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1 Chronicles 13:1 — Word Study

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WLCוַיִּוָּעַ֣ץ דָּוִ֗יד עִם־ שָׂרֵ֧י הָאֲלָפִ֛ים וְהַמֵּא֖וֹת לְכָל־ נָגִֽיד׃

BSAThen DavidDâvid [the king of Israel, a leader of God's people] conferredyâʻats [discussed, consulted, had discussions] withʻim allkôl his leadersnâgîyd [rulers, commanders, every chief] the commanderssar [captains, army officers] of thousandsʼeleph and of hundredsmêʼâh

Word
Listen & take away1 Chronicles 13
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 1 opens the chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (na.Gid) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
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1 Chronicles 13:1quick helps
In a sentenceDavid consulted with his leaders about a significant decision.
Who is speakingDavid, the king of Israel.
Where we areThis verse is part of a narrative about David's leadership and decision-making.
The hard wordיָעַץ
Take awayDavid sought counsel from his commanders.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectדָּוִד verbיָעַץ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 13:1

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — David Consults His Leadersgenerated

1Then David conferred with all his leaders, the commanders of hundreds and of thousands.
2And he said to the whole assembly of Israel, “If it seems good to you, and if this is of the LORD our God, let us send word far and wide to the rest of our brothers in all the land of Israel, and also to the priests and Levites in their cities and pasturelands, so that they may join us.
3Then let us bring back the ark of our God, for we did not inquire of Him in the days of Saul.”
4And because this proposal seemed right to all the people, the whole assembly agreed to it.

1 Chronicles 13:1 describes a moment where David, the king of Israel, engages with his leaders to discuss an important matter. This passage highlights David's leadership style, emphasizing collaboration and consultation with those in command. The subsequent verses reveal the collective decision-making process that follows this consultation, demonstrating the unity among Israel's leaders.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
11 Chronicles 12:14–20These Gadites were army commanders, the least of whom was a match for a hundred, and the greatest for a thousand.
22 Samuel 6:1David again assembled the chosen men of Israel, thirty thousand in all.
32 Kings 23:1Then the king summoned all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.
42 Chronicles 29:20Early the next morning King Hezekiah gathered the city officials and went up to the house of the LORD.
52 Chronicles 34:29–30Then the king summoned all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יָעַץ, vai.yi.va.'Atzgenerated

The verb יָעַץ (ya`ats) means to advise or counsel. It indicates a process of seeking guidance and making plans collaboratively. In this verse, the Niphal form suggests that David is not only advising but also receiving counsel from his leaders, emphasizing the relational aspect of decision-making.

This word can imply a range of activities, from simple advice to more complex deliberations. David's action of consulting reflects his leadership approach, valuing input from his commanders to ensure a well-informed decision.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb in this verse is יָעַץ, he consulted, which governs the entire clause. The structure includes a subject, David, and a series of noun phrases that detail who he consulted with, specifically the commanders of hundreds and thousands.

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on David's action first, followed by the details of his leaders, which highlights the importance of the consultation.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יָעַץ as ἐβουλεύσατο (ebouleusato), which means 'he deliberated' or 'he consulted.' This choice reflects a similar emphasis on the act of seeking advice, maintaining the collaborative aspect of David's leadership.

The Greek term carries a nuance of thoughtful consideration, aligning well with the Hebrew meaning and suggesting a deliberate process in David's decision-making.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

1 Chronicles 13:1 tells us that David consulted with all his leaders, including the commanders of hundreds and thousands. This shows David's approach to leadership, as he sought advice and worked together with his commanders to make important decisions.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

Why did David consult his leaders?

David consulted his leaders to gather input and make informed decisions regarding the direction of Israel, reflecting a collaborative leadership style.

What does the word 'conferred' imply in this context?

'Conferred' implies a discussion or consultation, indicating that David was not making decisions in isolation but rather engaging with his commanders.

How does this verse reflect David's leadership style?

This verse highlights David's leadership style as inclusive and consultative, showing that he valued the opinions and advice of his commanders.

What can we learn from David's approach to decision-making?

David's approach teaches the importance of seeking counsel and collaborating with others when making significant decisions.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life can I seek counsel from others, like David did with his leaders?
  2. How can I apply David's consultative approach to my own leadership roles?
  3. What does it mean to me to involve others in decision-making processes?
  4. How can I ensure that I am open to receiving advice and guidance from those around me?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 13:1 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And David consulted with the captains of thousands, and hundreds, and with every leader.

Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 13 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And David consulted with the captains of thousands and hundreds, and with every leader.

Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 13 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

1 CHAPTER 13 David fetcheth the ark from Kirjath-jearim with great solemnity, . Uzza being smitten, the ark is left at the house of Obed-edom, . Or, governor or elder of the people.

Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 13 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

1 Chronicles 13:1 And David consulted with the captains of thousands and hundreds, [and] with every leader.Ver. 1. And David consulted.] He was not of that king of Scotland’ s mind, who seldom asked counsel, and never followed any. But though himself were full of wisdom, yet he advised with his subjects about the weighty work he had in hand. See Proverbs 11:22; Proverbs 20:18; Proverbs 24:6. His first care was to establish religion; as the first thing Abraham did in any place he moved to, was to set up an altar. "Seek first the kingdom of God," &c.

Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 13 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

XIII.(1) And David consulted.—This consultation took place some time after the coronation at Hebron (comp. 2 Samuel 6:1), “And David gathered together again every chosen man iýý Israel, thirty thousand.” This is all that Samuel has corresponding to our 1 Chronicles 13:1-5. It is by no means necessary to assume that, “according to the context, we are still at Hebron in the assemblage of 350,000 warriors” (Reuss). Samuel implies the contrary. Captains of thousands.—The thousands (comp. 1 Chronicles 12:20). And the hundreds.—Comp. Numbers 31:14. The hundreds were the smaller military divisions of the tribe, representing, perhaps, the warlike strength of the houses, as the thousands represented…

Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 13 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

CHAPTER XIII David consults with his officers, and resolves to bring back the ark from the house of Abinadab, 1-4. They place it on a new cart, and Uzza and Ahio drive the cart; the oxen stumbling, Uzza puts forth his hand to save the ark from falling, and he is smitten by the Lord, 5-10. David is displeased, and orders the ark to be carried to the house of Obed-edom the Gittite, 11-13. The ark abides there three months, and the Lord blesses Obed-edom, 14. NOTES ON CHAP. XIII Verse 1. David consulted] Having taken the strong hold of Zion from the Jebusites, organized his army, got assurances of the friendly disposition of the Israelites towards him, he judged it right to do what he could…

Read AdamClarke on 1 Chronicles 13 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

1. David consulted with the captains etc.] The Chronicler is fond of associating the people with the king in religious measures so as to minimise the appearance of arbitrary power which is suggested by the language of the books of Samuel and of Kings; cp. 1 Chronicles 13:4 (the assembly said that they would do so), also 2 Chronicles 30:2; 2 Chronicles 30:4. Similarly in 1 Chronicles 28:2 the king addresses the elders as My brethren. Doubtless the Chronicler had in mind Deuteronomy 17:20.

Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 13 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The captains ... - Such an organisation had probably been established generally through the tribes prior to the time of David: but David seems to have been the first to recognize in these officers of

Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 13 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Then David conferred with all his leaders, the commanders of hundreds and of thousands.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

David consulted with the captains of thousands and of hundreds, even with every leader.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Then David conferred with all his leaders, the commanders of thousands and of hundreds.

NETBNew English Translation2006

David consulted with his military officers, including those who led groups of a thousand and those who led groups of a hundred.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And David consulted with the captains of thousands and hundreds, and with every leader.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And David consulted with the captains of thousands and of hundreds, even with every leader.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And David consulted with the captains of thousands and of hundreds, even with every leader.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And David consulted with the captains of thousands, and of hundreds, and with every leader.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And Dauid counselled with the captaines of thousandes and of hundreths, and with all the gouernours.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And David consulted with the captains of thousands and hundreds, with every prince.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And David consulteth with the heads of the thousands, and of the hundreds, every leader,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And David consults with the heads of the thousands and of the hundreds, [and] with every leader,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And David consulted with the officers of the thousands and hundreds, and with every leader.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

David consulted with the commanders of thousands and of hundreds, with every leader.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And David consulted with the captains of thousands, and of hundreds, and with all the commanders.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

David had discussions with all his leaders, including the army commanders of thousands and hundreds.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Then David had discussions with the captains of thousands and the captains of hundreds and with every chief.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbיִּוָּעַ֣ץhe.consultedsubjectדָּוִ֗ידDavidprepositional phrase · prepositionalעִםwithnoun phraseשָׂרֵ֧יthe.commandersnoun phrasenoun phraseהָofאֲלָפִ֛יםthe.thousandsוְandnoun phraseהַtheמֵּא֖וֹתhundredsprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְtonoun phraseכָלeveryנָגִֽידleader

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads: וַיִּוָּעַ֣ץ דָּוִ֗יד עִם־ שָׂרֵ֧י הָאֲלָפִ֛ים וְהַמֵּא֖וֹת לְכָל־ נָגִֽיד׃. The Septuagint matches seven of the eight words, indicating a strong agreement between the two texts, though the word order differs.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיִּוָּעַ֣ץ דָּוִ֗יד עִם־ שָׂרֵ֧י הָאֲלָפִ֛ים וְהַמֵּא֖וֹת לְכָל־ נָגִֽיד׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיִּוָּעַ֣ץἐβουλεύσατοדָּוִ֗ידδαυιδעִם־μετὰהָאֲלָפִ֛יםτῶνוְהַמֵּא֖וֹתἑκατοντάρξωνלְכָל־παντὶנָגִֽיד׃ἡγουμένῳ

7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

1 Chronicles 13:1יָעַץand he consand he consulteיָעַץדָּוִדDavidDavidדָּוִדעִםwithwithעִםשַׂר[the] comma[the] commanderשַׂראֶ֫לֶףthe thousanthe thousandsאֶ֫לֶףמֵאָהand the hunand the hundredמֵאָהכֹּלto everyto everyכֹּלנָגִידleaderleaderנָגִידעָמַםto darkento darkenעָמַםשָׂרַרto ruleto ruleשָׂרַרכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלנָגַדto tellto tellנָגַדדּוֹדbelovedbelovedדּוֹדאֶ֫לֶףcattlecattleאֶ֫לֶףחֲמִשִּׁיםfiftyfiftyחֲמִשִּׁיםאֲחִיתֹ֫פֶלAhithophelAhithophelאֲחִיתֹ֫פֶלעֵצָהcounselcounselעֵצָהמִזְמוֹרmelodymelodyמִזְמוֹרנָצַחto conductto conductנָצַחשָׁכַבto lie dowto lie down: laשָׁכַבקָבַרto buryto buryקָבַרמֵאָהhundredhundredמֵאָהחָמֵשׁfivefiveחָמֵשׁאֶ֫לֶףthousandthousandאֶ֫לֶףעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 13:1

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and he consulted David with [the] commanders of the thousands and the hundreds to every leader
וַיִּוָּעַ֣ץvai.yi.va.'Atz and he consulted H3289 Verb · Niphal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
79× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to advise or counsel someone, like giving guidance or planning something. It is used in the Bible to describe people seeking advice or working together to make a plan. The KJV translates it as advise or counsel.
Amplified meaning
discussed, consulted, had discussions
Tyndale gloss
to advise
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָעַץ (ya`ats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to advise or counsel. It encompasses various forms, including advising, consulting, and deliberating, with nuances in different stems such as Qal, Niphal, and Hithpael. The word can also imply conspiracy in certain contexts. The entries suggest a focus on guidance and decision-making.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָעַץ vb. advise, counsel

Qal advise, counsel

Niph. consult together, exchange counsel

Hithp. conspire against

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3289 יָעַץ advise, counsel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3289 ya`ats yaw-ats'

a primitive root; to advise; reflexively, to deliberate or

resolve:--advertise, take advise, advise (well), consult,

(give, take) counsel(-lor), determine, devise, guide, purpose.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָעַץ (ya.ats) — to advise.

1) to advise, consult, give counsel, counsel, purpose, devise, plan

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to advise, counsel, give counsel, consult

1a2) counsellor (participle)

1b) (Niphal) to consult together, exchange counsel, deliberate, counsel together

1c) (Hithpael) to conspire

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Niphal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/VNw3ms
and he consulted David with [the] commanders of the thousands and the hundreds to every leader
דָּוִ֗ידda.Vid David H1732 Noun proper masculine
1,075× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
David was the youngest son of Jesse and a king of Judah, first mentioned in Ruth 4:17, and an ancestor of Jesus.
Amplified meaning
the king of Israel, a leader of God's people
Tyndale gloss
David
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָּוִד (David) refers to the second king of Israel, known as the youngest son of Jesse. The name means 'beloved' and is associated with a significant lineage, including many siblings and notable descendants like Solomon. The entries highlight his familial connections and historical context, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דָּוִד, דָּוִיד 1066 n.pr.m. David

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1732 דָּוִד, דָּוִיד David

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1732 David daw-veed'

rarely (fully); Daviyd {daw-veed'}; from the same as 1730;

loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse:--David.

see HEBREW for 01730

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָּוִד (da.vid) — David.

A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17;

son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I);

brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339);

father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

da'-vid (dawidh, or dawidh, "beloved"; Daueid, also in New Testament, Dauid, Dabid; see Thayer's Lexicon):

I. NAME AND GENEALOGY

II. EARLY YEARS

1. Shepherd

2. Slinger

3. Harpist

4. Poet

5. Psalmist

6. Tribesman

III. IN THE SERVICE OF SAUL

1. David First Meets Saul

2. His First Exploit

3. Envy of Saul and Flight of David

4. Jonathan and David

IV. DAVID IN EXILE

1. David as Outlaw

2. David Joins the Philistines

V. DAVID AS KING

1. Civil War

2. Conquests Abroad

3. Political Situation

4. The Ark

VI. DOMESTIC LIFE

1. His Wives and Children

2. Domestic Troubles

VII. HIS OFFICIALS

1. Prophets

2. Priests

3. Military Officers

4. Other Officials

5. Mutual Rivalry

VIII. PERSONAL CHARACTER OF DAVID

1. Chronicles

2. Psalms

3. Complex Character

4. Physical Courage

5. Moral Courage

6. Prudence

7. Strategy

8. Nobility

9. David in Relation to His Family

10. David in Relation to His Friends

11. His Success

12. His Foreign Friends

13. Nemesis

Easton's Bible Dictionary

David

Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam. 17:25. As to his personal appearance, we only know that he was red-haired, with beautiful eyes and a fair face (1 Sam. 16:12; 17:42).

His early occupation was that of tending his father’s sheep on the uplands of Judah. From what we know of his after history, doubtless he frequently beguiled his time, when thus engaged, with his shepherd’s flute, while he drank in the many lessons taught him by the varied scenes spread around him. His first recorded exploits were his encounters with the wild beasts of the field. He mentions that with his own unaided hand he slew a lion and also a…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(well-beloved), the son of Jesse. His life may be divided into three portions: His youth before his introduction to the court of Saul; His relations with Saul; His reign. The early life of David contains in many important respects the antecedents of his future career. It appears that David was the youngest son, probably the youngest child, of a family of ten, and was born in Bethlehem B.C. 1085. The first time that David appears in history at once admits us to the whole family circle. The annual sacrificial feast is being held when Samuel appears, sent by God to anoint one of Jesse’s sons as they pass before him, (1 Samuel 16:6-10) Samuel sends for the youngest, David, who was "keeping the sheep," and anoints him. (1 Samuel 16:11-13) As David stood before Samuel we are enabled to…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Beloved, the youngest son of Jesse, of the tribe of Judah, born in Bethlehem B. C. 1085; one of the most remarkable men in either sacred of secular history. His life is fully recorded in 1Sa 16:1 1Ki 2:46. He was "the Lord’s anointed," chosen by God to be king of Israel instead of Saul, and consecrated to that office by the venerable prophet Samuel long before he actually came to the throne, 1Sa 16:1-13, for which God prepared him by the gift of his Spirit, and a long course of vicissitudes and dangers. In his early pastoral life he distinguished himself by his boldness, fidelity, and faith in God; and while yet a youth was summoned to court, as one expert in music, valiant, prudent in behavior, and comely in person. He…

and he consulted David with [the] commanders of the thousands and the hundreds to every leader
עִם־'im- with H5973 Preposition
1,052× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means with or together, like when God is with his people in Exodus 33:14-15. It's used to describe accompaniment or association, and can also mean against or beside. The word is used to convey a sense of relationship or proximity between people or things.
Tyndale gloss
with
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עִם (im) is a preposition meaning 'with' and covers a range of relationships, including companionship, locality, and possession. It can imply actions done jointly, equality, or even opposition in contexts like combat. The related form מֵעִם (me.im) means 'from with' or 'beside.' The entries reflect various nuances but do not present significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עִם prep. with

of fellowship and companionship

of aid

Of actions done jointly with another

If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, with in the sense of against

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another

Of a common lot together with the wicked

Of equality or resemblance generally aid

Of time, as long as

Of a locality, close to, beside

Of persons, עִם is spec.

in the house or family or service of

In possession of

In the custody or care of

Beside = except

With = friendly with

Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one

Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding

base

מֵעִם 72 from with or beside

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5973a עִם with . of fellowship and companionship

. Of a locality, close to, beside

. Of persons, עִם is spec. . in the house or family or service of

. In possession of

. In the custody or care of

. Beside = except

. With = friendly with

. Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one

. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding

H5973b מֵעִם from with, beside

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5973 `im eem

from 6004; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction

with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with;

often with prepositional prefix (and then usually

unrepresented in English):--accompanying, against, and, as (X

long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from

(among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-)to,

with(-al).

see HEBREW for 06004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עִם (im) — with.

1) with

1a) with

1b) against

1c) toward

1d) as long as

מֵעִם (me.im) — from with.

1a) beside, except

1b) in spite of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and he consulted David with [the] commanders of the thousands and the hundreds to every leader
שָׂרֵ֧יsa.Rei [the] commanders of H8269 Noun common · masculine plural construct
421× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A leader or person in charge, like a prince or captain, as seen in the Bible with King David and other rulers.
Amplified meaning
captains, army officers
Tyndale gloss
ruler
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׂר (sar) refers to a leader or ruler, encompassing a range of meanings from prince and chief to official and captain. It denotes various ranks, including military commanders and religious leaders, and can also imply a noble or merchant of high status. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to rule'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׂר 420 n.m. chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8269 שַׂר chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8269 sar sar

from 8323; a head person (of any rank or class):--captain

(that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper,

lord, ((-task- ))master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.

see HEBREW for 08323

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׂר (sar) — ruler.

1) prince, ruler, leader, chief, chieftain, official, captain

1a) chieftain, leader

1b) vassal, noble, official (under king)

1c) captain, general, commander (military)

1d) chief, head, overseer (of other official classes)

1e) heads, princes (of religious office)

1f) elders (of representative leaders of people)

1g) merchant-princes (of rank and dignity)

1h) patron-angel

1i) Ruler of rulers (of God)

1j) warden

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural construct
HNcmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and he consulted David with [the] commanders of the thousands and the hundreds to every leader
הָאֲלָפִ֛יםha.'a.la.Fim the thousands H505 Particle · noun common both plural absolute
506× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A thousand, as in Exodus 20:6 where God shows love to thousands of people. It represents a large number or a company of people under one leader, like an army or a group of soldiers.
Tyndale gloss
thousand
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֶ֫לֶף (eleph) means 'thousand' in Hebrew. It can refer to the numeral itself or denote a company or clan, particularly a group of men under one leader. The word is built from the concept of a thousand, and it is associated with the ox's head, which is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶ֫לֶף n.m. thousand

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H505 אֶ֫לֶף thousand

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

505 'eleph eh'-lef

prop, the same as 504; hence (the ox's head being the first

letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral)

a thousand:--thousand.

see HEBREW for 0504

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶ֫לֶף (e.leph) — thousand.

: thousand

1) a thousand

1a) as numeral

2) a thousand, company

2a) as a company of men under one leader, troops

אֶ֫לֶף (e.leph) — thousand: clan.

: clan

1) a thousand

1a) as numeral

2) a thousand, company

2a) as a company of men under one leader, troops

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | Adj — Particle · noun common both plural absolute
HTd/Ncbpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Thousands

(Micah 5:2), another name for “families” or “clans” (see Num. 1:16; 10:4; Josh. 22:14, 21). Several “thousands” or “families” made up a “tribe.”

and he consulted David with [the] commanders of the thousands and the hundreds to every leader
וְהַמֵּא֖וֹתve.ha.me.'ot and the hundreds H3967 Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine plural absolute
581× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means a hundred, used as a simple number or part of a larger number in the Bible. It appears in various forms, including fractions like one one-hundredth. Found in books like Genesis and Psalms.
Tyndale gloss
hundred
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֵאָה (me'ah) means 'hundred' in Hebrew. It can refer to a simple number, a component of a larger number, or a fraction representing one one-hundredth. The entries consistently describe its use as a numeral without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֵאָה 583 n.f. hundred

as simple number

as part of larger number

a hundredth part

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3967 מֵאָה hundred . as simple number

. as part of larger number

. a hundredth part

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3967 me'ah may-aw'

or metyah {may-yaw'}; properly, a primitive numeral; a

hundred; also as a multiplicative and a

fraction:--hundred((-fold), -th), + sixscore.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֵאָה (me.ah) — hundred.

1) hundred

1a) as simple number

1b) as part of larger number

1c) as a fraction-one one-hundredth (1/100)

Aramaic equivalent: me.ah (מְאָה "hundred" H3969)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Art | Adj — Conjunction · particle · noun common feminine plural absolute
HC/Td/Ncfpa
and he consulted David with [the] commanders of the thousands and the hundreds to every leader
לְכָל־le.khol to every H3605 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he consulted David with [the] commanders of the thousands and the hundreds to every leader
נָגִֽיד׃na.Gid leader H5057 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
45× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a leader or commander, someone who is in charge or has authority. In the Bible, it is used to describe military, civil, or religious leaders, such as princes or governors.
Amplified meaning
rulers, commanders, every chief
Tyndale gloss
leader
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָגִיד (nagiyd) refers to a leader or ruler, often implying someone in a prominent position, such as a prince or captain. The word encompasses various types of leadership, including civil, military, and religious roles, and can also denote honorable themes or princely matters. It is derived from a root meaning to be in front, suggesting a position of command.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָגִיד n.m. leader (lit. prob. one in front), ruler, prince

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5057 נָגִיד leader (lit. prob. one in front), ruler, prince

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5057 nagiyd naw-gheed'

or nagid {naw-gheed'}; from 5046; a commander (as occupying

the front), civil, military or religious; generally

(abstractly, plural), honorable themes:--captain, chief,

excellent thing, (chief) governor, leader, noble, prince,

(chief) ruler.

see HEBREW for 05046

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָגִיד (na.gid) — leader.

1) leader, ruler, captain, prince

1a) ruler, prince

1b) prince-overseer

1c) ruler (in other capacities)

1d) princely things

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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