1 Chronicles 27:15 — Word Study
WLCהַשְּׁנֵ֤ים עָשָׂר֙ לִשְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֣ר הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ חֶלְדַּ֥י הַנְּטוֹפָתִ֖י לְעָתְנִיאֵ֑ל וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ פ
BSAThe twelfthshᵉnayim [last] for the twelfthshᵉnayim [final] monthchôdesh was HeldaiChelday [a warrior, captain] the NetophathiteNᵉṭôphâthîy [from Netophah, a place of dropping] [from the family] of OthnielʻOthnîyʼêl [lineage, descendants, lion of God, a judge of Israel] [There were] 24,000ʻesrîym [twenty-four thousand, a large company] [men] inʻal his divisionmachălôqeth [section, group]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| הַשְּׁנֵ֤ים | the two [plus] | Particle, noun common both dual absolute |
| עָשָׂר֙ | ten | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| לִשְׁנֵ֣ים | for two [plus] | Preposition, noun common both dual absolute |
| עָשָׂ֣ר | ten | Noun common, both singular construct |
| הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ | the month | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| חֶלְדַּ֥י | Heldai | Noun proper masculine |
| הַנְּטוֹפָתִ֖י | the Netophathite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| לְעָתְנִיאֵ֑ל | of Othniel | Preposition, noun proper masculine |
| וְעַל֙ | and [were] with | Conjunction, preposition |
| מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ | division his | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| עֶשְׂרִ֥ים | twenty | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה | and four | Conjunction, noun common both singular absolute |
| אָֽלֶף׃ פ | thousand | Noun common, both singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The twelfth, for the twelfth month, was Heldai the Netophathite, from the family of Othniel. There were 24,000 men in his division. |
| KJV | The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. |
| ASV | The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. |
| YLT | The twelfth, for the twelfth month, [is] Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel, and on his course [are] twenty and four thousand. |
| WEB | The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel. In his division were twenty-four thousand. |
| BBE | The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel; and in his division were twenty-four thousand. |
Where they part company is in the details of the names and numbers, but all translations agree on the essential structure of the verse.
The sentence has a main clause with additional details provided through prepositional phrases, creating a clear structure that emphasizes the leader and his division.
4 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge, Whedon & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 27:15
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Organization of David's Militarygenerated
1 Chronicles 27:15 details the leaders of David's military divisions, specifically noting Heldai the Netophathite as the commander for the twelfth month. This verse illustrates how David organized his army into divisions, each led by a captain responsible for a specific month, highlighting the structure and order within his reign. The mention of the number of men in each division reflects the scale of David's military organization, which was crucial for maintaining control and effectiveness in battle.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chronicles 11:30 | Maharai the Netophathite, Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite, |
| 2 | 2 Samuel 23:29 | Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite, Ittai son of Ribai from Gibeah of the Benjamites, |
| 3 | 1 Chronicles 4:13 | The sons of Kenaz: Othniel and Seraiah. The sons of Othniel: Hathath and Meonothai. |
| 4 | Judges 3:9 | But when the Israelites cried out to the LORD, He raised up Othniel son of Caleb’s younger brother Kenaz as a deliverer to save them. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חֶלְדַּי, chel.Daigenerated
The name חֶלְדַּי (Heldai) identifies a military leader in King David's army. It is a proper noun, indicating an individual rather than a common role. The name means 'worldly' and signifies a warrior's identity, as he is noted for his leadership during a specific month of service.
The context of Heldai's mention in this verse connects him to the broader military structure of Israel, emphasizing his role within the lineage of Othniel, a significant figure in Israel's history.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is implied in the structure, with a series of noun phrases detailing the subject and its attributes. The sentence lists the twelfth division and its leader, followed by the number of men in the division.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the division and its leader first, followed by the details of the count, which highlights the importance of leadership in military organization.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates חֶלְדַּי as ξολδαι, which maintains the proper noun status of Heldai. This choice reflects a direct rendering without interpretation, preserving the identity of the military leader.
The use of the term for divisions in the Septuagint aligns with the Hebrew, indicating a consistent understanding of military organization across both texts.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 27:15 describes the twelfth military division under Heldai the Netophathite, noting that he led a group of 24,000 men. This verse is part of a list detailing the leaders of David's military, showing how he organized his army by month and division.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Heldai was a military leader in King David's army, specifically mentioned as the captain for the twelfth month.
Netophathite indicates that Heldai was from Netophah, a place whose name suggests a location of dropping, likely near a spring.
There were 24,000 men in Heldai's division, indicating a significant military presence.
Organizing the military by months allowed for systematic leadership and ensured that each division was prepared and accountable for their service.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about leadership from the way David organized his military divisions?
- How does the role of Heldai reflect the importance of individual leaders in a larger organization?
- What does the number of men in each division tell us about the scale of David's military?
- In what ways can we apply the principles of organization and accountability seen in this verse to our own lives?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 27:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe ninth captain for the ninth month was Abiezer the Anetothite, of the Benjamites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 27 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(15) Heldai (living).—The same as “Heled” (life) in 1 Chronicles 11:30. Of Othniel.—Of the clan so called. (Comp. Joshua 15:17.) His town was Netophah, near Bethlehem. Of the whole list of twelve generals, it is noticeable that eight—viz., the first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, tenth, and twelfth—belonged to the royal tribe of Judah. Of the remaining four, the second perhaps, and the ninth certainly, was a Benjamite; the seventh and eleventh were Ephraimites.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 27 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges15. Heldai] Called Heled in 1 Chronicles 11:30. of Othniel] Cp. Judges 1:13; Judges 3:9. Thus Heldai was not of pure Israelite descent, but belonged to the Kenizzites (Kenaz), a younger branch of the Calebites, who, it seems, were a tribe incorporated into Judah either shortly before or during the conquest of Canaan. See Hastings’ Bible Dict. Art. Caleb.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 27 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleTHE TWELVE , 1-15.“The military force was distributed into twelve legions of 24,000 men each=288,000 men fit for service; each of these legions was on duty for a month at a time, and during the rest
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Chronicles 27 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The twelfth, for the twelfth month, was Heldai the Netophathite, from the family of Othniel. There were 24,000 men in his division.
The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel. In his division were twenty-four thousand.
The twelfth, for the twelfth month, was Heldai the Netophathite, from the family of Othniel. There were 24,000 men in his division.
The twelfth, assigned the twelfth month, was Heldai the Netophathite, a descendant of Othniel. His division consisted of 24,000 men.
Tyndale line
The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.
The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.
The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.
The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand.
The twelft for the twelft moneth was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course foure and twentie thousand.
Strictly literal
The twelfth for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel; and in his division were twenty-four thousand.
The twelfth, for the twelfth month, [is] Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel, and on his course [are] twenty and four thousand.
The twelfth, for the twelfth month, [is] Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel, and twenty-four thousand [are] on his division.
The twelfth for the twelfth month was Cheldai the Netophathite, of 'Othniel; and in his division were twenty and four thousand.
The commander for the twelfth month was Heldai from the city of Netophah, from the clan descended from Othniel. In his division were twenty-four thousand men.
From the Latin
The twelfth, for the twelfth month, was Holdai a Netophathite, of the race of Gothoniel: and in his company were four and twenty thousand.
Simplified
The twelfth, for the twelfth month, was Heldai the Netophathite, from the family of Othniel. He had 24,000 men in his division.
The twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel; and in his division were twenty-four thousand.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show agreement in the essential details of 1 Chronicles 27:15. While the Septuagint's word order differs, it matches nine of the thirteen words from the Hebrew text, indicating a faithful transmission of the content.
הַשְּׁנֵ֤ים עָשָׂר֙ לִשְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֣ר הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ חֶלְדַּ֥י הַנְּטוֹפָתִ֖י לְעָתְנִיאֵ֑ל וְעַל֙ מַחֲלֻקְתּ֔וֹ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֖ה אָֽלֶף׃ פ
9 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 27:15
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.
שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two
base
H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two
8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim
dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also
(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +
twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.
see HEBREW for 08145
שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.
1) two
1a) two (the cardinal number)
1a1) two, both, double, twice
1b) second (the ordinal number)
1c) in combination with other numbers
1d) both (a dual number)
Art | Adj — Particle · noun common both dual absoluteHTd/Ncbda
עָשָׂר (asar) means 'ten' and is used exclusively in combination with other numbers to form the teen numbers (11-19), both as cardinal and ordinal forms. The entries indicate that it is derived from another Hebrew root, but do not elaborate on its etymology.
עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal
base
H6240 עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal
6240 `asar aw-sawr'
for 6235; ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also
(ordinal) -teenth:--(eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-,
six-, thir-)teen(-th), + eleven(-th), + sixscore thousand, +
twelve(-th).
see HEBREW for 06235
עָשָׂר (a.sar) — ten.
1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers)
1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19
HNcbsa — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.
שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two
base
H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two
8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim
dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also
(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +
twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.
see HEBREW for 08145
שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.
1) two
1a) two (the cardinal number)
1a1) two, both, double, twice
1b) second (the ordinal number)
1c) in combination with other numbers
1d) both (a dual number)
Prep | Adj — Preposition · noun common both dual absoluteHR/Ncbda
עָשָׂר (asar) means 'ten' and is used exclusively in combination with other numbers to form the teen numbers (11-19), both as cardinal and ordinal forms. The entries indicate that it is derived from another Hebrew root, but do not elaborate on its etymology.
עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal
base
H6240 עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal
6240 `asar aw-sawr'
for 6235; ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also
(ordinal) -teenth:--(eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-,
six-, thir-)teen(-th), + eleven(-th), + sixscore thousand, +
twelve(-th).
see HEBREW for 06235
עָשָׂר (a.sar) — ten.
1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers)
1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19
HNcbsc — Noun common · both singular constructHNcbsc
חֹ֫דֶשׁ (chodesh) refers to the concept of newness, specifically the new moon and the month. It denotes both the lunar month and the first day of that month. The entries consistently emphasize its connection to timekeeping in the Hebrew calendar.
חֹ֫דֶשׁ 282 n.m. (newness), new moon, month
base
H2320 חֹ֫דֶשׁ (newness), new moon, month
2320 chodesh kho'-desh
from 2318; the new moon; by implication, a
month:--month(-ly), new moon.
see HEBREW for 02318
חֹ֫דֶשׁ (cho.desh) — month.
: month
1) the new moon, month, monthly
1a) the first day of the month
1b) the lunar month
חֹ֫דֶשׁ (cho.desh) — month: new moon.
: new_moon
1) the new moon, month, monthly
1a) the first day of the month
1b) the lunar month
Also means: cho.desh (חֹ֫דֶשׁ ": month" H2320)
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
munth (chodhesh, yerach; men): Chodhesh is strictly the "new moon," the appearance of which marked the beginning of the month, commonly indicated by ro'sh ha-chodhesh. Yerach is derived from yareach, "moon," which comes from the verb that means "to wander," "to make a circuit." Thus the month was lunar, the period of the moon's circuit. The Greek men also meant "moon," from the Sanskrit ma, "to measure," the Latin mensis and our "moon" being derived from the same root.
Month
Among the Egyptians the month of thirty days each was in use long before the time of the Exodus, and formed the basis of their calculations. From the time of the institution of the Mosaic law the month among the Jews was lunar. The cycle of religious feasts depended on the moon. The commencement of a month was determined by the observation of the new moon. The number of months in the year was usually twelve (1 Kings 4:7; 1 Chr. 27:1-15); but every third year an additional month (ve-Adar) was inserted, so as to make the months coincide with the seasons.
“The Hebrews and Phoenicians had no word for month save ’moon,’ and only saved their calendar from becoming vague like that of the Moslems by the interpolation of an additional month. There is no evidence at all that they ever…
From the time of the institution of the Mosaic law downward the religious feasts commencing with the passover depended not simply on the month, but on the moon; the 14th of Abib was coincident with the full moon; and the new moons themselves were the occasions of regular festivals. (Numbers 10:10; 28:11-14) The commencement of the month was generally decided by observation of the new moon. The usual number of months in a year was twelve, as implied in (1 Kings 4:7; 1 Chronicles 27:1-15) but since twelve lunar months would make but 354 1/2 days, the years would be short twelve days of the short twelve days of the true year, and therefore it follows as a matter of course that an additional month must have been inserted about…
The Hebrews months were lunar months, that is, from one new moon to another. These lunar months were each reckoned at twenty-nine days and a half; or rather, one was of thirty days, the following of twenty-nine, and so on alternately: that which had thirty days was called a full or complete month; that which had but twenty-nine days was called incomplete. The new moon was always the beginning of the month and this day they called new-moon day, or new month. The Hebrews usually designated the months only as first, second, etc.; and the names by which they are now known are believed to be of Persian origin, and to have been adopted by the Jews during the captivity. At the exodus from Egypt, which occurred in April, God ordained that that month-the seventh of the civil year—should be the first of the sacred year, according to which the religious festivals were to be reckoned; and from that…
חֶלְדַּי (Chelday) refers to a name meaning 'worldly.' It identifies two individuals: one of David's mighty warriors and a returning exile during the time of Zechariah. The name appears in 2 Samuel 23:29 and Zechariah 6:10, with variations including Helem and Heled.
חֶלְדַּי n.pr.m.
one of David’s heroes
a returned exile
base
H2469 חֶלְדַּי
2469 Chelday khel-dah'-ee
from 2466; worldliness; Cheldai, the name of two
Israelites:--Heldai.
see HEBREW for 02466
חֶלְדַּי (chel.day) — Heldai.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Zec.6.10; also called Helem at Zec.6.14;
Also named: che.lem (חֵ֫לֶם "Helem" H2494)
§ Heldai = "worldly"
1) one of David's mighty warriors and the 12th captain of the monthly courses for the temple service
2) a returning exile in the time of Zechariah
חֶלְדַּי (chel.day) — Heldai.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.23.29;
son of: Baanah (H1196H); also called Heldai at 1Ch.27.15; Heled at 1Ch.11.30;
Another name of che.lev (חֵ֫לֶב "Heleb" H2460)
§ Heldai = "worldly"
1) one of David's mighty warriors and the 12th captain of the monthly courses for the temple service
2) a returning exile in the time of Zechariah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
hel'-da-i (chelday):
(1) A captain of the temple-service, appointed for the 12th month (1Ch 27:15). Same as Heled (cheledh) in parallel list (compare 1Ch 11:30), and is probably also to be identified with Heleb, son of Baanah the Metophathite, one of David's heroic leaders (2Sa 23:29).
(2) One of a company of Jews who brought gifts of gold and silver from Babylon to assist the exiles under Zerubbabel (Zec 6:10).
Heldai
Wordly. (1.) 1 Chr. 27:15; called also Heleb (2 Sam. 23:29); one of David’s captains.
(2.) Zech. 6:10, one who returned from Babylon.
(worldly). The twelfth captain of the monthly courses for the temple service. (1 Chronicles 27:15) (B.C. 1014.) An Israelite who seems to have returned from the captivity. (Zechariah 6:10) (B.C. 520.)
Heleb, Heled, the world; rustiness
נְטֹפָתִי (Ntophathiy) refers to a Netophathite, an inhabitant of Netophah, a place whose name suggests 'dropping.' The word is derived from נְטֹפָה (Netophah, H5199). The entries consistently identify it as a patronymic term without significant disagreement.
נְטֹפָתִי, נְטוֹפָתִי adj.gent. the Neṭophathite; Neṭophathites
base
H5200 נְטֹפָתִי
5200 Ntophathiy net-o-faw-thee'
patronymic from 5199; a Netophathite, or inhabitant of
Netophah:--Netophathite.
see HEBREW for 05199
נְטֹפָתִי (ne.to.pha.ti) — Netophathite.
Group of ne.to.phah (נְטֹפָה "Netophah" H5199)
§ Netophathite, of Netophath "dropping"
an inhabitant of Netophah
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
an inhabitant of Neophah.
עָתְנִיאֵל (Othniy'el) refers to a biblical figure known as the first judge of Israel, described as the son of Kenaz and a hero in Israelite history. The name is derived from elements meaning 'force of God.' He is first mentioned in Joshua 15:17, where he is noted for delivering the Israelites from oppression.
עָתְנִיאֵל n.pr.m. son of Ḳenaz, a hero in Isr.
base
H6274 עָתְנִיאֵל
6274 `Othniy'el oth-nee-ale'
from the same as 6273 and 410; force of God; Othniel, an
Israelite:--Othniel.
see HEBREW for 06273
see HEBREW for 0410
עׇתְנִיאֵל (ot.ni.el) — Othniel.
A Judge living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jos.15.17;
son of: Kenaz (H7073I);
brother of: Seraiah (H8304J); married to Achsah (H5915);
father of: Hathath (H2867) and Meonothai (H4587)(?)
§ Othniel = "lion of God"
son of Kenaz, younger brother of Caleb, and husband of Achsah the daughter of Caleb and his own niece; first judge of Israel, who after the death of Joshua, delivered the Israelites from the oppression of Chushanrishathaim
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper masculineHR/Npm
oth'-ni-el (`othni'el): A hero in Israel, son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother. He conquered Kiriath-sepher, later known as Debir, in the territory of Judah in the days of Joshua, and was given the daughter of Caleb, Achsah, to wife as a reward (Jos 15:17, parallel found in Jud 1:13). He later smote Cushan-rishathaim, king of Mesopotamia, whom the children of Israel had served 8 years, and thus not only saved the Israelites, but by reviving national sentiment among them (compare Ant, V, iv, 3), and reestablishing government, became the first of those hero-rulers known as "judges." The effects of his victory lasted an entire generation (40 years, Jud 3:9-11). He had a son named Hathath (
Othniel
Lion of God, the first of the judges. His wife Achsah was the daughter of Caleb (Josh. 15:16, 17; Judg. 1:13). He gained her hand as a reward for his bravery in leading a successful expedition against Debir (q.v.). Some thirty years after the death of Joshua, the Israelites fell under the subjection of Chushan-rishathaim (q.v.), the king of Mesopotamia. He oppressed them for full eight years, when they “cried” unto Jehovah, and Othniel was raised up to be their deliverer. He was the younger brother of Caleb (Judg. 3:8, 9-11). He is the only judge mentioned connected with the tribe of Judah. Under him the land had rest forty years.
(lion of God), son of Kenaz and younger brother of Caleb. (Joshua 15:17; Judges 1:13; 3:9; 1 Chronicles 4:13) (B.C. 1460.) The first mention of Othniel is on occasion of the taking of Kirjath-sepher, or Debir as it was afterward called. Caleb promised to give his daughter Achsah to whosoever should assault and take the city. Othniel won the prize. The next mention of him is in (Judges 3:9) where he appears as the first judge of Israel after the death of Joshua, and the deliverer of his countrymen from the oppression of Chushahrishathaim (Judges 3:8-9)
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
מַחֲלֹ֫קֶת (machaloqeth) refers to a division or course, often in the context of Levites, priests, or soldiers. It denotes a section or allotment, and is primarily used in a technical sense within religious or organizational structures. The term is derived from another Hebrew word, and its Aramaic equivalent is noted as well.
מַחֲלֹ֫קֶת n.f. division, course (almost wholly Chr.)
base
H4256 מַחֲלֹ֫קֶת
4256 machaloqeth makh-al-o'-keth
from 2505; a section (of Levites, people or
soldiers):--company, course, division, portion. See also
5555.
see HEBREW for 02505
see HEBREW for 05555
מַחֲלֹ֫קֶת (ma.cha.lo.qet) — division.
1) division, course, class, share, allotment
1a) division, part
1b) division, class, course
1b1) of priests, Levites (technical term of organisation)
Aramaic equivalent: mach.le.qah (מַחְלְקָה "class" H4255)
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3ms
עֶשְׂרִים (esriym) means 'twenty' and can also refer to the ordinal 'twentieth.' It is derived from the root word for 'ten' and has an Aramaic equivalent, עֶשְׂרִין (es.rin). The entries consistently define the term without significant disagreement.
עֶשְׂרִים (a) twenty
base
H6242 עֶשְׂרִים (a) twenty
6242 `esriym es-reem'
from 6235; twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth:--(six-)score,
twenty(-ieth).
see HEBREW for 06235
עֶשְׂרִים (es.rim) — twenty.
twenty, twentieth
Aramaic equivalent: es.rin (עֶשְׂרִין "twenty" H6243)
Adj — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
twen'-ti.
See NUMBER.
אַרְבַּע (arba) means 'four' in Hebrew. It is a masculine noun derived from the root associated with the number four. The entries consistently affirm this meaning without any significant disagreement among lexicons.
אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
base
H702 אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
702 'arba` ar-bah'
masculine oarbaah {ar-baw-aw'}; from 7251; four:--four.
see HEBREW for 07251
אַרְבַּע (ar.ba) — four.
four
HC/Ncbsa — Conjunction · noun common both singular absoluteHC/Ncbsa
for ('arba`; tessares): "Four" (cardinal number) was a sacred and complete number with the Hebrews, as well as with several other peoples. It occurs very frequently in the Old Testament and the New Testament.
(1) It indicates completeness. We have the four rivers of Paradise (Ge 2:10); the four winds of heaven (Eze 37:9; Da 7:2; 8:8; 11:4; Zec 6:5, the Revised Version, margin "spirits"; /APC 2Esdras 13:5); "the four winds" (Mt 24:31; Mr 13:27); "the four corners of the earth" (Isa 11:12;
אֶ֫לֶף (eleph) means 'thousand' in Hebrew. It can refer to the numeral itself or denote a company or clan, particularly a group of men under one leader. The word is built from the concept of a thousand, and it is associated with the ox's head, which is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
אֶ֫לֶף n.m. thousand
base
H505 אֶ֫לֶף thousand
505 'eleph eh'-lef
prop, the same as 504; hence (the ox's head being the first
letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral)
a thousand:--thousand.
see HEBREW for 0504
אֶ֫לֶף (e.leph) — thousand.
: thousand
1) a thousand
1a) as numeral
2) a thousand, company
2a) as a company of men under one leader, troops
אֶ֫לֶף (e.leph) — thousand: clan.
: clan
1) a thousand
1a) as numeral
2) a thousand, company
2a) as a company of men under one leader, troops
HNcbsa — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
thou'-zand ('eleph; chilioi).
See NUMBER.