John Owen expounds on Peter's confession of faith in Christ as the Son of the living God, emphasizing its significance as the foundation of the church. He critiques the Roman Catholic interpretation that positions Peter as the rock upon which the church is built, arguing instead that it is Christ himself who serves as the sole foundation. Owen highlights the necessity of genuine faith in this confession, asserting that true belief is revealed by God and is essential for salvation. He warns against the dangers of relying on human authority, such as the papacy, which can lead to spiritual ruin. Ultimately, Owen affirms that the church, built on Christ, will withstand all opposition from hell.