Judges 1:31
Judges 1:31 in Multiple Translations
Asher failed to drive out the inhabitants of Acco, Sidon, Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, and Rehob.
¶ Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob:
Asher drove not out the inhabitants of Acco, nor the inhabitants of Sidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob;
And Asher did not take the land of the people of Acco, or Zidon, or Ahlab, or Achzib, or Helbah, or Aphik, or Rehob, driving them out;
Asher didn't drive out the people living in the towns of Acco, Sidon, Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, and Rehob,
Neither did Asher cast out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob,
Asher hath not dispossessed the inhabitants of Accho, and the inhabitants of Zidon, and Ahlab, and Achzib, and Helbah, and Aphik, and Rehob;
Asher didn’t drive out the inhabitants of Acco, nor the inhabitants of Sidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob;
Neither did Asher expel the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob:
Aser also destroyed not the inhabitants of Accho, and of Sidon, of Ahalab, and of Achazib, and of Helba, and of Aphec, and of Rohob:
The men of the tribe of Asher did not force the people of the Canaan people-group who lived in Acco, Sidon, Ahlab, Aczib, Helbah, Aphek and Rehob cities to leave.
Berean Amplified Bible — Judges 1:31
BAB
Word Study
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Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Judges 1:31 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
אָשֵׁ֗ר
לֹ֤א
הוֹרִישׁ֙
אֶת
יֹשְׁבֵ֣י
עַכּ֔וֹ
וְ/אֶת
יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י
צִיד֑וֹן
וְ/אֶת
אַחְלָ֤ב
וְ/אֶת
אַכְזִיב֙
וְ/אֶת
חֶלְבָּ֔ה
וְ/אֶת
אֲפִ֖יק
וְ/אֶת
רְחֹֽב
אָשֵׁ֗ר
ʼÂshêr
H836
Asher
N-proper
לֹ֤א
lôʼ
H3808
not
Part
הוֹרִישׁ֙
yârash
H3423
to possess
V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
DirObjM
יֹשְׁבֵ֣י
yâshab
H3427
to dwell
V-Qal
עַכּ֔וֹ
ʻAkkôw
H5910
Acco
N-proper
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
Conj | DirObjM
יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י
yâshab
H3427
to dwell
V-Qal
צִיד֑וֹן
Tsîydôwn
H6721
Sidon
N-proper
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
Conj | DirObjM
אַחְלָ֤ב
ʼAchlâb
H303
Ahlab
N-proper
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
Conj | DirObjM
אַכְזִיב֙
ʼAkzîyb
H392
Achzib
N-proper
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
Conj | DirObjM
חֶלְבָּ֔ה
Chelbâh
H2462
Helbah
N-proper
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
Conj | DirObjM
אֲפִ֖יק
ʼĂphêq
H663
Aphek
N-proper
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
Conj | DirObjM
רְחֹֽב
Rᵉchôb
H7340
Rehob
N-proper
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Judges 1:31
אָשֵׁ֗ר
ʼÂshêr
H836
"Asher"
N-proper
Asher was the eighth son of Jacob and one of the twelve tribes of Israel, mentioned in Genesis 30:13. The tribe of Asher was known for its happy and blessed people. Asher is also the name of a region in Palestine.
Definition: A man of the tribe of Asher living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.30.13; son of: Israel (H3478) and Zilpah (H2153); brother of: Gad (H1410); half-brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); father of: Imnah (H3232), Ishvah (H3438), Ishvi (H3440), Beriah (H1283) and Serah (H8294); also translated "pine" or "cypress wood" at Ezk.27.6(?); Ashurite at 2Sa.2.9(?); § Asher = "happy" 1) son of Jacob and Zilpah 2) the tribe descended from Asher 3) a city east of Shechem in Manasseh
Usage: Occurs in 41 OT verses. KJV: Asher See also: Genesis 30:13; Joshua 17:11; Ezekiel 48:34.
לֹ֤א
lôʼ
H3808
"not"
Part
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.
הוֹרִישׁ֙
yârash
H3423
"to possess"
V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms
To possess means to take control of something, like a piece of land, by driving out others and occupying it. This word is used in the Bible to describe inheriting property or seizing power.
Definition: : possess/inherit 1) to seize, dispossess, take possession off, inherit, disinherit, occupy, impoverish, be an heir 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to take possession of 1a2) to inherit 1a3) to impoverish, come to poverty, be poor 1b) (Niphal) to be dispossessed, be impoverished, come to poverty 1c) (Piel) to devour 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to cause to possess or inherit 1d2) to cause others to possess or inherit 1d3) to impoverish 1d4) to dispossess 1d5) to destroy, bring to ruin, disinherit
Usage: Occurs in 204 OT verses. KJV: cast out, consume, destroy, disinherit, dispossess, drive(-ing) out, enjoy, expel, [idiom] without fail, (give to, leave for) inherit(-ance, -or) [phrase] magistrate, be (make) poor, come to poverty, (give to, make to) possess, get (have) in (take) possession, seize upon, succeed, [idiom] utterly. See also: Genesis 15:3; Joshua 15:63; Psalms 25:13.
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
יֹשְׁבֵ֣י
yâshab
H3427
"to dwell"
V-Qal
This verb means to sit or dwell, and can also mean to remain or abide. It's used in the Bible to describe people living in a place or staying with someone, like in the book of Genesis.
Definition: 1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to sit, sit down 1a2) to be set 1a3) to remain, stay 1a4) to dwell, have one's abode 1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited 1c) (Piel) to set, place 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to cause to sit 1d2) to cause to abide, set 1d3) to cause to dwell 1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited 1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to) 1e) (Hophal) 1e1) to be inhabited 1e2) to make to dwell Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
Usage: Occurs in 977 OT verses. KJV: (make to) abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease self, endure, establish, [idiom] fail, habitation, haunt, (make to) inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, [idiom] marry(-ing), (bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(-tle), (down-) sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate), take, tarry. See also: Genesis 4:16; Leviticus 25:18; Joshua 13:6.
עַכּ֔וֹ
ʻAkkôw
H5910
"Acco"
N-proper
Acco is a seaport town in Asher, also known as Ptolemais, mentioned in the Bible as a significant location near Mount Carmel and Tyre.
Definition: Accho = "his straitness" a seaport town in Asher north of Mount Carmel and south or Tyre Also named: Ptolemais (Πτολεμαΐς "Ptolemais" G4424)
Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: Accho. See also: Judges 1:31.
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
Conj | DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י
yâshab
H3427
"to dwell"
V-Qal
This verb means to sit or dwell, and can also mean to remain or abide. It's used in the Bible to describe people living in a place or staying with someone, like in the book of Genesis.
Definition: 1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to sit, sit down 1a2) to be set 1a3) to remain, stay 1a4) to dwell, have one's abode 1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited 1c) (Piel) to set, place 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to cause to sit 1d2) to cause to abide, set 1d3) to cause to dwell 1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited 1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to) 1e) (Hophal) 1e1) to be inhabited 1e2) to make to dwell Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
Usage: Occurs in 977 OT verses. KJV: (make to) abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease self, endure, establish, [idiom] fail, habitation, haunt, (make to) inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, [idiom] marry(-ing), (bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(-tle), (down-) sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate), take, tarry. See also: Genesis 4:16; Leviticus 25:18; Joshua 13:6.
צִיד֑וֹן
Tsîydôwn
H6721
"Sidon"
N-proper
Sidon was an ancient city on the Mediterranean coast, named after a son of Canaan, and is mentioned in the Bible as a major Phoenician city.
Definition: Sidon = "hunting" ancient Phoenician city, on Mediterranean coast north of Tyre Another name of tsi.don (צִידוֹן "Sidon" H6721H)
Usage: Occurs in 22 OT verses. KJV: Sidon, Zidon. See also: Genesis 10:15; Isaiah 23:2; Isaiah 23:4.
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
Conj | DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
אַחְלָ֤ב
ʼAchlâb
H303
"Ahlab"
N-proper
Achlab means fertile place, a town in Palestine given to the tribe of Asher, but its location is now unknown. It appears in the Bible as a place name. The town was part of the region allocated to Asher.
Definition: Ahlab = "fertile place" a town allotted to Asher, site presently unknown Also named: che.vel (חֶ֫בֶל "Mahalab" H2256A)
Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: Ahlab. See also: Judges 1:31.
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
Conj | DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
אַכְזִיב֙
ʼAkzîyb
H392
"Achzib"
N-proper
Achzib is a town in Palestine, meaning deceit. It is located by the Sea of Galilee and is mentioned in the Bible as a place of significance in the region of Asher.
Definition: § Achzib = "deceit" a town in Asher by the Sea of Galilee
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: Achzib. See also: Joshua 15:44; Judges 1:31; Micah 1:14.
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
Conj | DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
חֶלְבָּ֔ה
Chelbâh
H2462
"Helbah"
N-proper
Helbah was a fertile town in the region of Asher, near Sidon in Phoenicia. Its name means 'fertile' and it was likely a place of rich soil and abundant resources, a desirable location for settlement and agriculture.
Definition: § Helbah = "fertile" a town of Asher, probably on the plain of Phoenicia not far from Sidon
Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: Helbah. See also: Judges 1:31.
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
Conj | DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
אֲפִ֖יק
ʼĂphêq
H663
"Aphek"
N-proper
Aphek is the name of three different places in ancient Palestine, and its name means enclosure. These cities were important locations in biblical history and are mentioned in various accounts.
Definition: § Aphek or Aphik = "enclosure" a city in territory of Asher
Usage: Occurs in 9 OT verses. KJV: Aphek, Aphik. See also: Joshua 12:18; 1 Samuel 4:1; 2 Kings 13:17.
וְ/אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
Conj | DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
רְחֹֽב
Rᵉchôb
H7340
"Rehob"
N-proper
Rehob, a place in Syria and the name of a few individuals, including a Syrian and an Israelite. This term refers to a specific location on the road to Hamath, mentioned in stories about exploration and conquest. It appears in books like Numbers and Judges.
Definition: Rehob = "broad place" the northern limit of the exploration of the spies in Canaan; on the road to Hamath Another name of bet re.chov (בֵּית־רְחוֹב "Beth-rehob" H1050)
Usage: Occurs in 10 OT verses. KJV: Rehob. See also: Numbers 13:21; 2 Samuel 8:3; Nehemiah 10:12.
Study Notes — Judges 1:31
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Judges 1:31 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Judges 1:31
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Judges 1:31
- Ellicott's Commentary on Judges 1:31
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Judges 1:31
- Cambridge Bible on Judges 1:31
- Barnes' Notes on Judges 1:31
- Whedon's Commentary on Judges 1:31
Context — The Failure to Complete the Conquest
29Ephraim also failed to drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer; so the Canaanites continued to dwell among them in Gezer.
30Zebulun failed to drive out the inhabitants of Kitron and Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced laborers.
31Asher failed to drive out the inhabitants of Acco, Sidon, Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, and Rehob.
32So the Asherites lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, because they did not drive them out. 33Naphtali failed to drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and Beth-anath. So the Naphtalites also lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, but the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and Beth-anath served them as forced laborers.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 19:24–30 | The fifth lot came out for the clans of the tribe of Asher: Their territory included Helkath, Hali, Beten, Achshaph, Allammelech, Amad, and Mishal. On the west the border touched Carmel and Shihor-libnath, then turned eastward toward Beth-dagon, touched Zebulun and the Valley of Iphtah-el, and went north to Beth-emek and Neiel, passing Cabul on the left. It went on to Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, as far as Greater Sidon. The border then turned back toward Ramah as far as the fortified city of Tyre, turned toward Hosah, and came out at the Sea in the region of Achzib, Ummah, Aphek, and Rehob. There were twenty-two cities, along with their villages. |
Judges 1:31 Summary
Judges 1:31 tells us that the tribe of Asher failed to drive out the inhabitants of several cities, which meant that they had to live among the Canaanites. This was not what God had planned for the Israelites, as we see in Deuteronomy 7:1-6, where God commands them to drive out the Canaanites and not to intermarry with them. This verse reminds us that when we fail to trust and obey God, we can end up living with the consequences of our disobedience, just like the Asherites did. We can learn from their mistake by trusting God and following His commands, as encouraged in Proverbs 3:5-6 and Jeremiah 29:11.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did Asher fail to drive out the inhabitants of the cities mentioned in Judges 1:31?
The Bible does not provide a specific reason for Asher's failure, but it may be related to a lack of faith or obedience, as seen in other instances where the Israelites failed to trust God and follow His commands (Numbers 13:31, Deuteronomy 1:32).
What were the consequences of Asher's failure to drive out the Canaanites?
The consequences of Asher's failure were that the Asherites lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, and the Canaanites were not driven out (Judges 1:32), which led to potential idolatry and corruption, as warned in Deuteronomy 7:1-6.
How does this verse relate to the overall theme of the book of Judges?
This verse contributes to the theme of the book of Judges, which highlights the cycle of sin, judgment, and redemption in the history of the Israelites, and shows how the Israelites' disobedience and lack of faith led to their inability to fully possess the Promised Land (Judges 2:10-23).
What can we learn from Asher's failure in Judges 1:31?
We can learn the importance of trusting and obeying God, as well as the potential consequences of disobedience and lack of faith, and the need to rely on God's power and guidance in our lives, as encouraged in Proverbs 3:5-6 and Jeremiah 29:11.
Reflection Questions
- What are the areas in my life where I am failing to trust and obey God, and what are the consequences of my actions?
- How can I apply the lesson of Asher's failure to my own walk with God, and what steps can I take to ensure that I am fully surrendered to His will?
- What are the 'Canaanites' in my life that I need to drive out, and how can I trust God to give me the strength and courage to overcome them?
- How can I learn from the mistakes of the Asherites and ensure that I am not tolerating sin or idolatry in my own life, and what role can I play in helping others to do the same?
Gill's Exposition on Judges 1:31
Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho,.... The same with Ptolemais, [See comments on Acts 21:7]; so called from the first Ptolemy king of Egypt, who enlarged it; but it has since
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Judges 1:31
Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob: Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho.
Ellicott's Commentary on Judges 1:31
(31) Neither did Asher.—See Joshua 19:24-31. Accho.—The seaport so famous under the names of Ptolemais (Acts 21:7; 1Ma 5:15; 1Ma 10:1), Acre, and St. Jean d’Acre (now Acca). Josephus called it Ako (Antt. ix. 14, § 2). Zidon.—(Joshua 11:8.) Asher never succeeded in conquering Zidon, which was the capital of Phœnicia, though eclipsed by its neighbour Tyre. (2 Samuel 5:11; Isaiah 23; Jeremiah 27, 47; Matthew 11:22, &c.) It is now called Saida.Ahlab.—An unknown town. Achzib.—(See Joshua 19:29.) Better known as Ecdippa (Jos. B. J. i. 13, § 4), the modern Zib, about nine miles north of Akka. There was a less well-known Achzib in Judah (Chezib)—Genesis 38:5; Micah 1:14; Joshua 15:44.
Helbah.—The name is rendered “the coast” in Joshua 19:29. The site is unknown. Aphik.—The Aphek of Jos 19:30, now Afka (Robinson, Bible Res., 3:606). The name means “strength.” It was famous for a Temple of Venus, destroyed by Constantine. (Euseb. Vit. Const.) There seems to have been another Aphek near Hebron. (Joshua 12:18.) Rehob.—A Levitical city (Joshua 21:31; 1 Chronicles 6:75).
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Judges 1:31
Verse 31. Neither did Asher] See on Joshua 19:24-31. Accho] Supposed to be the city of Ptolemais, near to Mount Carmel.
Cambridge Bible on Judges 1:31
31. Asher] dwelt in a productive strip of country (Genesis 49:20), extending northwards from Carmel along the sea-coast (Judges 5:17) to Phoenicia; P indicates the boundaries in Joshua 19:24-31, but not many of the places can be identified. Occupying an indefinite territory between the Phoenicians and the tribes of Naphtali and Zebulun, the Asherites seem to have been only partially identified with Israel; historically their importance was small, they took no part in the combination against Sisera (Judges 5:17), and here it is implied that they could not hold their own against the older population. In the period of Seti I and Ramses II Egyptian sources mention ’A-sa-ru, a somewhat vigorous state located in the ‘Hinterland’ of S. Phoenicia up to the Lebanon, the very district occupied by the tribe of Asher. ’Asaru is simply the Egyptian form of Asher; but until fresh discoveries reveal the nature of the connexion between the two, no safe conclusions can be drawn for purposes of history. It has been supposed that some part of the Israelite nation, at any rate the tribe of Asher, was resident in Palestine under the 18th Dynasty, i.e. circ. 1400 b.c., before the time of Moses. See W. Max Müller, Asien u. Europa, p. 236 ff. Acco] is the mod. ‘Akka (so in the Amarna tablets nos. 157–9), the S.
Jean d’Acre of the Crusaders, N. of Carmel on the coast; in Acts 21:7 it is called Ptolemais, probably after Ptolemy II. This is the southernmost point on the coast in the present list; the northernmost is Zidon, the mod. Ṣ ?aida, called Ziduna in the Am. tablets (nos. 147, 149, 150 f.), the famous Phoenician city. The Phoenicians are called Zidonians in the O.T., Judges 3:3, 1 Kings 11:5; they were never subjected by Israel. It is significant that Tyre, which is situated between these two points, is not mentioned. Ahlab] is probably only another form of Helbah, of which a third form is Mahalab Joshua 19:29 (read ‘from Mahalab to Achzib’). It seems to be the place called Maḫ ?alliba by Sennacherib (Taylor Cyl. COT, 288), who mentions Achzib and Acco in the same line. It is conjectured (Moore) that this was the old name of Râs el-Abyaḍ ?, the ‘promontorium album’ of Pliny, three hours S. of Tyre.Achzib] called Ecdippa by the classical geographers, is the mod. ez-Zîb, 2½ hours N. of ‘Akka on the coast; Joshua 19:29. Aphik … Rehob] Joshua 19:30, not uncommon names; in this region they have not been identified. Rehob (Josh. ib., Joshua 21:31; 1 Chronicles 6:75) may be the Egyptian Raḥ ?ubu, N. of the Kishon (Müller, As. u.
Eur., p. 153); it is probable that both places were inland, not on the coast.
Barnes' Notes on Judges 1:31
Compare the marginal reference. Accho, afterward called Ptolemais, now Akka or St. Jean d’Acre, is named here for the first time.
Whedon's Commentary on Judges 1:31
31. Accho is a flourishing seaport on a bay of the same name, just north of Mount Carmel. It was named Ptolemais, in honour of one of the Ptolemies. Its modern name is Acre. It contains a mixed population of five thousand.