoretic Text is difficult, being generally understood as…
Jezebel
Chaste, the daughter of Ethbaal, the king of the Zidonians, and the wife of Ahab, the king of Israel (1 Kings 16:31). This was the “first time that a king of Israel had allied himself by marriage with a heathen princess; and the alliance was in this case of a peculiarly disastrous kind. Jezebel has stamped her name on history as the representative of all that is designing, crafty, malicious, revengeful, and cruel. She is the first great instigator of persecution against the saints of God. Guided by no principle, restrained by no fear of either God or man, passionate in her attachment to her heathen worship, she spared no pains to maintain idolatry around her in all its splendour. Four hundred and fifty prophets ministered under her care to Baal, besides four hundred prophets of the groves [R.V., ’prophets of the Asherah’]…
(chaste), wife of Ahab king of Israel. (B.C. 883.) She was a Phoenician princess, daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonians. In her hands her husband became a mere puppet. (1 Kings 21:25) The first effect of her influence was the immediate establishment of the Phoenician worship on a grand scale in the court of Ahab. At her table were supported no less than 450 prophets of Baal and 400 of Eastward. (1 Kings 16:31,21; 18:19) The prophets of Jehovah were attacked by her orders and put to the sword. (1 Kings 18:13; 2 Kings 9:7) At last the people, at the instigation of Elijah, rose against her ministers and slaughtered them at the foot of Carmel. When she found her husband…
Daughter of Ethbaal king of Tyre and Zidon, and wife of Ahab king of Israel, 1Ki 16:31. She spent herself in efforts to establish idolatry in Samaria, and exterminate the worship of God and the lives of his servants. Obadiah saved a hundred of them, at the risk of his own life. Jezebel herself maintained four hundred priests of Astarte. When the prophets of Baal perished at Carmel, at the word of Elijah, she sought to avenge herself on him. Afterwards, she secured the vineyard of Naboth for her husband by perjuries and murder; and her tragical death, the fitting close of a bloody life, took place, according to the prediction of Elijah, near the scene of this crime,
1Ki 19:1-21 21:1-29 2Ki 9:1-37. Her name has become a proverb…
אָמַר (amar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to say' or 'to utter,' with a broad range of uses including to promise, command, or even boast. It appears in various forms, such as in the Qal (to say), Niphal (to be told), and Hiphil (to avow). The entries highlight its versatility in both spoken and internal contexts, though no specific verse is noted.
אָמַר 5287 vb. utter, say
Qal
Say
Say in the heart (= think)
Promise
Command (esp. late)
Niph. be said, told
Hiph. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)
Hithp. act proudly, boast
base
H559 אָמַר utter, say .. Say
. Say in the heart (= think)
. Promise
. Command (esp. late)
. be said, told
. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)
. act proudly, boast
559 'amar aw-mar'
a primitive root; to say (used with great
latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call,
certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment),
commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X
expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise,
publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X
suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech),
utter, X verily, X yet.
אָמַר (a.mar) — to say.
1) to say, speak, utter
1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend
1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called
1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly
1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch
Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)
HR/Vqcc — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
סָקַל (saqal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to stone or to be put to death by stoning. It encompasses various forms, including Qal (to pelt with stones), Niphal (to be stoned), and Piel (to stone or free from stones). The entries indicate that it is primarily associated with the act of stoning, with some references to freeing from stones.
[סָקַל] vb. stone, be put to death by stoning, also (Pi.) free from stones
Qal pelt with stones, stone to death
Niph. be stoned to death
Pi.
stone, pelt with stones
free vineyard (acc.) from stones
Pu. be stoned to death
base
H5619 סָקַל stone, be put to death by stoning, also (Pi.) free from stones
5619 caqal saw-kal'
a primitive root; properly, to be weighty; but used only in
the sense of lapidation or its contrary (as if a
delapidation):--(cast, gather out, throw) stone(-s), X
surely.
סָקַל (sa.qal) — to stone.
1) to stone (to death), put to death by stoning
1a) (Qal) to pelt with stones, stone to death
1b) (Niphal) to be stoned to death
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to stone, pelt with stones
1c2) to free from stones (of vineyard, highway)
1d) (Pual) to be stoned to death
V-Pual-Perf-3ms — Verb · Pual · perfect third person masculine singularHVPp3ms
נָבוֹת (Naboth) refers to a Jezreelite man known for owning a vineyard in Jezreel, who was killed by Ahab and Jezebel. The name is connected to the word for 'fruits,' indicating a possible symbolic meaning. It appears in the context of the Divided Monarchy, specifically mentioned in 1 Kings 21:1.
נָבוֹת 22 n.pr.m. a Jezreelite
base
H5022 נָבוֹת
5022 Nabowth naw-both'
feminine plural from the same as 5011; fruits; Naboth, an
Israelite:--Naboth.
see HEBREW for 05011
נָבוֹת (na.vot) — Naboth.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.21.1
§ Naboth = "fruits"
the vineyard owner of Jezreel who Ahab and Jezebel had killed so that they could have his vineyard
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
na'-both, na'-both (nabhoth, from nubh, "a sprout"; Nabouthai): The owner of a vineyard contiguous to the palace of King Ahab. The king desired, by purchase or exchange, to add the vineyard to his own grounds. Naboth, however, refused to part on any terms with his paternal inheritance. This refusal made Ahab "heavy and displeased" (1Ki 21:4). Jezebel, the king's wife, then took the matter in hand, and by false accusation on an irrelevant charge procured the death of Naboth by stoning (1Ki 21:7-14). As Ahab was on his way to take possession of the vineyard he met Elijah the prophet, who denounced his vile act and pronounced judgment on king and royal house. A temporary respite was given to Ahab because of a repentant mood (1Ki…
Naboth
Fruits, “the Jezreelite,” was the owner of a portion of ground on the eastern slope of the hill of Jezreel (2 Kings 9:25, 26). This small “plat of ground” seems to have been all he possessed. It was a vineyard, and lay “hard by the palace of Ahab” (1 Kings 21:1, 2), who greatly coveted it. Naboth, however, refused on any terms to part with it to the king. He had inherited it from his fathers, and no Israelite could lawfully sell his property (Lev. 25:23). Jezebel, Ahab’s wife, was grievously offended at Naboth’s refusal to part with his vineyard. By a crafty and cruel plot she compassed his death. His sons also shared his fate (2 Kings 9:26;
(fruits), the victim of Ahab and Jezebel, was the owner of a small vineyard at Jezreel, close to the royal palace of Shab. (1 Kings 21:1,2) (B.C. 897.) It thus became an object of desire to the king, who offered an equivalent in money or another vineyard. In exchange for this Naboth, in the independent spirit of a Jewish landholder, refused: "The Lord forbid it me that I should give the inheritance of my father unto thee." Ahab was cowed by this reply; but the proud spirit of Jezebel was aroused. She took the matter into her own hands. A fast was proclaimed, as on the announcement of some impending calamity. Naboth was "set on high" in the public place of Samaria; two men of worthless character accused him of having "cursed God and the king." He and his children, (2 Kings 9:26)…
An Israelite at Jezreel, who declined selling his ancestral vineyard to Ahab, Le 25:23,24; and was in consequence murdered, on a false charge of blasphemy contrived by Jezebel the queen. Ahab took immediate possession of the coveted vineyard—perhaps as being legally for forfeited to the government, construing blasphemy as treason; or it may be, that the heirs were deterred from asserting their claim by a dread of the unscrupulous arts of Jezebel. Elijah, however, did not fear to denounce against the king and queen the vengeance of One "higher than they," 1Ki 21:1-29 2Ki 9:24-26,36 Ec 5:8.
מוּת (mūth) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to die' or 'to kill.' It encompasses a range of meanings from dying naturally to being executed as a penalty. The word can refer to both humans and animals, and it includes various forms such as causing death or being killed. There is a distinction in usage based on the subject, whether it is a person or God inflicting death.
מוּת vb. die
Qal
die, of natural or other causes
die as a penalty = be put to death
Po‛lel. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
Hiph.
abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
subj. God, by inflicting penalty
of animals killing men
bring to a premature death
Hoph. be killed, put to death
base
H4191 מוּת die .. die, of natural or other causes
. die as a penalty = be put to death
. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
. . abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
. subj. God, by inflicting penalty
. of animals killing men
. bring to a premature death
. be killed, put to death
4191 muwth mooth
a primitive root: to die (literally or figuratively);
causatively, to kill:--X at all, X crying, (be) dead (body,
man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to,
be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), X must needs,
slay, X surely, X very suddenly, X in (no) wise.
מוּת (mut) — to die.
1) to die, kill, have one executed
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to die
1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death
1a3) to die, perish (of a nation)
1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)
1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch
1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be killed, be put to death
1d1a) to die prematurely
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
