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Micah 5:11 — Word Study

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WLCוְהִכְרַתִּ֖י עָרֵ֣י אַרְצֶ֑ךָ וְהָרַסְתִּ֖י כָּל־ מִבְצָרֶֽיךָ׃

BSAI will removekârath [cut off, destroy]

Word
Listen & take awayMicah 5
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 11 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (miv.tza.Rei.kha) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Micah 5:11quick helps
In a sentenceGod declares He will remove cities and destroy strongholds as a sign of judgment.
Who is speakingThe LORD, through the prophet Micah.
Where we areIn a prophetic declaration of impending judgment.
The hard wordכָּרַת
Take awayThe destruction signifies a removal of security.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbכָּרַת The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Micah 5:11

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Judgment of Israelgenerated

10“In that day,” declares the LORD, “I will remove your horses from among you and wreck your chariots.
11I will remove the cities of your land and tear down all your strongholds.
12I will cut the sorceries from your hand, and you will have no fortune-tellers.
13I will also cut off the carved images and sacred pillars from among you, so that you will no longer bow down to the work of your own hands.

Micah 5:11 is part of a prophecy where the LORD speaks of judgment against Israel. The surrounding verses describe a time when God will take away their means of defense and security. This reflects the broader theme of divine judgment found in the prophetic literature, where God addresses the unfaithfulness of His people and the consequences that follow.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Isaiah 2:12–17For the Day of the LORD of Hosts will come against all the proud and lofty, against all that is exalted— it will be humbled—
2Ezekiel 38:11You will say, ‘I will go up against a land of unwalled villages; I will come against a tranquil people who dwell securely, all of them living without walls or bars or gates—
3Zechariah 4:6So he said to me, “This is the word of the LORD to Zerubbabel: Not by might nor by power, but by My Spirit, says the LORD of Hosts.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word כָּרַת, ve.hikh.ra.Tigenerated

The verb כָּרַת (karath) means to cut off or destroy. It can also imply making a covenant, which traditionally involved cutting something to signify the seriousness of the agreement. In this context, it indicates a decisive action of removal, emphasizing the totality of the destruction.

The Hiphil form shows that the subject (God) is causing the action to happen. This construction emphasizes God's active role in the judgment, making it clear that the cities will not just fall by chance but will be deliberately cut off as part of His plan.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

Two finite verbs govern the verse: הִכְרַתִּי (I will cut off) and הָרַסְתִּי (I will tear down). Each verb has its own object, creating a parallel structure that emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's judgment.

The Hebrew word order places the verbs at the forefront, highlighting the actions God will take against the cities and strongholds, which are the objects of His judgment.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates כָּרַת as ἐχαρῶ (I will destroy), which reflects a narrowing of the original meaning to focus on destruction rather than the broader implications of cutting off or covenant-making.

This choice shows that the Greek translators understood the action as one of complete destruction, aligning with the theme of judgment present in the Hebrew text.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Micah 5:11 states that God will remove the cities of the land and tear down all strongholds. This reflects God's judgment against Israel for their unfaithfulness, emphasizing the loss of security and protection.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that God will remove the cities?

It signifies a complete judgment where God takes away the places of safety and security, reflecting His displeasure with the people's actions.

How does this verse relate to God's covenant with Israel?

The removal of cities and strongholds indicates a breaking of the protective covenant relationship due to Israel's unfaithfulness.

What are strongholds in this context?

Strongholds refer to fortified places that provide safety; their destruction symbolizes the loss of security and God’s judgment.

What other verses talk about God's judgment?

Similar themes can be found in Isaiah 2:12–17 and Ezekiel 38:11, where God addresses judgment against nations.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does the removal of cities and strongholds tell us about God's judgment today?
  2. How can we apply the lessons from this judgment to our own lives and communities?
  3. In what ways do we seek security that might be misplaced, similar to the strongholds mentioned here?
  4. How can we ensure we remain faithful to God to avoid such judgment?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Micah 5:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strong holds.

Read John Gill on Micah 5 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strong holds: And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strong holds - such as are fortified for war.

Read Robert Jamieson on Micah 5 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

And I, the Lord thy God, and thy Saviour, will cut off the cities; cut off the occasion of thy fortifying thy cities as heretofore thou hast done, thou shalt dwell in unwalled towns, and need no other defence than what I am to thee. And throw down all thy strong holds; demolish all thy forts, and watch-towers, and frontier guards. These here mentioned are means of defence against enemies’ assaults, in which Israel had too much trusted; the others before mentioned, , are offensive preparations for annoying the enemy; but in the day of that peace here spoken of, there should be no enemy should invade the people of God to put them on their defence; nor should they have any need to attempt upon…

Read Matthew Poole on Micah 5 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Micah 5:11 And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strong holds:Ver. 11. And I will cut off the cities of thy land] Thy fenced cities and places of strength, for like reason as before, that thou mayest look upon my name alone as a strong tower, and thereto run and be safe, Proverbs 18:10, that thou mayest hover and cover under my wings, Psalms 91:1-2, and there hold thee as secure as in a tower of brass or town of war. "Blessed be the Lord" (saith David, who could not be safe in Keilah, that had gates and bars), "for he hath showed me his marvellous lovingkindness as in a strong city," Psalms 31:21. The tower of Shechem saved not those that ran into it, Judges…

Read John Trapp on Micah 5 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(11) I will cut off the cities.—Fenced cities and the other paraphernalia of war will be unnecessary in the Messiah’s kingdom: “they shall not learn war any more” (Micah 4:3).

Read Charles John Ellicott on Micah 5 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 11. I will - throw down all thy strongholds] Thou shalt have no need of fortified cities; I will be thy defense.

Read AdamClarke on Micah 5 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

11. the cities of thy land] Large towns being centres of luxury and foreign fashions. The Book of Genesis traces the foundation of cities to the first murderer Cain, Genesis 4:17. all thy strong holds] Comp. Isaiah 2:15; Isaiah 30:25, Hosea 8:14.

Read Cambridge on Micah 5 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

I will cut off the cities of thy land - So God promised by Zechariah, “Jerusalem shall be inhabited as towns without walls; for I will be unto her a wall of fire round about” Zechariah 2:4-5.

Read Albert Barnes on Micah 5 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

I will remove the cities of your land and tear down all your strongholds.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

I will cut off the cities of your land and will tear down all your strongholds.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

I will remove the cities of your land and tear down all your strongholds.

NETBNew English Translation2006

I will destroy the cities of your land, and tear down all your fortresses.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strong holds:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

and I will cut off the cities of thy land, and will throw down all thy strongholds.

RVARevised Version, American1894

and I will cut off the cities of thy land, and will throw down all thy strong holds:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strong holds:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and ouerthrowe all thy strong holdes.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and overthrow all thy strongholds.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And I have cut off the cities of thy land, And I have thrown down all thy fortresses,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And I have cut off the cities of your land, || And I have thrown down all your fortresses,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(5:10) And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and I will throw down all thy strongholds;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

I will destroy the cities in your land and throw down all your strongholds.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And I will destroy the cities of thy land, and will throw down all thy strong holds, and I will take away sorceries out of thy hand, and there shall be no divinations in thee.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

I will tear down your city walls and demolish your fortresses.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

I will have the towns of your land cut off and all your strong places pulled down:

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseverbהִכְרַתִּ֖יI.will.cut.offnoun phrase · objectעָרֵ֣יthe.citiesnoun phraseאַרְצֶ֑your.landךָyourוְandclauseverbהָרַסְתִּ֖יI.will.tear.downnoun phrase · objectכָּלallnoun phraseמִבְצָרֶֽיfortressesךָyour

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads: וְהִכְרַתִּ֖י עָרֵ֣י אַרְצֶ֑ךָ וְהָרַסְתִּ֖י כָּל־ מִבְצָרֶֽיךָ׃. The Septuagint matches five of the six words, indicating a strong agreement on the core message, though the word order differs. The Dead Sea Scrolls show partial restoration, with some words supplied by an editor, indicating the text's preservation and transmission history.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְהִכְרַתִּ֖י עָרֵ֣י אַרְצֶ֑ךָ וְהָרַסְתִּ֖י כָּל־ מִבְצָרֶֽיךָ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְהִכְרַתִּ֖יἐχαρῶאַרְצֶ֑ךָξειρῶνוְהָרַסְתִּ֖יκαὶכָּל־ἀποφθεγγόμενοιמִבְצָרֶֽיךָ׃ἔσονται

5 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — Mur88a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

והכרתי כשפים מיד׳ך ומעוננים לא יהיו [ל׳ך]

2 words on the leather — 4 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Micah 5:11כָּרַתand I will and I will cut כָּרַתעִיר[the] citie[the] cities ofעִיראֶ֫רֶץland yourland yourאֶ֫רֶץהָרַסand I will and I will tearהָרַסכֹּלallallכֹּלמִבְצָרfortresses fortresses yourמִבְצָרעוּרto rouseto rouseעוּרכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלבָּצַרto gather/to gather/restrבָּצַרבְּרִיתcovenantcovenantבְּרִיתאֲשֵׁרָהAsherahAsherahאֲשֵׁרָהמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁלָכַדto captureto captureלָכַדכְּנַ֫עַןCanaanCanaanכְּנַ֫עַןמִצְרַ֫יִם(Sea of) E(Sea of) Egyptמִצְרַ֫יִםנָתַשׁto uprootto uprootנָתַשׁנָטַעto plantto plantנָטַעעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהשֹׁדviolenceviolenceשֹׁדתְּאֵנָהfigfigתְּאֵנָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Micah 5:11

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and I will cut off [the] cities of land your and I will tear down all fortresses your
וְהִכְרַתִּ֖יve.hikh.ra.Ti and I will cut off H3772 Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect first person common singular
288× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to cut or destroy something, but it also has a special meaning related to making a covenant or agreement. In Genesis 15:18, God makes a covenant with Abram, symbolized by cutting animals in half, showing the seriousness of the promise. This word is used to describe important agreements and alliances.
Amplified meaning
cut off, destroy
Tyndale gloss
to cut: cut
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כָּרַת (karath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cut off, cut down, or make a covenant. It encompasses a range of actions from physically cutting to forming alliances, often implying destruction or elimination. The verb appears in various forms, indicating different nuances such as being cut off or destroyed. Notably, it can also refer to the act of making a covenant, which traditionally involved cutting flesh.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כָּרַת 291 vb. cut off, cut down

Qal

cut off

cut down

hew, timber

cut, or make a covenant

Niph.

be cut off

be cut down

be chewed between the teeth

be cut off, in a more general sense fail

Pual

be cut off

be cut down

Hiph.

cut off, flattering lips

cut off, destroy the life of

cut down, destroy, cities

take away

permit to perish

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3772 כָּרַת cut off, cut down .. cut off

. cut down

. hew, timber

. cut, or make a covenant

. . be cut off

. be cut down

. be chewed between the teeth

. be cut off, in a more general sense fail

.. be cut off

. be cut down

. . cut off, flattering lips

. cut off, destroy the life of

. cut down, destroy, cities

. take away

. permit to perish

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3772 karath kaw-rath'

a primitive root; to cut (off, down or asunder); by

implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant

(i.e. make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh

and passing between the pieces):--be chewed, be

con-(feder-)ate, covenant, cut (down, off), destroy, fail,

feller, be freed, hew (down), make a league ((covenant)), X

lose, perish, X utterly, X want.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּרַת (ka.rat) — to cut: cut.

: cut/fell

1) to cut, cut off, cut down, cut off a body part, cut out, eliminate, kill, cut a covenant

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to cut off

1a1a) to cut off a body part, behead

1a2) to cut down

1a3) to hew

1a4) to cut or make a covenant

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be cut off

1b2) to be cut down

1b3) to be chewed

1b4) to be cut off, fail

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to be cut off

1c2) to be cut down

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cut off

1d2) to cut off, destroy

1d3) to cut down, destroy

1d4) to take away

1d5) to permit to perish

1e) (Hophal) cut off

כָּרַת (ka.rat) — to cut: make(covenant).

: make(covenant)

1) to cut, cut off, cut down, cut off a body part, cut out, eliminate, kill, cut a covenant

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to cut off

1a1a) to cut off a body part, behead

1a2) to cut down

1a3) to hew

1a4) to cut or make a covenant

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be cut off

1b2) to be cut down

1b3) to be chewed

1b4) to be cut off, fail

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-1cs — Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect first person common singular
Hc/Vhq1cs
and I will cut off [the] cities of land your and I will tear down all fortresses your
עָרֵ֣י'a.Rei [the] cities of H5892 Noun common · masculine plural construct
1,090× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to a city or town, often a place with a wall or a watchman. It is used to describe a settlement or encampment, like the city of Ai, which is mentioned in the book of Joshua. The word is used to identify specific locations in the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
excitement
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage

base

עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town

city, town, abode of men

of fortress in a city

appar. fortified place, of any size

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men

. of fortress in a city

. appar. fortified place, of any size

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5892 `iyr eer

or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)

{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a

watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or

post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.

see HEBREW for 05782

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עִיר (ir) — excitement.

1) excitement, anguish

1a) of terror

עִיר (ir) — city.

1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)

1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)

1a) city, town

עִיר (ir) — City (of On).

Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)

This name means city, town

Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)

עִיר (ir) — Ir-.

#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;

son of: Tehinnah (H8468)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpc — Noun common · masculine plural construct
HNcmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and I will cut off [the] cities of land your and I will tear down all fortresses your
אַרְצֶ֑ךָ'ar.Tze.kha land your H776 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
2,504× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The land or earth refers to the soil or ground, and can also mean a country, territory, or region. In the Bible, it is used to describe the earth and its inhabitants, and is often translated as 'land' or 'country'.
Tyndale gloss
land: soil
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land

earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)

earth, opp. to heaven, sky

earth = inhabitants of earth

land =

country, territory

district, region

trial territory

piece of ground

specif. land of Canaan, or Israel

= inhabitants of land

used even of Shᵉʼôl

ground, surface of ground

soil, as productive

אֶרֶץ in phrases

people of the land

in measurements of distance

the country of the plain, level or plain country

land of the living

end(s) of the earth

pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)

. earth, opp. to heaven, sky

. earth = inhabitants of earth

. land = . country, territory

. district, region

. trial territory

. piece of ground

. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel

. = inhabitants of land

. used even of Shᵉʼôl

. . ground, surface of ground

. soil, as productive

. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land

. in measurements of distance

. the country of the plain, level or plain country

. land of the living

. end(s) of the earth

. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

776 'erets eh'-rets

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth

(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,

field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.

: country/field

1) land, earth

1a) earth

1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)

1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)

1a3) earth (inhabitants)

1b) land

1b1) country, territory

1b2) district, region

1b3) tribal territory

1b4) piece of ground

1b5) land of Canaan, Israel

1b6) inhabitants of land

1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world

1b8) city (-state)

1c) ground, surface of the earth

1c1) ground

1c2) soil

1d) (in phrases)

1d1) people of the land

1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)

1d3) level or plain country

1d4) land of the living

1d5) end(s) of the earth

1e) (almost wholly late in usage)

1e1) lands, countries

1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan

אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.

: soil

1) land, earth

1a) earth

1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)

1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)

1a3) earth (inhabitants)

1b) land

1b1) country, territory

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsc/Sp2ms — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp2ms
and I will cut off [the] cities of land your and I will tear down all fortresses your
וְהָרַסְתִּ֖יve.ha.ras.Ti and I will tear down H2040 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect first person common singular
43× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to overthrow or destroy something, like breaking down a wall or throwing something to the ground. It is used to describe God's power and judgment.
Tyndale gloss
to overthrow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הָרַס (harac) is a Hebrew verb meaning to throw down, break, or tear down. It covers a range of actions including overthrowing, destroying, and breaking through. The entries indicate it can be used in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, and Piel, each reflecting different nuances of the action.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָרַס vb. throw down, break or tear down

Qal

throw down, tear down

break down, break away

break through

Niph. be thrown or torn down

Pi. overthrow, tear down

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2040 הָרַס throw down, break or tear down .. throw down, tear down

. break down, break away

. break through

. be thrown or torn down

. overthrow, tear down

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2040 harac haw-ras'

a primitive root; to pull down or in pieces, break,

&Š destroy:--beat down, break (down, through), destroy,

overthrow, pluck down, pull down, ruin, throw down, X utterly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָרַס (ha.ras) — to overthrow.

1) to tear down, break down, overthrow, beat down, break, break through, destroy, pluck down, pull down, throw down, ruined, destroyer, utterly

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to throw down, tear down

1a2) to break through

1a3) to break down, break away

1b) (Niphal) to be torn down, be thrown down

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to overthrow, tear down

1c2) destroyer (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Hc/Vqq1cs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect first person common singular
Hc/Vqq1cs
and I will cut off [the] cities of land your and I will tear down all fortresses your
כָּל־kol- all H3605 Noun common · masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I will cut off [the] cities of land your and I will tear down all fortresses your
מִבְצָרֶֽיךָ׃miv.tza.Rei.kha fortresses your H4013 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
37× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a strong, fortified place like a castle or a fenced city, providing protection and safety. It is used in the Bible to describe secure and defended locations.
Tyndale gloss
fortification
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מִבְצָר (mibtsar) means 'fortification' and can refer to a castle or fortified city. It is derived from a root meaning to 'fence' or 'fortify.' The entries indicate its use in contexts related to strongholds and defense, including a reference in Daniel 11:15.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִבְצָר n.m. fortification

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4013 מִבְצָר fortification

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4013 mibtsar mib-tsawr'

also (in plural) feminine (Dan. 11:l5) mibtsarah

{mib-tsaw-raw'}; from 1219; a fortification, castle, or

fortified city; figuratively, a defender:--(de-, most)

fenced, fortress, (most) strong (hold).

see HEBREW for 0l5

see HEBREW for 01219

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִבְצָר (miv.tsar) — fortification.

fortification, fortress, fortified city, stronghold

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpc/Sp2ms — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp2ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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