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Proverbs 30:26 — Word Study

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WLCשְׁ֭פַנִּים עַ֣ם לֹא־ עָצ֑וּם וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ בַסֶּ֣לַע בֵּיתָֽם׃

BSAthe rock badgersshâphân [hyraxes, conies, or feeble folk] are creaturesʻam of littlelôʼ [not mighty, weak] powerʻâtsûwm yet they makesûwm their homesbayith [houses, places, or beds] in the rocksçelaʻ [craggy cliffs, strong and secure places]

Word
Listen & take awayProverbs 30
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 26 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (bei.Tam) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Proverbs 30:26quick helps
In a sentenceThe rock badgers are weak creatures that find security in the rocks.
Who is speakingThe author of Proverbs, reflecting on the wisdom of nature.
Where we areA collection of observations about small creatures and their surprising strengths.
The hard wordשְׁ֭פַנִּים
Take awayEven the weak can find strong places to dwell.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectשָׁפָן verbשׂים The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Proverbs 30:26

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Observations on Small Creaturesgenerated

25The ants are creatures of little strength, yet they store up their food in the summer;
26the rock badgers are creatures of little power, yet they make their homes in the rocks;
27the locusts have no king, yet they all advance in formation;
28and the lizard can be caught in one’s hands, yet it is found in the palaces of kings.

Proverbs 30:26 presents the rock badgers as an example of creatures that, despite their weakness, find refuge in strong places. This verse is part of a series of observations in Proverbs 30 that highlight the wisdom found in nature, encouraging readers to reflect on the characteristics and behaviors of various animals as a source of insight.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Leviticus 11:5The rock badger, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you.
2Psalm 104:18The high mountains are for the wild goats, the cliffs a refuge for the rock badgers.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;Leviticus 11:5 Psalm 104:18

The Key Word שְׁ֭פַנִּים, She.fa.nimgenerated

The Hebrew word שָׁפָן (shaphan) refers to a rock badger or hyrax. This animal is characterized as small and weak, yet it demonstrates wisdom by making its home in the protective environment of the rocks.

The term is used here to illustrate a broader principle about finding strength and security in seemingly weak circumstances. The parsing as a masculine plural noun indicates that it refers to a group of these creatures, emphasizing their collective behavior.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause is structured around the verb וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ, and they made, which governs the rest of the sentence. The subject is שְׁ֭פַנִּים, rock badgers, followed by the adverbial negation לֹא, not, and the predicate עָצ֑וּם, mighty.

The structure emphasizes the contrast between the badgers' perceived weakness and their wise choice of habitat, highlighting a common theme in Hebrew poetry of strength found in unexpected places.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew שָׁפָן is rendered as κύνες, which translates to 'dogs' in Greek. This choice may reflect a broader interpretation of the characteristics of the rock badger, suggesting a comparison to other animals known for their adaptability.

The use of ἔθνος for עַם indicates a focus on the collective nature of these creatures, aligning with the overall theme of community and survival.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Proverbs 30:26 describes rock badgers as weak creatures that make their homes in the rocks. This shows that even small and seemingly powerless animals can find safety in strong places. The verse encourages readers to consider how wisdom can be found in the natural world.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the term 'rock badgers' refer to?

Rock badgers, or hyraxes, are small animals that are known for their ability to find refuge in rocky areas.

Why are rock badgers described as weak?

They are considered weak due to their small size and lack of physical strength compared to larger animals.

What is the significance of their choice to live in rocks?

The choice to dwell in rocks illustrates a strategy for survival, highlighting the wisdom of finding safety in secure locations.

How does this verse relate to the overall theme of Proverbs 30?

This verse fits within a collection of observations about small creatures, emphasizing the lessons that can be learned from their behaviors and characteristics.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What can I learn from the rock badgers about finding strength in my weaknesses?
  2. How can I apply the wisdom of this verse to my own life and choices?
  3. In what ways do I seek security in my life, and are they wise choices?
  4. How does observing nature help me understand deeper truths about life and faith?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentary on this verse reflects on the nature of the rock badgers as a metaphor for the Church, highlighting their perceived weakness and the wisdom in their choices.

BedeCommentary on Proverbs c. 673–735
The coney, a weak people, etc. And this too denotes the people of the Church, who are called weak; either because, as we said earlier, they do not seek to avenge their own injuries;
Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 30 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Proverbs 30:26 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

The coneys [are but] a feeble folk,.... Or "rabbits"; though some think these creatures are not intended, because they are not so little as those with which they are ranked, the ant, the locust, and

Read John Gill on Proverbs 30 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks; The conies ... feeble ... yet make they their houses in the rocks - not the rabbit, which is not found in Bible lands, but a

Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 30 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

In rocky ground, or in the holes of rocks, for their safety against their too potent enemies.

Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 30 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Proverbs 30:26 The conies [are but] a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;Ver. 26. The conies are but a feeble folk.] But what they want in strength they have in wisdom; while they work themselves holes and burrows in the earth. Gaudet in effossis habitare cuniculus antris, secures herself in the rocks and stony places. It shall be our wisdom to work ourselves into the rock Christ Jesus, where we shall be safe from hellish hunters. Martial.

Read John Trapp on Proverbs 30 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(26) The conies are but a feeble folk, being only about as big as a rabbit, with nails instead of claws, and weak teeth. Its Hebrew name (shâphân) signifies a “hider,” from its habit of living in clefts of the rocks; its scientific name is Hyrax Syriacus. The translation “coney,” i.e., rabbit, is a mistake. In general appearance it resembles a guinea-pig or marmot.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 30 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

26. The conies] The Heb. word means the hiders, so called from their “making their houses,” hiding themselves, “in the rocks.” It is now generally agreed that the animal in question is not, as the name coney, by which it is called also in Leviticus 11:5; Psalms 104:18, implies, a rabbit, but belongs to a different species, being “in its anatomy a true pachyderm, allied to the rhinoceros and the tapir, inferior to them as it is in size.” “It is about the size of a well-grown rabbit, with short ears, round head, long plantigrade feet, no tail, and nails instead of claws. With its weak teeth and short incisors, there seem few animals so entirely without the means of self-defence. But the…

Read Cambridge on Proverbs 30 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Conies - See the marginal reference note.

Read Albert Barnes on Proverbs 30 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

24-28. Four things… little — Here is the enigma of the four small and contemptible things, that are yet esteemed for their wisdom and other qualities. The ants — See Proverbs 6:6; and notes there. The conies — Rabbits.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 30 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

the rock badgers are creatures of little power, yet they make their homes in the rocks;

WEBWorld English Bible2000

The hyraxes are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

the rock badgers are creatures of little power, yet they make their homes in the rocks;

NETBNew English Translation2006

rock badgers are creatures with little power, but they make their homes in the crags;

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

The conies are but a feeble folk, Yet make they their houses in the rocks;

RVARevised Version, American1894

The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;

NWBWebster's Bible1833

The conies are but a feeble people, yet they make their houses in the rocks;

GNVGeneva Bible1599

The conies a people not mightie, yet make their houses in the rocke:

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

the rock-badgers are but a feeble folk, yet they make their house in the cliff;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Conies [are] a people not strong, And they place in a rock their house,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

hyraxes [are] a people not strong, || And they place their house in a rock,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

The conies are but a feeble people, therefore do they place on the rocks their houses;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

the rock badgers are not mighty creatures, but they make their homes in the rocks.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The rabbit, a weak people, which maketh its bed in the rock:

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Hyraxes —they don't have much power, but they make their homes in the rock.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

The conies are only a feeble people, but they make their houses in the rocks;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausesubjectשְׁ֭פַנִּיםrock.badgersnoun phrase · predicateעַ֣ם[are].a.peopleclauseadverbialלֹאnotpredicateעָצ֑וּםmightyוַandclauseverbיָּשִׂ֖ימוּthey.madeprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַinnoun phrasetheסֶּ֣לַעrock[s]noun phrase · objectבֵּיתָֽhomeםtheir

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely on the wording of this verse, with six of the seven words matching. The differences lie primarily in the translation choices and the arrangement of the words, which reflect the distinct linguistic styles of Hebrew and Greek.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

שְׁ֭פַנִּים עַ֣ם לֹא־ עָצ֑וּם וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ בַסֶּ֣לַע בֵּיתָֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
עַ֣םἔθνοςלֹא־οὐκעָצ֑וּםἰσξυρόνוַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּἐποιήσαντοבַסֶּ֣לַעπέτραιςבֵּיתָֽם׃οἴκους

6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Proverbs 30:26שָׁפָןrock badgerrock badgersשָׁפָןעַם[are] a peo[are] a peopleעַםלֹאnotnotלֹאעָצוּםmightymightyעָצוּםשׂוּםand they maand they madeשׂוּםסֶ֫לַעin the rockin the rock[s]סֶ֫לַעבֵּיתhome theirhome theirבֵּיתבָּנָהto buildto buildבָּנָהסָפַןto treasurto treasureסָפַןעָמַםto darkento darkenעָמַםעָצֹםbe vastbe vastעָצֹםגְּמַרְיָ֫הוּGemariahGemariahגְּמַרְיָ֫הוּאֲחִיקָםAhikamAhikamאֲחִיקָםיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדרַבmanymanyרַבגּוֹיGentileGentileגּוֹישַׁמָּהhorror: dehorror: destroyשַׁמָּהשְׁמָמָהDesolateDesolateשְׁמָמָהצְחִיחַbarebareצְחִיחַסָעִיףcleftcleftסָעִיףאוֹצָרtreasuretreasureאוֹצָר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 30:26

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

rock badgers [are] a people not mighty and they made in the rock[s] home their
שְׁ֭פַנִּיםShe.fa.nim rock badgers H8227 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
34× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Shaphan refers to a type of rock rabbit, likely a hyrax, or a man who lived during the Exile and Return, including a secretary of king Josiah of Judah.
Amplified meaning
hyraxes, conies, or feeble folk
Tyndale gloss
rock badger
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׁפָן (shaphan) refers to a rock badger or hyrax. It also denotes a historical figure, a secretary under King Josiah, who is mentioned as the father of several individuals, including Ahikam and Elasah. There is some uncertainty regarding the relationships between these figures, as some entries suggest they may be the same person.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁפָן n.m. rock-badger, hyrax syriacus

base

שָׁפָן n.pr.m.

secretary under Josiah

father of אֲחִיקָם, contemp. of 1 (improb. = 1)

father of אֶלְעָשָׂה, perh. = 2.

father of גְּמַרְיָ֫הוּ, perh. = 1.

father of יַאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ, possibly = 1.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8227a שָׁפָן rock-badger, hyrax syriacus H8227b שָׁפָן . secretary under Josiah

. father of אֲחִיקָם, contemp. of 1 (improb. = 1)

. father of אֶלְעָשָׂה, perh. = 2.

. father of גְּמַרְיָ֫הוּ, perh. = 1.

. father of יַאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ, possibly = 1.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8227 shaphan shaw-fawn'

from 8226; a species of rock-rabbit (from its hiding), i.e.

probably the hyrax:--coney.

see HEBREW for 08226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁפָן (sha.phan) — rock badger.

rock badger, coney, the hyrax

שָׁפָן (sha.phan) — Shaphan.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.22.3;

son of: Azaliah (H0683);

father of: Ahikam (H0296), Elasah (H0501J), Gemariah (H1587H)

§ Shaphan = "coney"

1) secretary or scribe of king Josiah of Judah

2) father of Ahikam in the time of king Josiah of Judah

2a) improbably the same as 2

3) father of Elasah in the time of the prophet Jeremiah

3a) perhaps the same as 3

4) a scribe and father of Gemariah

4a) perhaps the same as 2

5) father of Jaazaniah in the time of Ezekiel

5a) perhaps the same as 2

שָׁפָן (sha.phan) — Shaphan.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Ezk.8.11;

father of: Jaazaniah (H2970H)

§ Shaphan = "coney"

1) secretary or scribe of king Josiah of Judah

2) father of Ahikam in the time of king Josiah of Judah

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
rock badgers [are] a people not mighty and they made in the rock[s] home their
עַ֣ם'am [are] a people H5971 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
1,873× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Tyndale gloss
Amaw
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people

a people, nation

= smaller units

= common people

people in gen., persons

phrases

base

[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5971 `am am

from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a

tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or

attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,

people.

see HEBREW for 06004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַם (am) — people.

: people/nation

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — kinsman.

kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Ammi.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — People's (Gate).

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.

Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Amaw.

This name means nation, people

עַם (am) — people: soldiers.

: soldiers/army

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — people: creatures.

: creatures

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…

rock badgers [are] a people not mighty and they made in the rock[s] home their
לֹא־lo'- not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Amplified meaning
not mighty, weak
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
rock badgers [are] a people not mighty and they made in the rock[s] home their
עָצ֑וּם'a.Tzum mighty H6099 Adj
31× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means mighty or powerful, often describing something as strong or numerous. It is used in the Bible to describe God's power and strength.
Tyndale gloss
mighty
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָצוּם (atsuwm) is an adjective meaning mighty or numerous. It conveys strength and power, often in the context of numbers. The word is derived from a root meaning to be powerful, and it appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, emphasizing might and abundance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָצוּם 31 adj. mighty, numerous

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6099 עָצוּם mighty, numerous

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6099 `atsuwm aw-tsoom'

or matsum {aw-tsoom'}; passive participle of 6105; powerful

(specifically, a paw); by implication, numerous:--+ feeble,

great, mighty, must, strong.

see HEBREW for 06105

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָצוּם (a.tsum) — mighty.

1) mighty, vast, numerous

1a) mighty, strong (in number)

1b) numerous, countless

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAamsa
rock badgers [are] a people not mighty and they made in the rock[s] home their
וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּvai.ya.Si.mu and they made H7760 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine plural
585× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to put or place something, and is used in many different ways in the Bible, such as to appoint or determine something. It is first used in Genesis to describe God's creation. In the KJV, it is translated as 'appoint' or 'set' in various contexts.
Tyndale gloss
to set: make
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שׂוּם (sum) is a verb meaning to put, place, or set, with a wide range of applications including appointing, establishing, and making. It can also refer to laying something upon or directing it. There is a related noun שׂוּמָה (sumah), which may denote a token of unluckiness. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שׂוּם, שִׂים 582 vb. put, place, set

Qal

put, set, in a place

put something upon

put, lay, set

put, c. בֵּין

set, direct

set, ordain, in a place

set, establish a law, statute

set, found a nation

set, appoint (as ruler, official)

set, constitute, make

set, determine, fix, bounds

set, station, at a post

put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars

set up altars

= plant, wheat

set, fix (countenance)

make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for, transform into

make, constitute

work, bring to pass

appoint, give

set, fix (countenance)

Hiph. I will make him for a sign

Hoph. there was set before him

base

שׂוּמָה perhaps n. f. token of unluckiness, scowl;—2 S 13:32

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7760a שׂוּם, שִׂים put, place, set .. . put, set, in a place

. put something upon

. put, lay, set

. put, c. בֵּין

. set, direct

. . set, ordain, in a place

. set, establish a law, statute

. set, found a nation

. set, appoint (as ruler, official)

. set, constitute, make

. set, determine, fix, bounds

. . set, station, at a post

. put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars

. set up altars

. = plant, wheat

. set, fix (countenance)

. . make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for, transform into

. make, constitute

. work, bring to pass

. appoint, give

. set, fix (countenance)

. I will make him for a sign

. there was set before him

H7760b שׂוּמָה perhaps n. f. token of unluckiness, scowl

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7760 suwm soom

or siym {seem}; a primitive root; to put (used in a great

variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially,

and elliptically):--X any wise, appoint, bring, call (a

name), care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider,

convey, determine, + disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap

up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out),

mark, + name, X on, ordain, order, + paint, place, preserve,

purpose, put (on), + regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set

(on, up), shew, + stedfastly, take, X tell, + tread down,

((over-))turn, X wholly, work.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שׂוּם (sum) — to set: make.

: make/establish

1) to put, place, set, appoint, make

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on

1a2) to set, direct, direct toward

1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig)

1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix

1a4) to set, station, put, set in place, plant, fix

1a5) to make, make for, transform into, constitute, fashion, work, bring to pass, appoint, give

1b) (Hiphil) to set or make for a sign

1c) (Hophal) to be set

שׂוּמָה (su.mah) — fate.

token of unluckiness, scowl

שׂוּם (sum) — to set: put.

: put/give

1) to put, place, set, appoint, make

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on

1a2) to set, direct, direct toward

1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig)

1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine plural
Hc/Vqw3mp
rock badgers [are] a people not mighty and they made in the rock[s] home their
בַסֶּ֣לַעva.Se.la' in the rock[s] H5553 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
58× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means a craggy rock or cliff, a strong and secure place, like the rock of salvation in Psalm 71:3.
Amplified meaning
craggy cliffs, strong and secure places
Tyndale gloss
crag
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סֶ֫לַע (cela`) refers to a crag or cliff, indicating a strong, rocky formation. It can denote both a literal rock and a figurative stronghold, suggesting security and loftiness. The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to rugged terrain and fortification, with no significant disagreements noted among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סֶ֫לַע 61 n.m. crag, cliff

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5553 סֶ֫לַע crag, cliff

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5553 cela` seh'-lah

from an unused root meaning to be lofty; a craggy rock,

literally or figuratively (a fortress):--(ragged) rock,

stone(-ny), strong hold.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סֶ֫לַע (se.la) — rock.

The Rock

Sela (H5554)

סֶ֫לַע (se.la) — crag.

1) crag, cliff, rock

1a) crag, cliff

1b) as stronghold of Jehovah, of security (fig.)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HRd/Ncmsa
rock badgers [are] a people not mighty and they made in the rock[s] home their
בֵּיתָֽם׃bei.Tam home their H1004 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
2,049× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for house refers to a dwelling place, including a family home, temple, or even the human body. It appears in various contexts, such as the temple in Jerusalem or the household of a family. In the Bible, it is often used to describe a place of worship or a family's living space.
Amplified meaning
houses, places, or beds
Tyndale gloss
place
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word בַּיִת (*bayith*) means 'house' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including dwelling, family, and place. It can refer to physical structures, such as homes and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like the body or household affairs. The word is built from the root related to 'between' and appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between

base

בַּ֫יִת 2034 n.m. house

house

place

receptacle

of house as containing a family

household, family (592 t.)

house, including household affairs

lit. housewards, hence metaph. inwards

מִבַּיִת

adv. on the inside

prep. within

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1004a בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between H1004b בַּ֫יִת house

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1004 bayith bah'-yith

probably from 1129 abbreviated; a house (in the greatest

variation of applications, especially family, etc.):--court,

daughter, door, + dungeon, family, + forth of, X great as

would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter)house(-hold),

inside(-ward), palace, place, + prison, + steward, + tablet,

temple, web, + within(-out).

see HEBREW for 01129

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּית (bet) — place.

nm

place, origin, between

בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — house: home.

: home/temple/building

nm

1) house

1a) house, dwelling habitation

1b) shelter or abode of animals

1c) human bodies (fig.)

1d) of Sheol

1e) of abode of light and darkness

1f) of land of Ephraim

2) place

3) receptacle

4) home, house as containing a family

5) household, family

5a) those belonging to the same household

5b) family of descendants, descendants as organized body

6) household affairs

7) inwards (metaph.)

8) (TWOT) temple

adv

9) on the inside

prep

10) within

בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(ashbea).

nm

This name is used for a house, habitation

Combined with ash.be.a (אַשְׁבֵּעַ "Ashbea" H0791)

בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth (Haggan).

nm

This name is used for a house, habitation

Combined with hag (גַּן "Haggan" H1588)

בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(togarmah).

nm

This name is used for a house, habitation

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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