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Leviticus 23:30

Leviticus 23:30 in Multiple Translations

I will destroy from among his people anyone who does any work on this day.

And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.

And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any manner of work in that same day, that soul will I destroy from among his people.

And if any person, whoever he may be, on that day does any sort of work, I will send destruction on him from among his people.

I will destroy anyone of you who does any work on this day.

And euery person that shall doe any work that same day, the same person also will I destroy from among his people.

and any person who doth any work in this self-same day I have even destroyed that person from the midst of his people;

Whoever does any kind of work in that same day, I will destroy that person from among his people.

And whatever soul it may be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.

And every soul that shall do any work, the same will I destroy from among his people.

I will get rid of anyone who does any kind of work on that day.

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Berean Amplified Bible — Leviticus 23:30

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Leviticus 23:30 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וְ/כָל הַ/נֶּ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּעֲשֶׂה֙ כָּל מְלָאכָ֔ה בְּ/עֶ֖צֶם הַ/יּ֣וֹם הַ/זֶּ֑ה וְ/הַֽאֲבַדְתִּ֛י אֶת הַ/נֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַ/הִ֖וא מִ/קֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽ/הּ
וְ/כָל kôl H3605 all Conj | N-ms
הַ/נֶּ֗פֶשׁ nephesh H5315 soul Art | N-cs
אֲשֶׁ֤ר ʼăsher H834 which Rel
תַּעֲשֶׂה֙ ʻâsâh H6213 to make V-Qal-Imperf-3fs
כָּל kôl H3605 all N-ms
מְלָאכָ֔ה mᵉlâʼkâh H4399 work N-fs
בְּ/עֶ֖צֶם ʻetsem H6106 bone Prep | N-fs
הַ/יּ֣וֹם yôwm H3117 day Art | N-ms
הַ/זֶּ֑ה zeh H2088 this Art | Pron
וְ/הַֽאֲבַדְתִּ֛י ʼâbad H6 to perish Conj | V-Hiphil-1cs
אֶת ʼêth H853 Obj. DirObjM
הַ/נֶּ֥פֶשׁ nephesh H5315 soul Art | N-cs
הַ/הִ֖וא hûwʼ H1931 he/she/it Art | Pron
מִ/קֶּ֥רֶב qereb H7130 entrails Prep | N-ms
עַמָּֽ/הּ ʻam H5971 Amaw N-ms | Suff
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Leviticus 23:30

וְ/כָל kôl H3605 "all" Conj | N-ms
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.
הַ/נֶּ֗פֶשׁ nephesh H5315 "soul" Art | N-cs
The Hebrew word for soul or living being, used in the Bible to describe the essence of a person or animal. It encompasses the ideas of life, breath, and vitality, and is translated as 'soul' or 'creature' in the KJV. This word is central to biblical concepts of humanity and existence.
Definition: 1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion 1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man 1b) living being 1c) living being (with life in the blood) 1d) the man himself, self, person or individual 1e) seat of the appetites 1f) seat of emotions and passions 1g) activity of mind 1g1) uncertain 1h) activity of the will 1h1) uncertain 1i) activity of the character 1i1) uncertain
Usage: Occurs in 683 OT verses. KJV: any, appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, [idiom] dead(-ly), desire, [idiom] (dis-) contented, [idiom] fish, ghost, [phrase] greedy, he, heart(-y), (hath, [idiom] jeopardy of) life ([idiom] in jeopardy), lust, man, me, mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-, thy-) self, them (your) -selves, [phrase] slay, soul, [phrase] tablet, they, thing, ([idiom] she) will, [idiom] would have it. See also: Genesis 1:20; Leviticus 26:43; Judges 18:25.
אֲשֶׁ֤ר ʼăsher H834 "which" Rel
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when
Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.
תַּעֲשֶׂה֙ ʻâsâh H6213 "to make" V-Qal-Imperf-3fs
This verb means to make or do something, and is used over 2,600 times in the Bible. It is first used in Genesis 1:7 to describe God's creation of the world and is also used in Exodus 31:5 to describe the work of skilled craftsmen.
Definition: : make(OBJECT) 1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to do, work, make, produce 1a1a) to do 1a1b) to work 1a1c) to deal (with) 1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect 1a2) to make 1a2a) to make 1a2b) to produce 1a2c) to prepare 1a2d) to make (an offering) 1a2e) to attend to, put in order 1a2f) to observe, celebrate 1a2g) to acquire (property) 1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute 1a2i) to bring about 1a2j) to use 1a2k) to spend, pass 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be done 1b2) to be made 1b3) to be produced 1b4) to be offered 1b5) to be observed 1b6) to be used 1c) (Pual) to be made
Usage: Occurs in 2286 OT verses. KJV: accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 34:19; Exodus 18:24.
כָּל kôl H3605 "all" N-ms
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.
מְלָאכָ֔ה mᵉlâʼkâh H4399 "work" N-fs
Means work or employment, like a job or business, and is used to describe someone's occupation or the result of their labor, as seen in the Bible's description of various professions and industries.
Definition: 1) occupation, work, business 1a) occupation, business 1b) property 1c) work (something done or made) 1d) workmanship 1e) service, use 1f) public business 1f1) political 1f2) religious
Usage: Occurs in 149 OT verses. KJV: business, [phrase] cattle, [phrase] industrious, occupation, ([phrase] -pied), [phrase] officer, thing (made), use, (manner of) work((-man), -manship). See also: Genesis 2:2; 1 Chronicles 9:13; Psalms 73:28.
בְּ/עֶ֖צֶם ʻetsem H6106 "bone" Prep | N-fs
In the original Hebrew, this word refers to a bone or the body, and can also mean the substance or essence of something. It is used in many parts of the Bible, including in the book of Genesis and Psalms, to describe the physical body.
Definition: : bone/limb 1) bone, essence, substance 1a) bone 1a1) body, limbs, members, external body 1b) bone (of animal) 1c) substance, self
Usage: Occurs in 108 OT verses. KJV: body, bone, [idiom] life, (self-) same, strength, [idiom] very. See also: Genesis 2:23; Job 33:19; Psalms 6:3.
הַ/יּ֣וֹם yôwm H3117 "day" Art | N-ms
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: : day/when/time/period 1) day, time, year 1a) day (as opposed to night) 1b) day (24 hour period) 1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1 1b2) as a division of time 1b2a) a working day, a day's journey 1c) days, lifetime (pl.) 1d) time, period (general) 1e) year 1f) temporal references 1f1) today 1f2) yesterday 1f3) tomorrow
Usage: Occurs in 1930 OT verses. KJV: age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger. See also: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 33:13; Exodus 23:15.
הַ/זֶּ֑ה zeh H2088 "this" Art | Pron
This word is a pronoun meaning this or that, used to point out a specific person or thing. It appears in many contexts, including Genesis and Psalms, to indicate something specific. The KJV translates it as he, here, or it.
Definition: 1) this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, another, such 1a) (alone) 1a1) this one 1a2) this...that, the one...the other, another 1b) (appos to subst) 1b1) this 1c) (as predicate) 1c1) this, such 1d) (enclitically) 1d1) then 1d2) who, whom 1d3) how now, what now 1d4) what now 1d5) wherefore now 1d6) behold here 1d7) just now 1d8) now, now already 1e) (poetry) 1e1) wherein, which, those who 1f) (with prefixes) 1f1) in this (place) here, then 1f2) on these conditions, herewith, thus provided, by, through this, for this cause, in this matter 1f3) thus and thus 1f4) as follows, things such as these, accordingly, to that effect, in like manner, thus and thus 1f5) from here, hence, on one side...on the other side 1f6) on this account 1f7) in spite of this, which, whence, how
Usage: Occurs in 1061 OT verses. KJV: he, [idiom] hence, [idiom] here, it(-self), [idiom] now, [idiom] of him, the one...the other, [idiom] than the other, ([idiom] out of) the (self) same, such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on that side, [idiom] thus, very, which. Compare H2063 (זֹאת), H2090 (זֹה), H2097 (זוֹ), H2098 (זוּ). See also: Genesis 5:1; Exodus 10:17; Numbers 14:16.
וְ/הַֽאֲבַדְתִּ֛י ʼâbad H6 "to perish" Conj | V-Hiphil-1cs
To perish means to be destroyed or lost, whether it's a person, animal, or thing, like the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis 19.
Definition: 1) perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed 1a) (Qal) 1a1) perish, die, be exterminated 1a2) perish, vanish (fig.) 1a3) be lost, strayed 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate 1b2) to blot out, do away with, cause to vanish, (fig.) 1b3) cause to stray, lose 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to destroy, put to death 1c1a) of divine judgment 1c2) object name of kings (fig.) Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (אֲבַד "to destroy" H0007)
Usage: Occurs in 174 OT verses. KJV: break, destroy(-uction), [phrase] not escape, fail, lose, (cause to, make) perish, spend, [idiom] and surely, take, be undone, [idiom] utterly, be void of, have no way to flee. See also: Exodus 10:7; Psalms 112:10; Psalms 1:6.
אֶת ʼêth H853 "Obj." DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
הַ/נֶּ֥פֶשׁ nephesh H5315 "soul" Art | N-cs
The Hebrew word for soul or living being, used in the Bible to describe the essence of a person or animal. It encompasses the ideas of life, breath, and vitality, and is translated as 'soul' or 'creature' in the KJV. This word is central to biblical concepts of humanity and existence.
Definition: 1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion 1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man 1b) living being 1c) living being (with life in the blood) 1d) the man himself, self, person or individual 1e) seat of the appetites 1f) seat of emotions and passions 1g) activity of mind 1g1) uncertain 1h) activity of the will 1h1) uncertain 1i) activity of the character 1i1) uncertain
Usage: Occurs in 683 OT verses. KJV: any, appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, [idiom] dead(-ly), desire, [idiom] (dis-) contented, [idiom] fish, ghost, [phrase] greedy, he, heart(-y), (hath, [idiom] jeopardy of) life ([idiom] in jeopardy), lust, man, me, mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-, thy-) self, them (your) -selves, [phrase] slay, soul, [phrase] tablet, they, thing, ([idiom] she) will, [idiom] would have it. See also: Genesis 1:20; Leviticus 26:43; Judges 18:25.
הַ/הִ֖וא hûwʼ H1931 "he/she/it" Art | Pron
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Definition: pron 3p s 1) he, she, it 1a) himself (with emphasis) 1b) resuming subj with emphasis 1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate) 1d) (anticipating subj) 1e) (emphasising predicate) 1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron 2) that (with article)
Usage: Occurs in 1693 OT verses. KJV: he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who. See also: Genesis 2:11; Genesis 32:19; Exodus 21:3.
מִ/קֶּ֥רֶב qereb H7130 "entrails" Prep | N-ms
This Hebrew word means the inner part or midst of something, whether physical or emotional, and can refer to the entrails of an animal or the seat of thought and emotion. In 1 Kings 17:21, it describes Elijah's emotional plea to God.
Definition: : among/within 1) midst, among, inner part, middle 1a) inward part 1a1) physical sense 1a2) as seat of thought and emotion 1a3) as faculty of thought and emotion 1b) in the midst, among, from among (of a number of persons) 1c) entrails (of sacrificial animals) Also means: qe.rev (קֶ֫רֶב ": inner_parts" H7130H)
Usage: Occurs in 220 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] among, [idiom] before, bowels, [idiom] unto charge, [phrase] eat (up), [idiom] heart, [idiom] him, [idiom] in, inward ([idiom] -ly, part, -s, thought), midst, [phrase] out of, purtenance, [idiom] therein, [idiom] through, [idiom] within self. See also: Genesis 18:12; Joshua 7:12; Psalms 5:10.
עַמָּֽ/הּ ʻam H5971 "Amaw" N-ms | Suff
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Definition: This name means nation, people
Usage: Occurs in 1655 OT verses. KJV: folk, men, nation, people. See also: Genesis 11:6; Exodus 16:4; Leviticus 17:9.

Study Notes — Leviticus 23:30

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Leviticus 20:3 And I will set My face against that man and cut him off from his people, because by giving his offspring to Molech, he has defiled My sanctuary and profaned My holy name.
2 Zephaniah 2:5 Woe to the dwellers of the seacoast, O nation of the Cherethites! The word of the LORD is against you, O Canaan, land of the Philistines: “I will destroy you, and no one will be left.”
3 Jeremiah 15:7 I will scatter them with a winnowing fork at the gates of the land. I will bereave and destroy My people who have not turned from their ways.
4 1 Corinthians 3:17 If anyone destroys God’s temple, God will destroy him; for God’s temple is holy, and you are that temple.
5 Leviticus 20:5–6 then I will set My face against that man and his family and cut off from among their people both him and all who follow him in prostituting themselves with Molech. Whoever turns to mediums or spiritists to prostitute himself with them, I will also set My face against that person and cut him off from his people.
6 Ezekiel 14:9 But if the prophet is enticed to speak a message, then it was I the LORD who enticed him, and I will stretch out My hand against him and destroy him from among My people Israel.
7 Genesis 17:14 But if any male is not circumcised, he will be cut off from his people; he has broken My covenant.”

Leviticus 23:30 Summary

[Leviticus 23:30 means that God is very serious about the Day of Atonement being a day of rest and reflection, and anyone who disobeys this command will face severe consequences. This day is like a Sabbath, a time to stop our ordinary activities and focus on God, as seen in Exodus 20:8-11. By setting aside this time, we can humble ourselves before God and seek His forgiveness, as encouraged in Leviticus 23:29 and 32. This principle can still apply to our lives today, as we seek to prioritize our relationship with God and make time for worship, prayer, and reflection.]

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of not doing any work on the Day of Atonement?

The Day of Atonement is a sacred day when atonement is made for the people before the Lord their God, as seen in Leviticus 23:28, and any work done on this day would profane its holiness, leading to severe consequences as stated in Leviticus 23:30.

What does it mean to be 'destroyed from among his people' in Leviticus 23:30?

This phrase indicates that the person who disobeys God's command will face spiritual and possibly physical death, being cut off from the community of God's people, similar to the consequences mentioned in Leviticus 23:29 and Numbers 15:30-31.

Is the command to not work on the Day of Atonement still applicable today?

While the specific regulations of the Day of Atonement are part of the Old Covenant, the principle of setting aside time for reflection, repentance, and worship is still relevant for believers today, as seen in Hebrews 4:9-11, where believers are encouraged to enter into God's rest.

How does this verse relate to the concept of Sabbath rest?

The command to not work on the Day of Atonement is connected to the idea of Sabbath rest, as both involve setting aside time to focus on God and cease from ordinary activities, as seen in Exodus 20:8-11 and Leviticus 23:31-32.

Reflection Questions

  1. What are some ways I can apply the principle of setting aside time for God in my own life, and what distractions might I need to avoid to make this possible?
  2. How can I balance the need for rest and reflection with the demands of my daily responsibilities, and what role can Sabbath rest play in this balance?
  3. In what ways can I humble myself before God, as commanded in Leviticus 23:29 and 32, and what are the benefits of doing so?
  4. How can I prioritize my relationship with God and make time for worship, prayer, and reflection in my busy schedule, and what are some potential consequences of neglecting this?

Gill's Exposition on Leviticus 23:30

And whatsoever soul [it be] that doeth any work in that same day,.... Any sort of work whatever; for, as before observed, it was to be kept as strictly as the weekly sabbath: the same soul will I

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Leviticus 23:30

Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.

Ellicott's Commentary on Leviticus 23:30

(30) That doeth any work.—That is, engages in any kind of work whatsoever, since this is the only festival which is to be kept like the sabbath. Will I destroy.—Whilst in all other instances where God threatens the offender with the penalty of excision the expression “cut off” is used, in the passage before us the word is “destroy.” This stronger term may be owing to the fact that the day of Atonement is the most solemn day in the whole year, and that violating its sanctity will be visited more severely. Hence the severer expression used on this occasion. It is, however, to be remarked that whilst working on the sabbath was punished with death by stoning, he who transgressed the law of labour on the day of Atonement was punished with excision.

Cambridge Bible on Leviticus 23:30

23–36. Three festivals, the Blowing of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, the Feast of Tabernacles (P).

Sermons on Leviticus 23:30

SermonDescription
Steve McVey Grace Walk Experience - Part 3 by Steve McVey This sermon emphasizes the importance of understanding our identity in Christ to transform our behavior. It highlights the truth that our actions do not define who we are, but rath
J. Glyn Owen From Simon to Peter #31 - the Holy Spirit and Spiritual Discernment by J. Glyn Owen In this sermon, the speaker discusses the opposition faced by the early Christian church and how it consistently fails to hinder its progress. The speaker emphasizes the transforma
J.M. Davies The Assemblies 1 cor.3;17 by J.M. Davies In this sermon, the speaker reflects on his experiences of being part of the people of God for 50 years in various countries. He emphasizes the importance of simplicity and purity
St. Augustine Exposition on Psalm 83 by St. Augustine St. Augustine delves into Psalm 82, interpreting it as a reflection of the congregation of God's people, comparing the Jewish people to the Synagogue and the Christian people to th
Zac Poonen (Knowing God's Way) 13. a Consuming Fire in the Midst of the Church by Zac Poonen Zac Poonen preaches about the concept of God as a consuming fire, emphasizing the need for balance in our understanding of God's nature. He highlights the importance of living righ
St. Augustine Exposition on Psalm 138 by St. Augustine St. Augustine preaches on the Psalms, highlighting the importance of confession not only of sin but also of praise to God. He emphasizes the need for heartfelt worship and thanksgi
Thomas Watson The Mystical Temple by Thomas Watson Thomas Watson preaches about the mystical temple of God, highlighting the spiritual union between Christ and believers using metaphors like the union between the head and the membe

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