Psalms 129:3 — Word Study
WLCעַל־ גַּ֭בִּי חָרְשׁ֣וּ חֹרְשִׁ֑ים הֶ֝אֱרִ֗יכוּ לְמַעֲנִיתָֽם׃
BSAThe plowmenchârash■ [farmers, those who cultivate the land] plowedchârash [scratched, engraved] overʻal my backgab [the rounded part of my body, my vulnerabilities] they made their furrowsmaʻănâh [prolonged, extended, lines of turned-over soil, wounds] longʼârak■ [deep, lasting]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עַל־ | on | Preposition |
| גַּ֭בִּי | back my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| חָרְשׁ֣וּ | they have plowed | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| חֹרְשִׁ֑ים | plowmen | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural |
| הֶ֝אֱרִ֗יכוּ | they have made long | Verb, Hiphil, perfect third person common plural |
| לְמַעֲנִיתָֽם׃ | furrows their | Preposition, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The plowmen plowed over my back; they made their furrows long. |
| KJV | The plowers plowed upon my back: they made long their furrows. |
| ASV | The plowers plowed upon my back; They made long their furrows. |
| YLT | Over my back have ploughers ploughed, They have made long their furrows. |
| WEB | The plowers plowed on my back. They made their furrows long. |
| BBE | The ploughmen were ploughing on my back; long were the wounds they made. |
Where they part company is in the specific rendering of חָרְשׁ֣וּ — see How Translations Differ.
The verse has one main clause with two supporting phrases, emphasizing the action of plowing and its impact on the psalmist.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectחָרַשׁ
verbחָרַשׁ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 129:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament on Persecutiongenerated
Psalm 129:3 reflects the psalmist's experience of suffering and oppression throughout his life. The imagery of plowmen working over his back illustrates the harsh treatment he has endured. This verse is part of a larger context that emphasizes the resilience of the faithful despite ongoing persecution, as seen in the preceding and following verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 141:7 | As when one plows and breaks up the soil, so our bones have been scattered at the mouth of Sheol. |
| 2 | Isaiah 51:23 | I will place it in the hands of your tormentors, who told you: ‘Lie down, so we can walk over you,’ so that you made your back like the ground, like a street to be traversed.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חָרְשׁ֣וּ, cha.re.Shugenerated
The verb חָרַשׁ (*charash*) means to plow or engrave, suggesting an action that leaves a mark. In this verse, it conveys the idea of being subjected to harsh treatment, akin to the act of plowing, which creates deep furrows.
The use of the participle חֹרְשִׁ֑ים indicates ongoing action — the plowmen are actively engaged in their work, symbolizing the continuous nature of the psalmist's suffering. This word choice evokes a sense of relentless oppression.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb חָרְשׁ֣וּ, they have plowed, governs the main action of the verse, while the subject חֹרְשִׁ֑ים plowmen identifies who is performing the action. The structure emphasizes the act of plowing as a metaphor for the psalmist's suffering.
The prepositional phrase עַל־ גַּ֭בִּי over my back specifies the location of this action, highlighting the personal impact of the oppression.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates חָרְשׁ֣וּ as ἐτέκταινον, which means 'to plow' or 'to work.' This choice retains the agricultural imagery while emphasizing the laborious nature of the oppression.
The use of ἐπὶ for עַל indicates a similar meaning of 'upon' or 'over,' maintaining the sense of being subjected to hardship.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 129:3 describes how the psalmist feels oppressed, comparing his suffering to plowmen who have made long furrows on his back. This imagery highlights the pain and injustice he has experienced, while also affirming his faith in God's righteousness.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The plowmen symbolize those who oppress and harm the psalmist, with their actions leaving deep scars, much like furrows in the ground.
This verse reflects a common theme in the Psalms, where the psalmist voices their pain and persecution while trusting in God's eventual deliverance.
This phrase suggests that the oppression is not only painful but also enduring, indicating that the wounds inflicted are deep and lasting.
The verse acknowledges the reality of suffering while also affirming faith in God's justice, offering hope that the oppressed will ultimately be vindicated.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced or witnessed oppression in my life or community?
- How can I find strength in my faith during times of suffering, similar to the psalmist?
- What actions can I take to support those who are oppressed or marginalized?
- How does understanding the historical context of this psalm deepen my appreciation for its message?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early church fathers referenced this verse to discuss the nature of sin and suffering. Here, Augustine of Hippo quotes it to illustrate the weight of iniquity upon the psalmist.
"Upon my back have sinners built; they have done their iniquity afar off" [Psalms 129:3].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 129 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 129:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe ploughers ploughed upon my back,.... "Sinners", as the Septuagint, Vulgate Latin, and Arabic versions, render it; such that plough iniquity, and sow wickedness, Job 4:8; which may be understood
Read John Gill on Psalms 129 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe plowers plowed upon my back: they made long their furrows. The plowers plowed upon my back; they made long their furrows. The stripes laid on Israel's back are compared to the furrows made by the plow.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 129 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BiblePloughed upon my back; they have not only thrown me down, and trod me under foot, but have cruelly tormented me, wounded and mangled me, and had no more pity upon me than the ploughman hath upon the earth which he cuts up at his pleasure. He saith, upon my back, either because they did literally scourge the captives upon their backs with such cords as are mentioned , although we do not read that the Israelitish captives were thus used by any of their enemies; or by way of allusion to that usage, which made a sort of furrows in their backs, upon which they used to lay on their strokes. They made long their furrows; they oft repeated their injuries and prolonged my torments.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 129 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 129:3 The plowers plowed upon my back: they made long their furrows.Ver. 3. The plowers plowed upon my back] Which was never without some cross upon it, yea, some plough passing over it. The Church is God’ s husbandry; and he will be sure to plough his several, whatever becometh of the wild waste. She is his threshingfloor, Isaiah 21:10, and hath but little rest or respite. Enemies are flails to thresh off our husks, files to brighten our graces, ploughs and harrows, without which we should bear but a very thin crop. God’ s people do γεωργεινταςσυμφορας, sow the seed of prayer in the long furrows which those ploughers made on their backs; like as the Jews in their feasts break their…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 129 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) Furrows.—The Hebrew word only occurs once besides, in 1 Samuel 14:14, where the margin renders as here, furrow—a rendering which plainly there is not intelligible. “Half a furrow of an acre of land,” as a space in which twenty men were killed, gives no clear idea to the mind. But Dr. J. G. Wettstein, in his excursus at the end of Delitzsch’s Commentary, explains the ma’an to be the strip of ground which the ploughman takes in hand at one time, and round which consequently at the end of each furrow the plough turns. Delitzsch’s “furrow-strip,” therefore, more exactly reproduces the word, though here doubtless it is used with a poetic freedom and may be translated furrow. The double…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 129 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. The plowers plowed upon my back] It is possible that this mode of expression may signify that the people, during their captivity, were cruelly used by scourging, c. or it may be a sort of proverbial mode of expression for the most cruel usage. There really appears here to be a reference to a yoke, as if they had actually been yoked to the plough, or to some kind of carriages, and been obliged to draw like beasts of burden. In this way St. Jerome understood the passage; and this has the more likelihood, as in the next verse God is represented as cutting them off from these draughts.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 129 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. Plowers have plowed upon my dock] A bold metaphor for cruel maltreatment. Israel is imagined as thrown prostrate upon its face, while the remorseless foe drives the plough up and down over it, brutally lacerating its back. Cp. the similar figure in Isaiah 51:23. The use of the metaphor may have been facilitated by the common identification of the people with the land, and it may be intended to suggest the thought of the slave’s back torn and furrowed by the lash (Isaiah 50:6). We are reminded also of Mic 3:12, and of the story that a plough was driven over the site of the Temple by Terentius Rufus after the capture of Jerusalem by Titus, and again by Hadrian after the suppression of Bar…
Read Cambridge on Psalms 129 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe plowers plowed upon my back - The comparison here is undoubtedly taken from the “plowing” of land, and the idea is that the sufferings which they had endured were such as would be well
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 129 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The plowmen plowed over my back; they made their furrows long.
The plowers plowed on my back. They made their furrows long.
The plowmen plowed over my back; they made their furrows long.
The plowers plowed my back; they made their furrows long.
Tyndale line
The plowers plowed upon my back: they made long their furrows.
The plowers plowed upon my back; They made long their furrows.
The plowers plowed upon my back; they made long their furrows.
The plowers plowed upon my back: they made long their furrows.
The plowers plowed vpon my backe, and made long furrowes.
Strictly literal
The ploughers ploughed upon my back; they made long their furrows.
Over my back have ploughers ploughed, They have made long their furrows.
Plowers have plowed over my back, || They have made their furrows long.
Upon my back have ploughmen ploughed; they have drawn long their furrows:
The plowers plowed on my back; they made their furrows long.
From the Latin
If thou, O Lord, wilt mark iniquities: Lord, who shall stand it.
Simplified
They beat me on my back, leaving long furrows as if it had been plowed by a farmer.
The ploughmen were ploughing on my back; long were the wounds they made.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all six words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide partial agreement, with some words supplied by an editor, but the core message remains consistent across these witnesses.
עַל־ גַּ֭בִּי חָרְשׁ֣וּ חֹרְשִׁ֑ים הֶ֝אֱרִ֗יכוּ לְמַעֲנִיתָֽם׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
על גב׳י חרשו רשעים [האריכו] [למענות׳ם]
4 words on the leather — 2 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 129:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
גַּב (gav) refers to anything convex or curved, primarily denoting the back of a person. It can also mean a mound, a boss on a shield, bulwarks, or the rim of a wheel. The word encompasses various meanings related to rounded surfaces and projections, and has an Aramaic equivalent, גַּב (H1355).
גַּב n.m. anything convex, curved, gibbous, e,g, back, chiefly late
back
mound
boss, or convex projection, of shield
bulwarks, breastworks
brow
rim of wheel
base
H1354 גַּב
1354 gab gab
from an unused root meaning to hollow or curve; the back (as
rounded (compare 1460 and 1479); by analogy, the top or rim, a
boss, a vault, arch of eye, bulwarks, etc.:--back, body, boss,
eminent (higher) place, (eye)brows, nave, ring.
see HEBREW for 01460
see HEBREW for 01479
גַּב (gav) — back/rim/brow.
1) convex surface, back
1a) back (of man)
1b) mound (for illicit worship)
1c) boss (convex projection of shield)
1d) bulwarks, breastworks (of arguments-fig.)
1e) brow, eyebrow
1f) rim (of wheel)
Aramaic equivalent: gav (גַּב "back" H1355)
N-cs | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
The Hebrew word חָרַשׁ (*charash*) encompasses meanings related to cutting, engraving, and plowing, as well as devising, often with a negative connotation. It also has a related form, חָרֵשׁ (*charesh*), which means to be silent or deaf. The entries indicate a range of uses, from physical actions to metaphorical implications of secrecy and silence.
[חָרַשׁ] vb. cut in, engrave, plough, devise
Qal
cut in, engrave
plough
devise
Niph. Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed
Hiph. fabricating mischief against
base
[חָרֵשׁ] vb. 1. be silent, dumb, speechless; 2. be deaf; chiefly poet.
Qal
be silent, alw. of God’s keeping silence when men pray
be deaf
Hiph.
be silent (= exhibit silence)
once causat. make silent
be deaf, shew deafness
base
H2790a חָרַשׁ cut in, engrave, plough, devise H2790b חָרֵשׁ . be silent, dumb, speechless
. be deaf; chiefly poet.
2790 charash khaw-rash'
a primitive root; to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to
engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate
(of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad sense);
hence (from the idea of secrecy) to be silent, to let alone;
hence (by implication) to be deaf (as an accompaniment of
dumbness):--X altogether, cease, conceal, be deaf, devise,
ear, graven, imagine, leave off speaking, hold peace,
plow(-er, man), be quiet, rest, practise secretly, keep
silence, be silent, speak not a word, be still, hold tongue,
worker.
חָרַשׁ (cha.rash) — to plow/plot.
1) to cut in, plough, engrave, devise
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cut in, engrave
1a2) to plough
1a3) to devise
1b) (Niphal) to be ploughed
1c) (Hiphil) to plot evil
חָרֵשׁ (cha.resh) — be quiet.
1) to be silent, be dumb, be speechless, be deaf
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be silent
1a2) to be deaf
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to be silent, keep quiet
1b2) to make silent
1b3) to be deaf, show deafness
1c) (Hithpael) to remain silent
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
The Hebrew word חָרַשׁ (*charash*) encompasses meanings related to cutting, engraving, and plowing, as well as devising, often with a negative connotation. It also has a related form, חָרֵשׁ (*charesh*), which means to be silent or deaf. The entries indicate a range of uses, from physical actions to metaphorical implications of secrecy and silence.
[חָרַשׁ] vb. cut in, engrave, plough, devise
Qal
cut in, engrave
plough
devise
Niph. Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed
Hiph. fabricating mischief against
base
[חָרֵשׁ] vb. 1. be silent, dumb, speechless; 2. be deaf; chiefly poet.
Qal
be silent, alw. of God’s keeping silence when men pray
be deaf
Hiph.
be silent (= exhibit silence)
once causat. make silent
be deaf, shew deafness
base
H2790a חָרַשׁ cut in, engrave, plough, devise H2790b חָרֵשׁ . be silent, dumb, speechless
. be deaf; chiefly poet.
2790 charash khaw-rash'
a primitive root; to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to
engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate
(of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad sense);
hence (from the idea of secrecy) to be silent, to let alone;
hence (by implication) to be deaf (as an accompaniment of
dumbness):--X altogether, cease, conceal, be deaf, devise,
ear, graven, imagine, leave off speaking, hold peace,
plow(-er, man), be quiet, rest, practise secretly, keep
silence, be silent, speak not a word, be still, hold tongue,
worker.
חָרַשׁ (cha.rash) — to plow/plot.
1) to cut in, plough, engrave, devise
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cut in, engrave
1a2) to plough
1a3) to devise
1b) (Niphal) to be ploughed
1c) (Hiphil) to plot evil
חָרֵשׁ (cha.resh) — be quiet.
1) to be silent, be dumb, be speechless, be deaf
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be silent
1a2) to be deaf
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to be silent, keep quiet
1b2) to make silent
1b3) to be deaf, show deafness
1c) (Hithpael) to remain silent
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine pluralHVqrmpa
אָרַךְ (arak) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be long or to prolong, often in relation to time. It can denote both a literal and figurative sense of lengthening, such as prolonging days or making tent cords longer. The entries indicate that it is primarily used in the Qal and Hiphil stems, with a focus on duration and continuation.
[אָרַךְ, אָרֵךְ] vb. be long, almost alw. of time
Qal be long
Hiph.
trans. prolong
intrans. grow long, continue long
base
H748 [אָרַךְ, אָרֵךְ] be long, almost alw. of time .be long
. . trans. prolong
. intrans. grow long, continue long
748 'arak aw-rak'
a primitive root; to be (causative, make) long (literally or
figuratively):--defer, draw out, lengthen, (be, become, make,
pro-)long, + (out-, over-)live, tarry (long).
אָרַךְ (a.rakh) — to prolong.
1) to be long, prolong
1a) (Qal) to be long
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to prolong (days)
1b2) to make long (tent cords)
1b3) to grow long, continue long
Aramaic equivalent: a.rakh (אֲרִיךְ "be proper" H0749)
V-Hiphil-Perf-3cp — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person common pluralHVhp3cp
מַעֲנָה (ma`anah) refers to a furrow or a place for ploughing, derived from the root meaning related to depression or tilling. The term is associated with agricultural tasks, particularly in the context of fields. It appears in discussions about land preparation and farming.
מַעֲנָה n.f. place for task (?), specif. field for ploughing
base
H4618 מַעֲנָה
4618 ma`anah mah-an-aw'
from 6031, in the sense of depression or tilling; a
furrow:--+ acre, furrow.
see HEBREW for 06031
מַעֲנָה (ma.a.nah) — furrow.
ploughing ground, place for task
Prep | N-fp | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncfpc/Sp3mp