Numbers 29:18 — Word Study
WLCוּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִים לָאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃
BSAalong with the grain and drink offeringsminchâh [meal, libation] for the bullspar [young oxen] ramsʼayil [strong male sheep] and lambskebes [young sheep] according to the numbermiçpâr [quantity, count] prescribedmishpâṭ [ordained, as the law requires]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּמִנְחָתָ֣ם | and grain offering their | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם | and drink offerings their | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| לַ֠פָּרִים | for the young bulls | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| לָאֵילִ֧ם | for the rams | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים | and for the lambs | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם | by number their | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ | according to the ordinance | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | along with the grain and drink offerings for the bulls, rams, and lambs, according to the number prescribed. |
| KJV | And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner: |
| ASV | and their meal-offering and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordinance; |
| YLT | and their present, and their libations, for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the sheep, in their number, according to the ordinance; |
| WEB | and their meal offering and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordinance; |
| BBE | And their meal offering and their drink offerings for the oxen and the sheep and the lambs, in relation to their number, as it is ordered: |
Where they part company is in the specific terms used for the offerings — see How Translations Differ.
The structure highlights the offerings first, followed by their purpose and the required quantities, emphasizing the importance of each element.
5 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Poole, Trapp, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Numbers 29:18
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Instructions for Festival Offeringsgenerated
Numbers 29:18 describes the offerings that must accompany the sacrifices during the festival. These offerings include both grain and drink offerings, which are essential components of the sacrificial system outlined in the Torah. The verse emphasizes the importance of adhering to the prescribed quantities, ensuring that the offerings are made in accordance with God's commands, as seen throughout the Book of Numbers.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Numbers 29:3–4 | together with their grain offerings of fine flour mixed with oil—three-tenths of an ephah with the bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram, |
| 2 | Numbers 15:4–12 | then the one presenting his offering to the LORD shall also present a grain offering of a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a quarter hin of olive oil. |
| 3 | Numbers 28:7–14 | The drink offering accompanying each lamb shall be a quarter hin. Pour out the offering of fermented drink to the LORD in the sanctuary area. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מִנְחָה, minchahgenerated
The term מִנְחָה (minchah) refers to a gift or offering, particularly in a religious context. It often denotes a grain offering, which is a bloodless sacrifice presented to God, signifying devotion and gratitude.
This word is built from a root meaning to apportion or bestow, highlighting its role as a donation or present to God. In this verse, it indicates the grain offerings that accompany the animal sacrifices, emphasizing the completeness of the offerings required.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb structure is implied rather than explicit in this verse, as it lists the offerings required. The main focus is on the noun phrases detailing the offerings and the prepositional phrases indicating their purpose and quantity.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the offerings themselves, with the grain and drink offerings coming first, followed by the animals and the prescribed number, highlighting the importance of each component in the sacrificial system.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the word used for the offerings is αὐτῶν (autōn), which translates to 'their.' This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew, maintaining the focus on the offerings belonging to the bulls, rams, and lambs.
The Septuagint's rendering aligns closely with the Hebrew text, emphasizing the continuity of the sacrificial practices across both texts.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Numbers 29:18 outlines the offerings to be presented during the festival, which include grain and drink offerings alongside the sacrifices of bulls, rams, and lambs. Each type of offering is specified according to the number required, ensuring that all is done as commanded.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The verse mentions grain offerings and drink offerings that accompany the sacrifices of bulls, rams, and lambs.
These offerings are important as they fulfill God's commandments regarding the sacrificial system, symbolizing devotion and the community's relationship with God.
This verse connects to other instructions in Numbers regarding the sacrificial system and the importance of following God's laws for worship.
It means that the offerings must be made in the specific quantities outlined in the law, ensuring adherence to God's requirements.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I apply the principles of offering and sacrifice in my own life today?
- What does it mean to me to give offerings to God in my worship?
- In what ways can I ensure that I am following God's commands in my spiritual practices?
- How can I better understand the significance of the offerings described in the Old Testament?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Numbers 29:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd on the fifteenth day of the seventh month ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work, and ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days: On the fifteenth day - was to be held
Read Robert Jamieson on Numbers 29 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleOf which see for meat-offerings, ,4,9,10; and for drink-offerings, ,14
Read Matthew Poole on Numbers 29 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsNumbers 29:18 And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, [shall be] according to their number, after the manner:Ver. 18. After the manner.] That is, in manner and form aforesaid. The manner is that which makes or mars the action; as a good suit may be marred in the making, so a good duty: there may be malum opus in bona materia. Jehu’ s zeal was rewarded as an act of justice, quoad substantiam operis; and punished as an act of policy, quoad modum agendi, for the perverse end. Yea, David, for failing in a ceremony only, though with an honest heart, suffered a breach instead of a blessing. Idolaters also went on in their own manner as…
Read John Trapp on Numbers 29 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges18. ye shall do no laborious work] The expression is found only in H (Leviticus 23:7-8 &c.) and in this and the following chapter. It is not only the work of slaves that is forbidden, as E.VV. might suggest, but all business or occupation that requires labour. Numbers 29:1. a day of blowing of trumpets] See Numbers 10:10.
Read Cambridge on Numbers 29 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleTHE FEAST OF — , Numbers 29:12-40.The cycle of Jewish feasts culminated in this, the grandest and most joyful of all.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Numbers 29 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
along with the grain and drink offerings for the bulls, rams, and lambs, according to the number prescribed.
and their meal offering and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordinance;
along with the grain and drink offerings for the bulls, rams, and lambs, according to the number prescribed.
and their grain offering and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed,
Tyndale line
And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
and their meal-offering and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordinance;
and their meal offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordinance:
And their meat-offering and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
With their meate offring and their drinke offrings for the bullockes, for the rammes, and for the lambes according to their nomber, after the maner,
Strictly literal
and their oblation and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, by their number, according to the ordinance;
and their present, and their libations, for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the sheep, in their number, according to the ordinance;
and their present and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the sheep, in their number, according to the ordinance;
And their meat-offering and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the sheep, shall be according to their number, after the prescribed manner;
You must make with them a grain offering and the drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, making as many offerings as were commanded.
From the Latin
And the sacrifices and the libations for every one, for the calves and for the rams and for the lambs you shall duly celebrate:
Simplified
They are to be accompanied by their grain offerings and drink offerings for the bulls, rams, and lambs, all according to the number required.
And their meal offering and their drink offerings for the oxen and the sheep and the lambs, in relation to their number, as it is ordered:
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their essential wording for this verse, with the Samaritan Pentateuch differing only in the term for rams, using אילים instead of the Hebrew אַיִל. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide a version that closely resembles the Masoretic Text but has been edited to fill in gaps.
וּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִים לָאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ומנחתם ונסכיהם לפרים לאילים ולכבשׂים במספרם כמשׁפט
1 word differs from the Masoretic Text: אילים (ram, despot)
[ומנחת׳ם] [ונסכי׳הם] [לפרים] [לאילים] [ולכבשים] [במספר׳ם] [כמשפט]
nothing on the leather here — 7 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Numbers 29:18
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מִנְחָה (minchah) refers to a gift or offering, particularly in a religious context. It encompasses a range of meanings including tribute, voluntary offerings, and specifically bloodless sacrifices, often grain offerings. The term is derived from a root meaning to apportion or bestow, indicating a donation or present, especially to God.
מִנְחָה 153 n.f. gift, tribute, offering
gift, present
tribute
offering made to God, of any kind, whether grain or animals
grain offering
grain-offering, always with this meaning in P
vbs. of offering are
base
H4503 מִנְחָה gift, tribute, offering
4503 minchah min-khaw'
from an unused root meaning to apportion, i.e. bestow; a
donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial
offering (usually bloodless and voluntary):--gift, oblation,
(meat) offering, present, sacrifice.
מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering.
: offering/sacrifice
1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering
1a) gift, present
1b) tribute
1c) offering (to God)
1d) grain offering
מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering: gift.
: gift
1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering
1a) gift, present
1b) tribute
1c) offering (to God)
1d) grain offering
מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering: tribute.
: tribute
1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering
1a) gift, present
1b) tribute
1c) offering (to God)
1d) grain offering
Conj | N-fs | Suff — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncfsc/Sp3mp
The Hebrew word נֶ֫סֶךְ (*necek*) primarily means 'drink offering' or 'libation,' referring to a ritual pouring of liquid. It can also denote 'molten images' or 'cast idols.' The word is derived from a root meaning to pour out, and its Aramaic equivalent is noted as well.
נֶ֫סֶךְ n.m. drink-offering
drink-offering
molten images
base
H5262 נֶ֫סֶךְ drink-offering . drink-offering
. molten images
5262 necek neh'-sek
or necek {nay'-sek}; from 5258; a libation; also a cast
idol:--cover, drink offering, molten image.
see HEBREW for 05258
נֶ֫סֶךְ (ne.sekh) — drink offering.
1) drink offering, libation, molten image, something poured out
1a) drink offering
1b) molten images
Aramaic equivalent: ne.sakh (נְסַךְ "drink offering" H5261)
HC/Ncmpc/Sp3mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp3mp
פַּר (par) refers to a young bull or steer. It is derived from a root that suggests strength or breaking forth. The term encompasses meanings like bullock and calf, indicating its use in contexts related to livestock.
פַּר 132 n.m. young bull, steer
base
H6499 פַּר young bull, steer
6499 par par
or par {pawr}; from 6565; a bullock (apparently as breaking
forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof):--(+
young) bull(-ock), calf, ox.
see HEBREW for 06565
פַּר (par) — bullock.
young bull, steer, bullock
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
אַ֫יִל (ayil) encompasses several meanings, including 'ram,' 'projecting pillar or pilaster,' 'leader or chief,' and 'terebinth.' It is derived from a root meaning strength, suggesting a connection to might and support. The term appears in various contexts, reflecting its diverse applications in the Old Testament.
אַ֫יִל 156 n.m. ram (as leader of flock)
base
אַ֫יִל n.[m.] projecting pillar or pilaster
base
[אַ֫יִל ?] n.m. leader, chief
base
[אַ֫יִל ?] n.m. terebinth
base
H352a אַ֫יִל ram H352b אַ֫יִל projecting pillar or pilaster H352c אַ֫יִל leader, chief H352d אַ֫יִל terebinth
352 'ayil ah'-yil
from the same as 193; properly, strength; hence, anything
strong; specifically a chief (politically); also a ram (from
his strength); a pilaster (as a strong support); an oak or
other strong tree:--mighty (man), lintel, oak, post, ram,
tree.
see HEBREW for 0193
אַ֫יִל (a.yil) — ram.
1) ram
1a) ram (as food)
1b) ram (as sacrifice)
1c) ram (skin dyed red, for tabernacle)
אַ֫יִל (a.yil) — pillar.
pillar, door post, jambs, pilaster
אַ֫יִל (a.yil) — leader.
strong man, leader, chief
אַ֫יִל (a.yil) — terebinth.
mighty tree, terebinth
Aramaic equivalent: i.lan (אִילָן "tree" H0363)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
כֶּ֫בֶשׂ (*kebes*) means 'lamb' and can also refer to a young ram or sheep. The word is derived from an unused root suggesting a meaning related to dominance. It appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, primarily denoting young sheep.
כֶּ֫בֶשׂ 107 n.m. lamb
base
H3532 כֶּ֫בֶשׂ lamb
3532 kebes keh-bes'
from an unused root meaning to dominate; a ram (just old
enough to butt):--lamb, sheep.
כֶּ֫בֶשׂ (ke.ve.s) — lamb.
lamb, sheep, young ram
Conj | Prep | N-mp — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Rd/Ncmpa
are the young of sheep, but originally included also the young of goats. They formed an important part of almost every sacrifice. (Exodus 29:38-41; Numbers 28:9,11; 29:2,13-40) etc. [On the paschal lamb see PASSOVER]
מִסְפָּר (mispar) means 'number' or 'tale.' It can refer to definite or indefinite quantities, ranging from large to small. The word also encompasses concepts of narration and recounting. The entries consistently highlight its numerical and narrative aspects without significant disagreement.
מִסְפָּר 133 n.m. number, tale
base
H4557 מִסְפָּר number, tale
4557 micpar mis-pawr'
from 5608; a number, definite (arithmetical) or indefinite
(large, innumerable; small, a few); also (abstractly)
narration:--+ abundance, account, X all, X few, (in-)finite,
(certain) number(-ed), tale, telling, + time.
see HEBREW for 05608
מִסְפָּר (mis.par) — number.
1) number, tale
1a) number
1a1) number
1a2) innumerable (with negative)
1a3) few, numerable (alone)
1a4) by count, in number, according to number (with prep)
1b) recounting, relation
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp3mp
The Hebrew word מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) primarily means judgment or justice and encompasses various aspects such as legal rights, ordinances, and decisions. It is derived from a root meaning to pronounce a verdict, covering both human and divine law. The entries highlight its application in legal contexts, including the act of deciding cases and the attributes of justice and rectitude.
מִשְׁפָּט 422 n.m. judgment
judgment
justice, right, rectitude
ordinance
decision
one's (legal) right, privilege, due
proper, fitting, measure
custom, manner
what manner of
plan
base
H4941 מִשְׁפָּט judgment . judgment
. justice, right, rectitude
. ordinance
. decision
. one's (legal) right, privilege, due
. . proper, fitting, measure
. custom, manner
. what manner of
. plan
4941 mishpat mish-pawt'
from 8199; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable)
pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree
(human or (participant's) divine law, individual or
collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the
crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a
participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or
even a style:--+ adversary, ceremony, charge, X crime,
custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due,
fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly),
(manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order,
ordinance, right, sentence, usest, X worthy, + wrong.
see HEBREW for 08199
מִשְׁפָּט (mish.pat) — justice: judgement.
: judgement/punishment
1) judgment, justice, ordinance
1a) judgment
1a1) act of deciding a case
1a2) place, court, seat of judgment
1a3) process, procedure, litigation (before judges)
1a4) case, cause (presented for judgment)
1a5) sentence, decision (of judgment)
1a6) execution (of judgment)
1a7) time (of judgment)
1b) justice, right, rectitude (attributes of God or man)
1c) ordinance
1d) decision (in law)
1e) right, privilege, due (legal)
1f) proper, fitting, measure, fitness, custom, manner, plan
מִשְׁפָּט (mish.pat) — justice.
: justice/right/righteousness
1) judgment, justice, ordinance
1a) judgment
1a1) act of deciding a case
1a2) place, court, seat of judgment
1a3) process, procedure, litigation (before judges)
1a4) case, cause (presented for judgment)
1a5) sentence, decision (of judgment)
1a6) execution (of judgment)
1a7) time (of judgment)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
or'-di-nans:
1. Old Testament Use:
This word generally represents chuqqah, something prescribed, enactment, usually with reference to matters of ritual. In the King James Version the same word is frequently translated by "statute" or "statutes," which is also the rendering of a similar Hebrew word, namely, choq. the Revised Version (British and American) generally retains "ordinance," but sometimes substitutes "statute" (e.g. Ex 18:20; Ps 99:7). In one instance the Revised Version (British and American) renders "set portion" (Eze 45:14). The word generally has a religious or ceremonial significance. It is used for instance in connection with the Passover (Ex 12:43;