Dualism, the belief in two opposing forces of good and evil, often presents a challenge to biblical theology. Scripture, however, firmly establishes the sovereignty of God over all creation, negating the notion of equal and opposing deities. In Isaiah 45:7, God declares, 'I form the light and create darkness; I make peace and create evil; I, the Lord, do all these things.' This verse underscores the biblical view that all things, including evil, are under God's ultimate authority. Furthermore, the New Testament reinforces this understanding through the teachings of Jesus, who states in John 10:30, 'I and the Father are one,' affirming the unity and singularity of God's nature. The Apostle Paul also emphasizes the supremacy of Christ in Colossians 1:16-17, where he writes, 'For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible... all things were created through him and for him.' This clearly indicates that everything exists for God's glory and purpose, not as a battleground between equal forces. As believers, we are called to trust in God's ultimate plan, as highlighted in Romans 8:28, which assures us that 'in all things God works for the good of those who love him.' By understanding the biblical rejection of dualism, we can embrace a faith that rests in the complete and sovereign power of God.
Archelaus engages in a disputation with Manes, challenging his beliefs about the existence of two unbegotten natures, the root of evil, and the nature of man. Archelaus refutes Manes' claims by questioning the logic behind the concept of an evil root and the origin of wickedness. He highlights the i