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Home › Strong's Concordance › Strong's Greek Dictionary › G1945: ἐπίκειμαι (epíkeimai)

G1945 ἐπίκειμαι (epíkeimai)

Greek 📖 Greek Word Study
Verb
‹ G1944 Greek Dictionary G1946 ›

Quick Definition

ἐπίκειμαι v. I lie upon, am insistent

Strong's Definition

to rest upon (literally or figuratively)

Derivation: from G1909 (ἐπί) and G2749 (κεῖμαι);

KJV Usage: impose, be instant, (be) laid (there-, up-)on, (when) lay (on), lie (on), press upon

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

ἐπίκειμαι (G1945)

verb | κεῖμαι

85.4 · Existence in Space · Be in a Place

to be on, to lie on to be in a place on something

JHN 11:38 · JHN 21:9

19.43 · Physical Impact · Press

to press against, to push against to press or push against

LUK 5:1 · ACT 27:20

76.17 · Power, Force

to be in force, to have power over to possess power or sanction In some languages the concept of ‘being in force’ may be expressed simply as ‘to work’ or ‘to do what they are supposed to do’ or ‘to be in control.’ For another interpretation of ἐπίκειμαι in HEB 9:10, see 13.73.

1CO 9:16 · HEB 9:10

68.16 · Aspect · Continue

to keep on, to continue insisting, to persist in to keep on doing something with presumed insistence

LUK 23:23

13.73 · Be, Become, Exist, Happen · Exist

to exist, to exist for, to be set to exist, with the implication of having been established and thus having continuity and purpose For another interpretation of ἐπίκειμαι in HEB 9:10, see 76.17.

HEB 9:10

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament © United Bible Societies, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

ἐπίκειμαι; imperfect ἐπεκειμην; to lie upon or over, rest upon, be laid or placed upon; a. properly: ἐπί τίνι, Joh_11:38; namely, on the burning coals, Joh_21:9. b. figuratively, α. of things: of the pressure of a violent tempest, χειμῶνος ἐπικειμένου, Act_27:20 (Plutarch, Timol. 28, 7); ἀνάγκη μοι ἐπίκειται, is laid upon me, 1Co_9:16 (Homer, Iliad 6, 458); ἐπικείμενα, of observances imposed on a man by law, Heb_9:10 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 635 (589)]. β. of men; to press upon, to be urgent: with the dative of person Luk_5:1; ἐπέκειντο αἰτούμενοι, Luk_23:23 (πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπέκειτο ἀξιῶν, Josephus, Antiquities 18, 6, 6; μᾶλλον ἐπέκειντο βλασφημοῦντες, 20, 5, 3). STRONGS NT 1945a: ἐπικέλλωἐπικέλλω: (1 aorist ἐπεκειλα); to run a ship ashore, to bring to land; so from Homer, Odyssey 9, 148 down; ἐπέκειλαν (R G ἐπώκειλαν) τήν ναῦν, Act_27:41 L T Tr WH; but in opposition see Meyer at the passage (Cf. B. D. American edition, p. 3009.) STRONGS NT 1945b: ἐπικεφάλαιον [ἐπικεφάλαιον, ἐπικεφαλαιου, τό, head-money, poll-tax, (Aristotle, oec. 2, p. 1346{a} , 4 and 1348{a} , 32): Mar_12:14 WH (rejected) marginal reading for κῆνσον (others).]

Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary

ἐπίκειμαι epikeimai 7x

to lie upon, be placed upon, Jn. 11:38; 21:9; to press, urge upon, Lk. 5:1; Acts 27:20; be urgent, importunate upon, Lk. 23:23; to be imposed upon, be imposed by law, Heb. 9:10; by necessity, 1 Cor. 9:16

Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon

ἐπι-κείμαι

[in LXX: Ex 36:40 (39:31) (נָתַן), Jb 19:3 (הָכַר hi.) 21:27 (חָמַס), I Mac 6:57, II Mac 1:21, III Mac 1:22 * ;]

to be placed, lie on: Jo 21:9; seq. ἐπί, c. dat., ib. 11:38; fig., He 9:10; ἀνάγκη, I Co 9:16; χειμῶν, to threaten, come on: Ac 27:20; of persons, to press upon: Lk 5:1 23:23.†

Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT

ἐπίκειμαι. For the meaning “‘lie upon,” ‘‘cover,” see P Tebt I. 477° (B.C. 113) τοῦ ὕδατος ἐπικειμένου, of the water covering the land at the annual rising of the Nile, P Grenf II. 57° (A.p. 168) τὴν ἐπικει[μέν]ην σποράν : cf. also P Ryl II. 1211} (114...) tlds] σφραγεῖδας ἂς ἐπέθηκ[ε em]ixeivtar, ‘the seals which he affixed are still in their place” (Edd ), P Oxy VIII. 1127%4 (A.p. 183) καὶ τὰς ἐπικειμένας θύρας δύο κλεῖν μίαν, ‘and the two doors and one key attached ” (Ed.). The sepulchral inser. Aazbel 622° has φθίμενος τήνδ᾽ ἐπίκειμαι κόνιν, ‘in death I have this dust laid upon me.” The stronger sense of ‘‘attack”’ occurs in P Par 468 (B.c. 153) (= Witkowski*, p. 86) ληστῶν ἐπικειμένων : cf. P Rein 488 (ii/A.D) ὁρῶ ot ἐπικείμενόν μοι, “tres irrité που ἐπικειμένου pot, ‘since the man oppresses me” (Edd.). The verb is used much as in Lk 52 in P Ryl II. 2437 (1i/A.D.) καὶ νῦν ἐπιστάμεθά σου τὸ σπουδαῖον Kal ws ἐπίκεισαι Tots ἔργοις τοῦ κλήρου, “ we now know your zeal and attentiveness to the work of the holding” (Edd.). See also the late P Lips I. 90! (Byz.) σὺν θ(εῷ) ἐπικείμ(ενος) τῆς χειρογραdeltas, and I and 241(vi/vii A.D.) ὃ ἐπικείμενος τῶν ἀγγαρευτῶν with the editor's note.

Liddell-Scott-Jones — Greek-English Lexicon

ἐπίκειμαι (epikeimai) — to lay on. ἐπίκειμαι, serving as passive to ἐπιτίθημι, to be laid upon, and so,

I. of doors, to be put to or closed [Refs 8th c.BC+]

I.2. generally, to be placed, lie in or on, with dative, ἐπισκύνιον ἐπέκειτο προσώπῳ [Refs 3rd c.BC+]

I.3. of islands, νῆσοι ἐπὶ Λήμνῳ (-ου codices) ἐπικείμεναι lying off Lemnos, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπὶ [τῇ Λακαίνῃ χώρῃ[Refs] the islands off the coast, [Refs]; πάσῃ ἐ. τῇ θαλάσσῃ lies right across the sea, of Crete, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]

II. to be laid upon, ἐμοὶ σφρηγὶς ἐπικείσθω τοῖσδ᾽ ἔπεσι [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐπίκειται ἀγνώμων σῇ κεφαλῇ στέφανος [NT+8th c.BC+]; of a duty, οἷς ἐπέκειτο φροντίζειν 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.786f.

II.2. press upon, be urgent in entreaty, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; press upon a retreating enemy, attack, Βοιωτοῖσι [Refs]; to be urgent against, [Refs]; ἐπεκείμην αὐτοῖς ἐνοχλῶν “PLips.” 36.7 [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of a crowd, ἐ. τινί NT.Luke.5.1.

II.3. hang over, τηλικούτων ἐπικειμένων τῷ μοιχεύοντι κακῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.1.5; of penalties, θάνατος ἡ ζημίη ἐπίκειται the penalty imposed is death, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῷ ἄρξαντι μεγάλα ἐπιτίμια ἐ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II.4. of a name, to be imposed, [Refs]

II.5. metaphorically, σκώμματα ἐπικείμενα suitable to the purpose, pointed, [Refs]

II.6. to be set in authority, ἐπὶ τοῦ πυρός “Corpus Hermeticum” 1.13; ἐπικείμενος Ἀλεξανδρείας “PLips.” 102i8, etc.

III. with accusative of things, especially in participle, κἀπικείμενον κάρα κυνέας head with helmet set thereon, [Refs 3rd c.AD+]; στέφανον ἐπικείμενος with a crown on one's head, [Refs 1st c.AD+]; ἄπικας ἐπικείμενοι ταῖς κεφαλαῖς 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 2.70; σεμνὸν ἐπικειμένη τὸ κάλλος 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus “Antiquitates Judaicae” 11.6.9; ἀγγέλου ἢ θεράποντος ἐπικείμενος πρόσωπον 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Lysander” 23; ἐπέκειτο ὠτειλάς he bore scars upon him, [Refs]; ἱερὰν ἐσθῆτα ἐ. [Refs]; κιθάραν.. κόλλοπας ἐπικειμένην fitted with pegs, [Refs 2nd c.AD+] exposed to.. , [Refs]

STEPBible — Tyndale Abridged Greek Lexicon

ἐπι-κείμαι [in LXX: Exo.39:31 (נָתַן), Job.19:3 (הָכַר hi.) Job.21:27 (חָמַס), 1Ma.6:57, 2Ma.1:21, 3Ma.1:22 * ;] to be placed, lie on: Jhn.21:9; before ἐπί, with dative, Jhn.11:38; figuratively, Heb.9:10; ἀνάγκη, 1Co.9:16; χειμῶν, to threaten, come on: Act.27:20; of persons, to press upon: Luk.5:1 23:23.† (AS)

Bible Occurrences (7)

5:1 23:23
11:38 21:9
27:20
9:16
9:10

📖 Greek Word Study — In-Depth Study from Precept Austin

Imposed (insistent, lying, press around) (1945) epikeimai

Imposed (1945) (epikeimai from epà = upon + keÃmai = to lie on) means to lie upon, to be placed on, to lie on (literally of the stone against Jesus' tomb - Jn 21:9, of fish on the fire of coals - Jn 21:9). Metaphorically as used here in Hebrews 9, epikeimai means imposed upon and has the force of obligation, thus speaking speaks of necessity. Another metaphorical meaning is to be insistent (pictures one keeping putting pressure on so to speak) in Lk 23:23. The idea is to act upon through force or pressure. The people were in a sense piling evidence on top of Pilate (so to speak), nearly burying him with reasons he need to sentence Jesus to crucifixion (cf Pilate's efforts in Jn 19:12) A T Robertson adds that epikeimai was "an old verb for the rush and swirl of a tempest...Pilate was overwhelmed by this tornado." In Acts 27:20 epikeimai conveys the metaphorical sense of assailing, picturing the storm "pressing upon" their boat. Epikeimai - 7x in 7v - Usage: am under(1), assailing(1), imposed(1), insistent(1), lying(1), placed(1), pressing around(1). Lxx Uses = Ex 39:31 (fasten); Job 19:3 (wrong me ~ "lie upon me" so to speak), Job 21:27. Luke 5:1 Now it happened that while the crowd was pressing around Him and listening to the word of God, He was standing by the lake of Gennesaret; Luke 23:23 But they were insistent, with loud voices asking that He be crucified. And their voices began to prevail. John 11:38 So Jesus, again being deeply moved within, came to the tomb. Now it was a cave, and a stone was lying against it. John 21:9 So when they got out on the land, they saw a charcoal fire already laid and fish placed on it, and bread. Acts 27:20 Since neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small storm was assailing us, from then on all hope of our being saved was gradually abandoned. 1 Corinthians 9:16 For if I preach the gospel, I have nothing to boast of, for I am under compulsion (literally the idea is "necessity is laid upon me"); for woe is me if I do not preach the gospel. Hebrews 9:10 since they relate only to food and drink and various washings, regulations for the body imposed until a time of reformation. Comment: The legal ordinances are pictured as being placed upon the people of Israel during the dispensation of the old covenant (the Law).

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