Joshua 12:5
Joshua 12:5 in Multiple Translations
He ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all of Bashan up to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead to the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.
And reigned in mount Hermon, and in Salcah, and in all Bashan, unto the border of the Geshurites and the Maachathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.
and ruled in mount Hermon, and in Salecah, and in all Bashan, unto the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.
Ruling in the mountain of Hermon, and in Salecah, and in all Bashan, as far as the limits of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and half Gilead, to the land of Sihon, king of Heshbon.
ruled in the north from Mount Hermon to Sacaleh, and all of Bashan to the east, and west to the borders of the Geshurites and Maacathites, together with half of Gilead up to the border of Sihon, king of Heshbon.
And reigned in mount Hermon, and in Salcah, and in all Bashan, vnto the border of the Geshurites, and the Maachathites, and halfe Gilead, euen the border of Sihon King of Heshbon.
and ruling in mount Hermon, and in Salcah, and in all Bashan, unto the border of the Geshurite, and the Maachathite, and the half of Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.
and ruled in Mount Hermon, and in Salecah, and in all Bashan, to the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.
And reigned in mount Hermon, and in Salcah, and in all Bashan, to the border of the Geshurites, and the Maachathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.
Of Gessuri and Machati, and of half Galaad: the borders of Sehon the king of Hesebon.
He ruled over the area from Hermon Mountain and Salecah in the north, and over all the Bashan area in the east, and to the borders of the kingdoms of Geshur and Maacah to the west. Og ruled the northern half of the Gilead region, as far as the border of the land ruled by King Sihon.
Berean Amplified Bible — Joshua 12:5
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Joshua 12:5 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וּ֠/מֹשֵׁל
בְּ/הַ֨ר
חֶרְמ֤וֹן
וּ/בְ/סַלְכָה֙
וּ/בְ/כָל
הַ/בָּשָׁ֔ן
עַד
גְּב֥וּל
הַ/גְּשׁוּרִ֖י
וְ/הַ/מַּעֲכָתִ֑י
וַ/חֲצִי֙
הַ/גִּלְעָ֔ד
גְּב֖וּל
סִיח֥וֹן
מֶֽלֶךְ
חֶשְׁבּֽוֹן
וּ֠/מֹשֵׁל
mâshal
H4910
to rule
Conj | V-Qal
בְּ/הַ֨ר
har
H2022
mountain
Prep | N-ms
חֶרְמ֤וֹן
Chermôwn
H2768
Hermon
N-proper
וּ/בְ/סַלְכָה֙
Çalkâh
H5548
Salecah
Conj | Prep | N-proper
וּ/בְ/כָל
kôl
H3605
all
Conj | Prep | N-ms
הַ/בָּשָׁ֔ן
Bâshân
H1316
Bashan
Art | N-proper
עַד
ʻad
H5704
till
Prep
גְּב֥וּל
gᵉbûwl
H1366
border
N-ms
הַ/גְּשׁוּרִ֖י
Gᵉshûwrîy
H1651
Geshurite
Art | Ngmsa
וְ/הַ/מַּעֲכָתִ֑י
Maʻăkâthîy
H4602
Maacathite
Conj | Art | Ngmsa
וַ/חֲצִי֙
chêtsîy
H2677
half
Conj | N-ms
הַ/גִּלְעָ֔ד
Gilʻâd
H1568
Gilead
Art | N-proper
גְּב֖וּל
gᵉbûwl
H1366
border
N-ms
סִיח֥וֹן
Çîychôwn
H5511
Sihon
N-proper
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
King's
N-ms
חֶשְׁבּֽוֹן
Cheshbôwn
H2809
Heshbon
N-proper
Hebrew Word Study
Select any word above to explore its original meaning, root, and usage across Scripture.
Use ← → arrow keys to navigate between words.
Hebrew Word Reference — Joshua 12:5
וּ֠/מֹשֵׁל
mâshal
H4910
"to rule"
Conj | V-Qal
To rule means to have power over something or someone, like a king ruling his kingdom, as seen in 1 Samuel. It involves having control and making decisions, like a leader guiding their people. In the Bible, God rules over all things.
Definition: 1) to rule, have dominion, reign 1a) (Qal) to rule, have dominion 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to cause to rule 1b2) to exercise dominion
Usage: Occurs in 74 OT verses. KJV: (have, make to have) dominion, governor, [idiom] indeed, reign, (bear, cause to, have) rule(-ing, -r), have power. See also: Genesis 1:18; Proverbs 16:32; Psalms 8:7.
בְּ/הַ֨ר
har
H2022
"mountain"
Prep | N-ms
A mountain or hill, sometimes used to describe a spiritual high point. In the Bible, it can refer to a real mountain or a figurative one. The word is often translated as hill or mount.
Definition: : mount/hill hill, mountain, hill country, mount
Usage: Occurs in 486 OT verses. KJV: hill (country), mount(-ain), [idiom] promotion. See also: Genesis 7:19; Deuteronomy 3:12; Judges 18:13.
חֶרְמ֤וֹן
Chermôwn
H2768
"Hermon"
N-proper
Hermon is a mountain on the northeastern border of Palestine, meaning a sanctuary. It overlooks the city of Dan and is a significant geographical feature in the Bible.
Definition: § Hermon = "a sanctuary" a mountain on the northeastern border of Palestine and Lebanon and overlooking the border city of Dan
Usage: Occurs in 13 OT verses. KJV: Hermon. See also: Deuteronomy 3:8; Joshua 12:5; Psalms 89:13.
וּ/בְ/סַלְכָה֙
Çalkâh
H5548
"Salecah"
Conj | Prep | N-proper
Salcah was a town in the Bible, located east of the Jordan River, mentioned in Deuteronomy 3:10 and allocated to the tribe of Gad. It was a place of settlement for the Israelites after they left Egypt.
Definition: § Salcah or Salchah = "migration" a town or district at the extreme eastern limit of Bashan and allocated to the tribe of Gad; modern 'Sulkhad' which is 56 miles (90 km) east of the Jordan at the southern extremity of the Hauran mountain range
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: Salcah, Salchah. See also: Deuteronomy 3:10; Joshua 13:11; 1 Chronicles 5:11.
וּ/בְ/כָל
kôl
H3605
"all"
Conj | Prep | N-ms
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.
הַ/בָּשָׁ֔ן
Bâshân
H1316
"Bashan"
Art | N-proper
Bashan was a fertile region east of the Jordan River, given to the half-tribe of Manasseh. It was known for its fruitfulness and is mentioned in the Bible as a significant area.
Definition: § Bashan = "fruitful" a district east of the Jordan known for its fertility which was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh
Usage: Occurs in 53 OT verses. KJV: Bashan. See also: Numbers 21:33; Joshua 21:27; Psalms 22:13.
עַד
ʻad
H5704
"till"
Prep
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Definition: prep 1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as 1a) of space 1a1) as far as, up to, even to 1b) in combination 1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from) 1c) of time 1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end 1d) of degree 1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like conj 2) until, while, to the point that, so that even Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Usage: Occurs in 1128 OT verses. KJV: against, and, as, at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as), (hither-) to, [phrase] how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that, till, toward, until, when, while, ([phrase] as) yet. See also: Genesis 3:19; Exodus 32:20; Numbers 23:24.
גְּב֥וּל
gᵉbûwl
H1366
"border"
N-ms
This word refers to a boundary or border, like the borders of the Promised Land in Numbers 34:1-12. It can also mean a region or territory, as in the borders of Israel in 1 Kings 8:65.
Definition: : boundary 1) border, territory 1a) border 1b) territory (enclosed within boundary) 1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.) Also means: ge.vul (גְּבוּל ": area" H1366H)
Usage: Occurs in 196 OT verses. KJV: border, bound, coast, [idiom] great, landmark, limit, quarter, space. See also: Genesis 10:19; Joshua 19:33; Psalms 78:54.
הַ/גְּשׁוּרִ֖י
Gᵉshûwrîy
H1651
"Geshurite"
Art | Ngmsa
A Geshurite is someone from the land of Geshur or a member of the Geshurite tribe. They lived in an area near the Philistines in south Palestine.
Definition: Group of ge.shur (גְּשׁוּר "Geshur" H1650) § Geshuri or Geshurites 1) inhabitants of Geshur 2) a tribe in south Palestine of or near the Philistines
Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: Geshuri, Geshurites. See also: Deuteronomy 3:14; Joshua 13:11; 1 Samuel 27:8.
וְ/הַ/מַּעֲכָתִ֑י
Maʻăkâthîy
H4602
"Maacathite"
Conj | Art | Ngmsa
A Maacathite is someone from the city of Maakah, which means 'pressure' or 'she has pressed'. The Maacathites were a group of people living in Transjordan, possibly descendants of Maachah. They're mentioned in the Bible as the 'Maachathite'.
Definition: Group of ma.a.khah (מַעֲכָה "Maacah" H4601R) § Maachathite = "pressure (literally she has pressed)" a people dwelling in Transjordan, probably descendants of Maachah
Usage: Occurs in 8 OT verses. KJV: Maachathite. See also: Deuteronomy 3:14; 2 Samuel 23:34; Jeremiah 40:8.
וַ/חֲצִי֙
chêtsîy
H2677
"half"
Conj | N-ms
This word means half or middle, describing a division or a part of something. It is used to talk about physical things or time, like half of the day. The Bible uses it in various contexts.
Definition: 1) half 1a) half 1b) middle
Usage: Occurs in 101 OT verses. KJV: half, middle, mid(-night), midst, part, two parts. See also: Exodus 12:29; Ruth 3:8; Psalms 102:25.
הַ/גִּלְעָ֔ד
Gilʻâd
H1568
"Gilead"
Art | N-proper
Gilead refers to a mountainous region east of the Jordan River, also the name of three Israelites. It means 'rocky region' and is sometimes called 'Mount Gilead'.
Definition: Gilead = "rocky region" a mountainous region bounded on the west by the Jordan, on the north by Bashan, on the east by the Arabian plateau, and on the south by Moab and Ammon; sometimes called 'Mount Gilead' or the 'land of Gilead' or just 'Gilead'. Divided into north and south Gilead
Usage: Occurs in 123 OT verses. KJV: Gilead, Gileadite. See also: Genesis 31:21; 1 Samuel 11:9; Psalms 60:9.
גְּב֖וּל
gᵉbûwl
H1366
"border"
N-ms
This word refers to a boundary or border, like the borders of the Promised Land in Numbers 34:1-12. It can also mean a region or territory, as in the borders of Israel in 1 Kings 8:65.
Definition: : boundary 1) border, territory 1a) border 1b) territory (enclosed within boundary) 1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.) Also means: ge.vul (גְּבוּל ": area" H1366H)
Usage: Occurs in 196 OT verses. KJV: border, bound, coast, [idiom] great, landmark, limit, quarter, space. See also: Genesis 10:19; Joshua 19:33; Psalms 78:54.
סִיח֥וֹן
Çîychôwn
H5511
"Sihon"
N-proper
Sihon was an Amorite king who lived during the time of the Israelites' wilderness journey. He was defeated by Moses in Transjordan, as recorded in Numbers 21:21. His name means warrior.
Definition: A king of Amorites living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Num.21.21 § Sihon = "warrior" king of the Amorites at the time of the conquest and defeated by Moses in Transjordan
Usage: Occurs in 34 OT verses. KJV: Sihon. See also: Numbers 21:21; Deuteronomy 29:6; Psalms 135:11.
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
"King's"
N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
חֶשְׁבּֽוֹן
Cheshbôwn
H2809
"Heshbon"
N-proper
Heshbon was a city east of the Jordan River, serving as the capital of the Amorites under King Sihon, and later becoming part of the tribes of Reuben and Gad.
Definition: § Heshbon = "stronghold" the capital city of Sihon, king of the Amorites, located on the western border of the high plain and on the border line between the tribes of Reuben and Gad
Usage: Occurs in 37 OT verses. KJV: Heshbon. See also: Numbers 21:25; Joshua 12:5; Isaiah 15:4.
Study Notes — Joshua 12:5
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Joshua 12:5 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Joshua 12:5
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 12:5
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 12:5
- Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 12:5
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Joshua 12:5
- Cambridge Bible on Joshua 12:5
- Sermons on Joshua 12:5
Context — The Kings Defeated East of the Jordan
3as well as the Arabah east of the Sea of Chinnereth to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea ), eastward through Beth-jeshimoth, and southward below the slopes of Pisgah.
4And Og king of Bashan, one of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei.
5He ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all of Bashan up to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead to the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.
6Moses, the servant of the LORD, and the Israelites had struck them down and given their land as an inheritance to the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. 7And these are the kings of the land that Joshua and the Israelites conquered beyond the Jordan to the west, from Baal-gad in the Valley of Lebanon to Mount Halak, which rises toward Seir (according to the allotments to the tribes of Israel, Joshua gave them as an inheritanceCross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 3:14 | Jair, a descendant of Manasseh, took the whole region of Argob as far as the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites. He renamed Bashan after himself, Havvoth-jair, by which it is called to this day. |
| 2 | 1 Samuel 27:8 | Now David and his men went up and raided the Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites. (From ancient times these people had inhabited the land extending to Shur and Egypt.) |
| 3 | Joshua 13:11 | also Gilead and the territory of the Geshurites and Maacathites, all of Mount Hermon, and all Bashan as far as Salecah— |
| 4 | Deuteronomy 3:8–10 | At that time we took from the two kings of the Amorites the land across the Jordan, from the Arnon Valley as far as Mount Hermon— which the Sidonians call Sirion but the Amorites call Senir— all the cities of the plateau, all of Gilead, and all of Bashan as far as the cities of Salecah and Edrei in the kingdom of Og. |
| 5 | 2 Samuel 23:34 | Eliphelet son of Ahasbai the Maacathite, Eliam son of Ahithophel the Gilonite, |
| 6 | 2 Samuel 13:37 | Now Absalom fled and went to Talmai son of Ammihud, the king of Geshur. But David mourned for his son every day. |
| 7 | Deuteronomy 4:47–48 | They took possession of the land belonging to Sihon and to Og king of Bashan—the two Amorite kings across the Jordan to the east— extending from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley as far as Mount Siyon (that is, Hermon), |
| 8 | Joshua 12:1 | Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites struck down and whose lands they took beyond the Jordan to the east, from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the Arabah eastward: |
| 9 | 2 Samuel 15:8 | For your servant made a vow while dwelling in Geshur of Aram, saying: ‘If indeed the LORD brings me back to Jerusalem, I will worship the LORD in Hebron.’ ” |
| 10 | 2 Kings 25:23 | When all the commanders of the armies and their men heard that the king of Babylon had appointed Gedaliah as governor, they came to Gedaliah at Mizpah—Ishmael son of Nethaniah, Johanan son of Kareah, Seraiah son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah son of the Maacathite, as well as their men. |
Joshua 12:5 Summary
Joshua 12:5 describes the kingdom of Og, who ruled over a large territory that included Mount Hermon, Salecah, and half of Gilead. This verse shows us that God is in control of all the nations and kingdoms of the world, as seen in Psalm 47:7-9 and Daniel 4:17. The fact that Og's kingdom was later conquered by the Israelites, as seen in Joshua 12:6, reminds us that God is always working out His plan to bring people to Himself, as described in Ephesians 1:9-10 and Revelation 7:9-10. As we reflect on this verse, we can be encouraged by the fact that God is our loving and sovereign King, who rules over all things, as seen in Matthew 28:18 and 1 Timothy 6:15-16.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was the king of Bashan mentioned in Joshua 12:5?
The king of Bashan was Og, as mentioned in Joshua 12:4, who was one of the remnant of the Rephaim and lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei, and his territory is described in Joshua 12:5.
What was the extent of the kingdom of Og?
According to Joshua 12:5, Og's kingdom included Mount Hermon, Salecah, all of Bashan up to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead to the border of Sihon king of Heshbon, as part of the larger territory described in Deuteronomy 3:1-17.
Why is it significant that Og ruled over half of Gilead?
The fact that Og ruled over half of Gilead is significant because it shows the extent of his kingdom and the territory that the Israelites would later conquer, as seen in Joshua 12:6, where Moses and the Israelites gave the land as an inheritance to the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, in accordance with Numbers 32:1-42 and Deuteronomy 3:12-22.
How does this verse relate to the rest of the Bible?
This verse is part of a larger narrative of the conquest of Canaan, as described in the book of Joshua, and is connected to other biblical accounts, such as Numbers 21:21-35 and Deuteronomy 2:24-3:17, which provide more context about the history of the region and the kingdoms that existed there.
Reflection Questions
- What can we learn about God's sovereignty from the description of Og's kingdom in Joshua 12:5?
- How does the mention of Mount Hermon and Salecah in this verse relate to the geographical context of the biblical narrative, as seen in other passages like Psalm 42:6 and Song of Solomon 4:8?
- What does the fact that Og was one of the remnant of the Rephaim, as mentioned in Joshua 12:4, reveal about the nature of the people that the Israelites were conquering, in light of Genesis 14:5 and 15:20?
- How can we apply the principles of conquest and inheritance, as seen in Joshua 12:5-6, to our own lives and spiritual journeys, as described in Romans 8:37 and 1 Corinthians 3:21-23?
Gill's Exposition on Joshua 12:5
And reigned in Mount Hermon,.... That is, over all the people that inhabited that mount or dwelt under it, Joshua 11:17, and adjacent to it, of which mountain, [See comments on Deuteronomy 3:8] and
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 12:5
Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is upon the bank of the river Arnon, and from the middle of the river, and from half Gilead, even unto the river Jabbok,
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 12:5
The Geshurites, of which see 15:8.
Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 12:5
Joshua 12:5 And reigned in mount Hermon, and in Salcah, and in all Bashan, unto the border of the Geshurites and the Maachathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.Ver. 5. In mount Hermon.] Which is conceived to be the utmost part of mount Gilead, joining mount Lebanon and Gilead together.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Joshua 12:5
Verse 5. The border of the Geshurites] The country of Bashan, in the days of Moses and Joshua, extended from the river Jabbok on the south to the frontiers of the Geshurites and Maachathites on the north, to the foot of the mountains of Hermon.
Cambridge Bible on Joshua 12:5
5. and in Salcah] Identical with the town of Sûlkhad at the southern extremity of the Jebel Haurân. It was conquered by the Israelites, Deuteronomy 3:10. The town is of considerable size, two or three miles in circumference, surrounding a castle on a lofty isolated hill. “The country is stony and undulating; but the soil is rich, and traces of former cultivation are everywhere visible. The view from the top of the castle is extensive and strangely interesting.… On the segment of the plain, extending from the south to the east, I counted the towns or large villages, none of them more than 12 miles distant, and almost all of them, so far as I could see by the aid of a telescope, still habitable like Sulkhad, but entirely deserted. Well may we exclaim with the prophet, as we look over this mournful scene of utter desolation, ‘Moab is confounded; for it is broken down; howl and cry; tell ye it in Arnon, that Moab is spoiled, and judgment is come upon the plain country … upon Beth-gamul, and upon Beth-meon, and upon Kerioth, and upon Bozrah, and upon all the cities of the land of Moab, far or near’ (Jeremiah 48:19-24).” Porter’s Handbook, 11. 522. the border of the Geshurites] Geshur was a little principality in the N.E. corner of Bashan, adjoining the province of Argob (Deuteronomy 3:14), and the kingdom of Aram or Syria (2 Samuel 15:8). Hither Absalom fled after the murder of Amnon (2 Samuel 13:37). the Maachathites] The people of Maacha dwelt on the south-west slope of Hermon at the sources of the Jordan (Deuteronomy 3:14).
Sermons on Joshua 12:5
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
|
Joshua 1 - 13 by John Nelson Darby | John Nelson Darby explores the themes of faith, obedience, and the spiritual journey of the Israelites as they prepare to cross the Jordan into Canaan. He emphasizes the importance |