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Psalms 40:15 — Word Study

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WLCיָ֭שֹׁמּוּ עַל־ עֵ֣קֶב בָּשְׁתָּ֑ם הָאֹמְרִ֥ים לִ֝֗י הֶ֘אָ֥ח׀ הֶאָֽח׃

BSAbe ashamedbûwsh be ashamedchâphêr unitednessyachad to seekbâqash soulnephesh to snatchçâphâh to turnçûwg backʼâchôwr be humiliatedkâlam delightingchâphêts badraʻ

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 40
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 15 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (he.'Ach) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 40:15quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist calls for those who mock him to experience their own shame.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, addressing his enemies who ridicule him.
Where we areIn a plea for justice amidst mockery and shame.
The hard wordיָ֭שֹׁמּוּ
Take awayThe mockers will face their own disgrace.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbבּוֹשׁ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 40:15

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Plea for Justicegenerated

14May those who seek my life be ashamed and confounded; may those who wish me harm be repelled and humiliated.
15May those who say to me, “Aha, aha!” be appalled at their own shame.
16May all who seek You rejoice and be glad in You; may those who love Your salvation always say, “The LORD be magnified!”
17But I am poor and needy; may the Lord think of me. You are my helper and deliverer; O my God, do not delay.

Psalm 40:15 expresses the psalmist's desire for those who mock him to be struck by their own shame. This verse is part of a larger context where the psalmist laments the actions of his enemies and seeks divine justice. The surrounding verses highlight the contrast between the psalmist's suffering and the joy of those who seek the Lord, emphasizing the theme of divine retribution and vindication.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 69:24–25Pour out Your wrath upon them, and let Your burning anger overtake them.
2Psalm 70:3May those who say, “Aha, aha!” retreat because of their shame.
3Psalm 73:19How suddenly they are laid waste, completely swept away by terrors!
4Psalm 109:6–20Set over him a wicked man; let an accuser stand at his right hand.
5Luke 19:43–44For the days will come upon you when your enemies will barricade you and surround you and hem you in on every side.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יָ֭שֹׁמּוּ, Ya.sho.mugenerated

The verb יָשֹׁמּוּ (Ya.sho.mu) is a form of שָׁמֵם (shamem), meaning 'to be desolate or appalled'. This form is a Qal imperfect, indicating a future action: 'may they be appalled'. The word conveys a sense of devastation, as if the mockers are left in a state of horror or emptiness, reflecting their own shame.

The use of this verb here suggests that the psalmist wishes for a reversal of fortune for those who mock him, turning their scorn back upon themselves. The emotional weight of this word underscores the seriousness of the psalmist's plea for justice.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb יָשֹׁמּוּ governs the entire verse, indicating the action directed towards those who mock. The structure is straightforward, with the subject being those who say 'Aha!' and the object being their own shame, creating a clear cause and effect.

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the mockers first, highlighting their role in the psalmist's plea. The subsequent phrases clarify the consequences of their actions, reinforcing the theme of justice and retribution.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יָשֹׁמּוּ as καταισξυνθείησαν, which carries the meaning of being shamed or disgraced. This choice indicates a slight narrowing of focus, emphasizing not just the emotional devastation but also the public aspect of their shame.

This translation aligns with the overall theme of the psalm, where the psalmist seeks not only personal vindication but also a public acknowledgment of the mockers' disgrace.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 40:15 expresses a desire for those who mock the psalmist to feel their own shame. The psalmist calls out to God, asking that the mockers who say 'Aha!' experience a deep sense of humiliation for their actions.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the psalmist mean by 'those who say to me, “Aha, aha!”'?

The psalmist refers to his enemies who mock him in his time of trouble, expressing scorn and delight in his misfortune.

Why does the psalmist wish for the mockers to be appalled?

The psalmist desires justice and hopes that those who ridicule him will face the consequences of their actions, feeling the shame they inflict.

How does this verse relate to the overall theme of Psalm 40?

This verse highlights the contrast between the psalmist's suffering and the joy of those who seek the Lord, emphasizing the need for divine justice against mockery.

What can we learn from the psalmist's plea?

We learn about the importance of seeking justice and the emotional impact of mockery, as well as the hope for vindication in times of trouble.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I experienced mockery or scorn in my life, and how did I respond?
  2. How can I find comfort in knowing that God sees and hears my struggles, just as the psalmist did?
  3. What does it mean for me to seek justice in my own life when faced with ridicule?
  4. How can I support others who are experiencing shame or mockery?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Augustine of Hippo comments on this verse, noting the irony of the mockers' praise while they are unaware of their own shame.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 40 354–430
"Let them speedily bear away their own confusion, that say unto me, Well done! Well done!" [Psalms 40:15]. They praise you without reason.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 40 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 40:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame,.... Of their shameful wishes, words, and actions, as they were: their habitations in Jerusalem were desolate, and so was their house or temple there,

Read John Gill on Psalms 40 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame that say unto me, Aha, aha.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 40 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Desolate, or amazed, or dismayed, or overthrown: of such imprecations I have spoken before. Their shame, i.e. their sinful and shameful actions, as shame is put for a shameful idol, , and as fear is oft put for the evil feared.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 40 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 40:15 Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame that say unto me, Aha, aha.Ver. 15. Let them be desolate for a reward] A poor reward; but such as sin payeth to her servants: "the wages of sin is death." Sin payeth all her servants in black money. See Psalms 35:21. The word here rendered reward signifieth a heel. It is as if the prophet should say, Let one desolation tread upon the heels of another, till they be utterly undone.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 40 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 15. That say unto me, Aha, aha.] האח האח heach, heach. See on Psalms 35:21.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 40 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

15. R.V., Let them be desolate (Lamentations 1:16) by reason of their shame, the defeat of their malicious plans: or, less probably, let them be astonished (Leviticus 26:32) for a reward of their shame, at the shame which is their recompense. Psalms 70:4 reads let them turn back, as in Psalms 6:10. The difference of reading probably arose out of the confusion of sound or form between M and B (ιωξε—ιωαε). Aha, aha] The exclamation of malicious pleasure at another’s misfortune. Cp. Psalms 35:21; Psalms 35:25.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 40 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Let them be desolate - The word here employed means to be astonished or amazed; then, to be laid waste, or made desolate.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 40 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

15. Desolate—The word may be taken in the sense of astonished, struck dumb with fear, Jeremiah 18:16, or of laid waste, as Ezekiel 35:12. The verb is in Kal future, and may be rendered, they shall be astonished.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 40 →

The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

May those who say to me, “Aha, aha!” be appalled at their own shame.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Let them be desolate by reason of their shame that tell me, “Aha! Aha!”

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

May those who say to me, “Aha, aha!” be appalled at their own shame.

NETBNew English Translation2006

May those who say to me, “Aha! Aha!” be humiliated and disgraced!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame that say unto me, Aha, aha.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Let them be desolate by reason of their shame That say unto me, Aha, aha.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Let them be desolate by reason of their shame that say unto me, Aha, Aha.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame that say to me, Aha, aha.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Let them be destroyed for a rewarde of their shame, which say vnto me, Aha, aha.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Let them be desolate, because of their shame, that say unto me, Aha! Aha!

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

They are desolate because of their shame, Who are saying to me, 'Aha, aha.'

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

They are desolate because of their shame, || Who are saying to me, “Aha, aha.”

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(40:16) May they be astonished in consequence of their shame that say unto me, Aha, aha!

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Let them be shocked because of their shame, those who say to me, “Aha, aha!”

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

May they be shocked at their defeat, those who taunted me.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Let those who say to me, Aha, aha! be surprised because of their shame.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbיָ֭שֹׁמּוּmay.they.be.appalledprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַלonnoun phraseעֵ֣קֶבthe.consequencenoun phraseבָּשְׁתָּ֑their.shameםtheirnoun phrase · subjectהָ[thosenoun phraseclauseverbאֹמְרִ֥יםwho].sayprepositional phrase · prepositionalלִ֝֗toיmeclause · objectijpהֶ֘אָ֥חaha!הֶאָֽחaha!

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all eight words matched in the Septuagint's rendering. This consistency suggests a strong preservation of the original meaning across these texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

יָ֭שֹׁמּוּ עַל־ עֵ֣קֶב בָּשְׁתָּ֑ם הָאֹמְרִ֥ים לִ֝֗י הֶ֘אָ֥ח׀ הֶאָֽח׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יָ֭שֹׁמּוּκαταισξυνθείησανעַל־καὶעֵ֣קֶבἐντραπείησανבָּשְׁתָּ֑םζητοῦντεςהָאֹמְרִ֥יםμουלִ֝֗יἐχᾶραιהֶ֘אָ֥ח׀αὐτήνהֶאָֽח׃ἀποστραφείησαν

8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 40:15שָׁמֵםmay they bemay they be appשָׁמֵםעַלononעַלעֵ֫קֶב[the] conse[the] consequenעֵ֫קֶבבֹּ֫שֶׁתshame theirshame theirבֹּ֫שֶׁתאָמַרthose [who]those [who] sayאָמַרנִיto meto meנִיהֶאָחaha!aha!הֶאָחהֶאָחaha!aha!הֶאָחהֵאbeholdbeholdהֵאעָקַבto assailto assailעָקַבבּוֹשׁbe ashamedbe ashamedבּוֹשׁעַלheightheightעַלבֹּ֫שֶׁתshameshameבֹּ֫שֶׁתהֶאָחAha!Aha!הֶאָחשָׁרַקto whistleto whistleשָׁרַקנָוֶהpasturepastureנָוֶהכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאכְּלִמָּהshameshameכְּלִמָּהכֹּהthusthusכֹּהיהוהYHWH/GodYHWH/Godיהוה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 40:15

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

may they be appalled on [the] consequence of shame their those [who] say to me aha! aha!
יָ֭שֹׁמּוּYa.sho.mu may they be appalled H8074 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
86× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The word 'shamem' means to be desolate or devastated, like a place left empty and destroyed, often used to describe the aftermath of war or disaster.
Tyndale gloss
be desolate: destroyed
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁמֵם (shamem) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be desolated or appalled. It is built from a primitive root and encompasses a range of meanings including to stun, devastate, and cause horror. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances like being made desolate or causing desolation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁמֵם] vb. be desolated, appalled

Qal

be desolated

be appalled, awestruck

Niph.

be desolated

be appalled

Pō‛.

I sat appalled

transit. appalling, causing horror

Hiph.

devastate, ravage

appal

inwardly trans., shewing horror

Hoph. all the days of (its) being desolate

Hithpō‛.

be appalled, astounded

cause oneself desolation, ruin

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8074 [שָׁמֵם] be desolated, appalled

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8074 shamem shaw-mame'

a primitive root; to stun (or intransitively, grow numb),

i.e. devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a

passive sense):--make amazed, be astonied, (be an)

astonish(-ment), (be, bring into, unto, lay, lie, make)

desolate(-ion, places), be destitute, destroy (self), (lay,

lie, make) waste, wonder.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁמֵם (sha.mem) — be desolate: destroyed.

: destroyed/deserted

1) to be desolate, be appalled, stun, stupefy

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be desolated, be deflowered, be deserted, be appalled

1a2) to be appalled, be awestruck

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be desolated, be made desolate

1b2) to be appalled

1c) (Polel)

1c1) to be stunned

1c2) appalling, causing horror (participle)

1c2a) horror-causer, appaller (subst)

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to devastate, ravage, make desolated

1d2) to appal, show horror

1e) (Hophal) to lay desolate, be desolated

1f) (Hithpolel)

1f1) to cause to be desolate

1f2) to be appalled, be astounded

1f3) to cause oneself desolation, cause oneself ruin

שָׁמֵם (sha.mem) — be desolate: appalled.

: appalled

1) to be desolate, be appalled, stun, stupefy

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be desolated, be deflowered, be deserted, be appalled

1a2) to be appalled, be awestruck

1b) (Niphal)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
may they be appalled on [the] consequence of shame their those [who] say to me aha! aha!
עַל־'al- on H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
may they be appalled on [the] consequence of shame their those [who] say to me aha! aha!
עֵ֣קֶב'E.kev [the] consequence of H6118 Noun common · masculine singular construct
15× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a consequence or result of something, often used to describe a reward or payment. It is used in Genesis 49:19, where Gad's reward is described. The word can also mean 'because' or 'on account of'.
Tyndale gloss
consequence
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֵ֫קֶב (‘eqeb) primarily means 'consequence' and can refer to a reward or end. It is often used adverbially to indicate causation, such as 'because' or 'on account of.' The word is built from the root related to 'heel,' suggesting a figurative sense of the last or result of something.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵ֫קֶב n.[m.] consequence, usu. as adv. acc. as a consequence of, because (that), also reward, end

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6118 עֵ֫קֶב consequence, usu. as adv. acc. as a consequence of, because (that), also reward, end

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6118 `eqeb ay'-keb

from 6117 in the sense of 6119; a heel, i.e. (figuratively)

the last of anything (used adverbially, for ever); also

result, i.e. compensation; and so (adverb with preposition or

relatively) on account of:--X because, by, end, for, if,

reward.

see HEBREW for 06117

see HEBREW for 06119

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵ֫קֶב (e.qev) — consequence.

1) consequence

1a) consequence

1b) consequence, gain, reward

1c) end

adv

2) as a consequence, because, consequently

conj

3) as a consequence of, that, because

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

may they be appalled on [the] consequence of shame their those [who] say to me aha! aha!
בָּשְׁתָּ֑םba.she.Tam shame their H1322 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for shame describes a feeling of embarrassment or guilt, and can also refer to something that causes shame. It is used in the Bible to describe feelings of shame or embarrassment, as in Genesis and Psalms.
Tyndale gloss
shame
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֹּ֫שֶׁת (bosheth) means 'shame' in Hebrew, encompassing both the feeling and the condition, as well as its cause. It can also refer to a shameful thing or an idol. The word is derived from a root meaning to be ashamed, and is noted in various contexts in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֹּ֫שֶׁת n.f. shame

shame

shameful thing

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1322 בֹּ֫שֶׁת shame

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1322 bosheth bo'-sheth

from 954; shame (the feeling and the condition, as well as

its cause); by implication (specifically) an idol:--ashamed,

confusion, + greatly, (put to) shame(-ful thing).

see HEBREW for 0954

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֹּ֫שֶׁת (bo.shet) — shame.

1) shame

1a) shame

1b) shameful thing

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsc/Sp3mp — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp3mp
may they be appalled on [the] consequence of shame their those [who] say to me aha! aha!
הָאֹמְרִ֥יםha.'o.me.Rim those [who] say H559 Particle · verb qal participle (active) masculine plural
5,309× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.
Tyndale gloss
to say
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָמַר (amar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to say' or 'to utter,' with a broad range of uses including to promise, command, or even boast. It appears in various forms, such as in the Qal (to say), Niphal (to be told), and Hiphil (to avow). The entries highlight its versatility in both spoken and internal contexts, though no specific verse is noted.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָמַר 5287 vb. utter, say

Qal

Say

Say in the heart (= think)

Promise

Command (esp. late)

Niph. be said, told

Hiph. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

Hithp. act proudly, boast

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H559 אָמַר utter, say .. Say

. Say in the heart (= think)

. Promise

. Command (esp. late)

. be said, told

. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

. act proudly, boast

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

559 'amar aw-mar'

a primitive root; to say (used with great

latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call,

certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment),

commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X

expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise,

publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X

suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech),

utter, X verily, X yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָמַר (a.mar) — to say.

1) to say, speak, utter

1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called

1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly

1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch

Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTd/Vqrmpa — Particle · verb qal participle (active) masculine plural
HTd/Vqrmpa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
may they be appalled on [the] consequence of shame their those [who] say to me aha! aha!
לִ֝֗יLi to me H9030 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נִי (ni) — me.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp1bs
may they be appalled on [the] consequence of shame their those [who] say to me aha! aha!
הֶ֘אָ֥ח׀he.'Ach aha! H1889 Particle
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is an expression of surprise or excitement, like saying 'aha'. It's used in the Bible to show strong emotions, like in Psalm 35:21. It's a sudden reaction
Tyndale gloss
Aha!
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֶאָח (heach) is an interjection used to express joy, akin to saying 'Aha!'. It is derived from two roots, though the specific meanings of those roots are not detailed in the entries. The word captures a moment of excitement or realization.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֶאָח interj. (onomatop.) expressing joy, Aha!

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1889 הֶאָח (onomatop.) expressing joy, Aha!

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1889 heach heh-awkh'

from 1887 and 253; aha!:--ah, aha, ha.

see HEBREW for 01887

see HEBREW for 0253

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֶאָח (he.ach) — Aha!.

aha!

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTj — Particle
HTj
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Thompson Chain Reference topics

a term of derision

Ps 35:21; 40:15; 70:3; Eze 25:3; 26:2; 36:2

--SEE Derision, DERISION

Mocking, MOCKING

& MOCKING

& SUFFERINGS OF CHRIST

may they be appalled on [the] consequence of shame their those [who] say to me aha! aha!
הֶאָֽח׃he.'Ach aha! H1889 Particle
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is an expression of surprise or excitement, like saying 'aha'. It's used in the Bible to show strong emotions, like in Psalm 35:21. It's a sudden reaction
Tyndale gloss
Aha!
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֶאָח (heach) is an interjection used to express joy, akin to saying 'Aha!'. It is derived from two roots, though the specific meanings of those roots are not detailed in the entries. The word captures a moment of excitement or realization.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֶאָח interj. (onomatop.) expressing joy, Aha!

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1889 הֶאָח (onomatop.) expressing joy, Aha!

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1889 heach heh-awkh'

from 1887 and 253; aha!:--ah, aha, ha.

see HEBREW for 01887

see HEBREW for 0253

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֶאָח (he.ach) — Aha!.

aha!

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTj — Particle
HTj
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Thompson Chain Reference topics

a term of derision

Ps 35:21; 40:15; 70:3; Eze 25:3; 26:2; 36:2

--SEE Derision, DERISION

Mocking, MOCKING

& MOCKING

& SUFFERINGS OF CHRIST

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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