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Leviticus 16:31 — Word Study

Depth

WLCשַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הִיא֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־ נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֖ת עוֹלָֽם׃

BSAIthûwʼ is a Sabbathshabbâth [of solemn rest, a day of stillness] of complete restshabbâthôwn [and self-denial, a time to humble yourselves] that you may humbleʻânâh [afflict, deny] yourselvesnephesh it is a permanentʻôwlâm [everlasting, age-during] statutechuqqâh [ordinance, divine decree]

Word
Listen & take awayLeviticus 16
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 31 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (o.Lam) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Leviticus 16:31quick helps
In a sentenceThis verse establishes the Sabbath as a day of complete rest and self-humbling.
Who is speakingThe Lord, addressing the Israelites.
Where we areIn the context of the Day of Atonement and its observances.
The hard wordשַׁבַּ֨ת
Take awayThe Sabbath is a permanent ordinance for spiritual renewal.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectהִיא verbעָנָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Leviticus 16:31

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Day of Atonement Instructionsgenerated

30because on this day atonement will be made for you to cleanse you, and you will be clean from all your sins before the LORD.
31It is a Sabbath of complete rest for you, that you may humble yourselves; it is a permanent statute.
32The priest who is anointed and ordained to succeed his father as high priest shall make atonement. He will put on the sacred linen garments
33and make atonement for the Most Holy Place, the Tent of Meeting, and the altar, and for the priests and all the people of the assembly.

Leviticus 16:31 provides instructions for observing the Day of Atonement, emphasizing the significance of rest and humility. This day is a time for the Israelites to reflect on their sins and seek reconciliation with God. The Sabbath is a key aspect of this observance, underscoring the importance of spiritual renewal and dedication to God’s commandments.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Leviticus 23:32It will be a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you shall humble yourselves. From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to keep your Sabbath.”
2Leviticus 25:4But in the seventh year there shall be a Sabbath of complete rest for the land—a Sabbath to the LORD. You are not to sow your field or prune your vineyard.
3Exodus 31:15For six days work may be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, holy to the LORD. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day must surely be put to death.
4Exodus 35:2For six days work may be done, but the seventh day shall be your holy day, a Sabbath of complete rest to the LORD. Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

It shall be a sabbath of rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls, by a statute for ever.Leviticus 23:32 Leviticus 25:4 Exodus 31:15 Exodus 35:2

The Key Word שַׁבַּ֨ת, sha.Batgenerated

The word שַׁבָּת (shabbath) refers specifically to the Sabbath, a day set apart for rest and worship. It is derived from a root meaning 'intermission', highlighting its function as a pause from regular activities for spiritual reflection.

In this context, it signifies a complete cessation of work, emphasizing the need for the Israelites to engage in self-denial and humility before God. The Sabbath is not merely a day off; it is a divine appointment for spiritual renewal.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The verse is rendered consistently across translations, with all versions acknowledging the Sabbath as a day of complete rest.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם (and you will afflict) governs the main action of the verse, with the subject הִיא (it) preceding it. This structure emphasizes the importance of the action taken by the people in response to the Sabbath.

The sentence is constructed with a main clause followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the purpose of the Sabbath, which adds depth to the command by linking rest with humility.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates שַׁבַּ֨ת as σάββατα (sabbaton), maintaining the concept of a day of rest. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, preserving the significance of the Sabbath in the religious observance of the Israelites.

The term σαββάτων reflects the same emphasis on rest and observance, indicating continuity in understanding the Sabbath across Hebrew and Greek texts.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Leviticus 16:31 explains that the Sabbath is a day of complete rest for the Israelites, meant for them to humble themselves. This is a lasting rule that God established for His people, highlighting the importance of taking time to reflect and renew spiritually.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to humble yourselves on the Sabbath?

To humble yourselves means to recognize your dependence on God and to reflect on your actions and attitudes, setting aside time for spiritual growth.

Why is the Sabbath considered a permanent statute?

The Sabbath is a permanent statute because it is a divine command established by God for His people to observe regularly as part of their covenant relationship.

How do the observances of the Sabbath affect the community?

The observance of the Sabbath fosters a sense of community and shared faith, as individuals come together to worship and reflect on their relationship with God.

What are some ways to observe the Sabbath today?

Observing the Sabbath today can include attending worship services, spending time in prayer and reflection, and engaging in activities that promote spiritual growth and rest.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How can I incorporate rest and reflection into my weekly routine?
  2. What does humility before God look like in my life?
  3. In what ways can I encourage others to observe the Sabbath and its significance?
  4. How does understanding the Sabbath as a permanent statute shape my view of God's commandments?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Leviticus 16:31 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

It [shall be] a sabbath of rest unto you,.... From all servile work, as before observed; typical of a cessation from the performance of sinful works, at least from a sinful course of life, and from a

Read John Gill on Leviticus 16 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And this shall be a statute for ever unto you: that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, ye shall afflict your souls, and do no work at all, whether it be one of your own country, or

Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 16 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

A sabbath of rest; observed as a sabbath day by cessation from all worldly and servile works, and diligent attendance upon God’ s worship and service.

Read Matthew Poole on Leviticus 16 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Leviticus 16:31 It [shall be] a sabbath of rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls, by a statute for ever.Ver. 31. It shall be a Sabbath of rest.] An exact and careful rest, such as is described in Isaiah 58:13, which place of the prophet some understand of this day of atonement, and yearly fast, spoken of in the beginning of that chapter.

Read John Trapp on Leviticus 16 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(31) It shall be a Sabbath of rest unto you.—Literally, a resting day of solemn resting, a Sabbath of Sabbaths, i.e., a day of complete and perfect rest. This phrase, which occurs six times in the Bible, is only applied to weekly Sabbaths (Exodus 16:23; Exodus 31:15; Exodus 35:2; Leviticus 23:3), the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 23:32), and to the Sabbatical year, or the year of Jubilee (Leviticus 25:4), but not to the other festivals.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 16 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

31. a sabbath of solemn rest] Heb. shabbath shabbâthôn, here and Leviticus 23:32 of the Day of Atonement; Exodus 31:15; Exodus 35:2; Leviticus 23:3 of the sabbath; Leviticus 25:4 of the sabbatical year. Shabbâthôn is used of the first day of the seventh month, Leviticus 23:24, and of the first and eighth days of Tabernacles, Leviticus 23:39. In Exodus 16:23 the order of the two Heb. words is inverted, with ref. to an ordinary sabbath, ‘a solemn rest, a holy sabbath.’

Read Cambridge on Leviticus 16 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

31. A sabbath of rest — This sabbath (shabbathon) was a decalogue Sabbath only when the day of atonement fell on the seventh day of the week. See Leviticus 23:24, note, with concluding note (2) to the same.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Leviticus 16 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

It is a Sabbath of complete rest for you, that you may humble yourselves; it is a permanent statute.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

It is a Sabbath of solemn rest to you, and you shall afflict your souls. It is a statute forever.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

It is a Sabbath of complete rest for you, that you may humble yourselves; it is a permanent statute.

NETBNew English Translation2006

It is to be a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you must humble yourselves. It is a perpetual statute.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

It shall be a sabbath of rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls, by a statute for ever.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

It is a sabbath of solemn rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls; it is a statute for ever.

RVARevised Version, American1894

It is a sabbath of solemn rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls; it is a statute for ever.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

It shall be a sabbath of rest to you, and ye shall afflict your souls by a statute for ever.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

This shall be a Sabbath of rest vnto you, and ye shall humble your soules, by an ordinance for euer.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

A sabbath of rest shall it be unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls: [it is] an everlasting statute.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

it [is] to you a sabbath of rest, and ye have humbled yourselves — a statute age-during.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

it [is] a Sabbath of rest for you, and you have humbled yourselves—a continuous statute.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

It shall be a sabbath of rest unto you, and ye shall afflict yourselves [by fasting], as a statute for ever.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

It is a solemn Sabbath of rest for you, and you must humble yourselves and do no work. This will always be a statute among you.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

For it is a sabbath of rest, and you shall afflict your souls by a perpetual religion.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

It is a Sabbath of Sabbaths, a day of rest and self-denial. This regulation applies for all time.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

It is a special Sabbath for you, and you are to keep yourselves from pleasure; it is an order for ever.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausenoun phrase · predicateשַׁבַּ֨ת[is].a.sabbathשַׁבָּת֥וֹןof.sabbath.observancesubjectהִיא֙itprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָtoכֶ֔םyouוְandclauseverbעִנִּיתֶ֖םyou.will.afflictnoun phrase · objectאֶת(et)noun phraseנַפְשֹׁתֵיselvesכֶ֑םyourclausenoun phrase · predicateחֻקַּ֖תa.statuteעוֹלָֽםof.perpetuity

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, with 8 of the 9 words matched in translation. The Samaritan Pentateuch presents two variations: הוא (he) and חקות (regulation), differing from the Masoretic Text but still conveying the core message of the verse.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הִיא֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־ נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֖ת עוֹלָֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
שַׁבַּ֨תσάββαταשַׁבָּת֥וֹןσαββάτωνהִיא֙αὕτηלָכֶ֔םὑμῖνוְעִנִּיתֶ֖םταπεινώσετεנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑םὑμῶνחֻקַּ֖תνόμιμονעוֹלָֽם׃αἰώνιον

8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

שׁבת שׁבתון הוא לכם ועניתם את נפשׁתיכם חקות עולם

2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: הוא (he), חקות (regulation)

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Leviticus 16:31שַׁבָּת[is] a sabb[is] a sabbath שַׁבָּתשַׁבָּתוֹןsabbath obssabbath observaשַׁבָּתוֹןהוּאititהוּאכֶםto youto youכֶםעָנָהand you wiland you will afעָנָהאֵתthe object the object markאֵתנֶ֫פֶשׁselves yourselves yourנֶ֫פֶשׁחֻקָּהa statute oa statute ofחֻקָּהעוֹלָםperpetuityperpetuityעוֹלָםשַׁבָּתSabbathSabbathשַׁבָּתשָׁבַתto ceaseto ceaseשָׁבַתעוּןto dwellto dwellעוּןאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתנָפַשׁbe refreshbe refreshedנָפַשׁעָלַםto concealto concealעָלַםחֹקstatute: dstatute: decreeחֹקדּוֹרgenerationgenerationדּוֹרחָלַלto boreto boreחָלַלמִקְרָאassemblyassemblyמִקְרָאטָמֵאuncleanuncleanטָמֵאעֵתtimetimeעֵתצוֹםfastfastצוֹםמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁבָּקַשׁto seekto seekבָּקַשׁחַיalivealiveחַימִצְוָהcommandmencommandmentמִצְוָהעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 16:31

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

[is] a sabbath of sabbath observance it to you and you will afflict the object marker selves your a statute of perpetuity
שַׁבַּ֨תsha.Bat [is] a sabbath of H7676 Noun common · feminine singular construct
111× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for the Sabbath, a day of rest and worship, as commanded by God in Exodus 20:8-11 and observed by the Israelites. It is a special day set apart for spiritual renewal and reflection, as Jesus taught in Matthew 12:1-14.
Amplified meaning
of solemn rest, a day of stillness
Tyndale gloss
Sabbath
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁבָּת (shabbath) refers to the Sabbath, a day of rest observed weekly, as well as the Day of Atonement and the sabbath year. It may also denote a week or the produce that grows during the sabbath year. The word is derived from a root meaning 'intermission.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׁבָּת 111 n.f. and m. Sabbath

sabbath

day of atonement

sabbath year

= week (?)

= produce in sabbath year (growing of itself)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7676 שַׁבָּת Sabbath . sabbath

. day of atonement

. sabbath year

. = week (?)

. = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7676 shabbath shab-bawth'

intensive from 7673; intermission, i.e (specifically) the

Sabbath:--(+ every) sabbath.

see HEBREW for 07673

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁבָּת (shab.bat) — Sabbath.

Sabbath

1a) sabbath

1b) day of atonement

1c) sabbath year

1d) week

1e) produce (in sabbath year)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

[is] a sabbath of sabbath observance it to you and you will afflict the object marker selves your a statute of perpetuity
שַׁבָּת֥וֹןsha.ba.Ton sabbath observance H7677 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to the observance of the Sabbath or a special holiday, such as the Feast of Trumpets or the Day of Atonement, as described in Leviticus 23. It involves resting from work and focusing on spiritual activities, as practiced by the Israelites in the wilderness.
Amplified meaning
and self-denial, a time to humble yourselves
Tyndale gloss
sabbath observance
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁבָּתוֹן (shabbathown) refers to sabbath observance or sabbatism, derived from the root word for 'sabbath'. It encompasses various aspects of rest and special holidays, including the weekly sabbath, the Day of Atonement, the sabbatical year, and certain days of the Feast of Tabernacles. The entries consistently highlight its connection to religious observance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׁבָּתוֹן n.m. sabbath observance, sabbatism

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7677 שַׁבָּתוֹן sabbath observance, sabbatism

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7677 shabbathown shab-baw-thone'

from 7676; a sabbatism or special holiday:--rest, sabbath.

see HEBREW for 07676

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁבָּתוֹן (shab.ba.ton) — sabbath observance.

1) Sabbath observance, sabbatism

1a) of weekly sabbath

1b) day of atonement

1c) sabbatical year

1d) of Feast of Trumpets

1e) of the 1st and last days of the Feast of Tabernacles

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
[is] a sabbath of sabbath observance it to you and you will afflict the object marker selves your a statute of perpetuity
הִיא֙hi' it H1931 Pronoun
1,879× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Tyndale gloss
he/she/it
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it

an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

It resumes the subj. with emph.

Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

As an emph. predicate, of God

In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

. It resumes the subj. with emph.

. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

. As an emph. predicate, of God

. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1931 huw' hoo

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a

primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or

it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also

(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;

sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally

(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),

it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,

this, those, which (is), who.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.

pron 3p s

1) he, she, it

1a) himself (with emphasis)

1b) resuming subj with emphasis

1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)

1d) (anticipating subj)

1e) (emphasising predicate)

1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron

2) that (with article)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
[is] a sabbath of sabbath observance it to you and you will afflict the object marker selves your a statute of perpetuity
לָכֶ֔םla.Khem to you H9036 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֶם (khem) — you.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp2mp — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp2mp
[is] a sabbath of sabbath observance it to you and you will afflict the object marker selves your a statute of perpetuity
וְעִנִּיתֶ֖םve.'i.ni.Tem and you will afflict H6031 Verb · Piel · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
82× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To afflict or oppress someone, making them feel low or depressed. In the Bible, it can also mean to humble oneself, as seen in Psalm 35:13. It involves being put down or becoming weak.
Amplified meaning
afflict, deny
Tyndale gloss
be occupied
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָנָה (anah) is a Hebrew verb with a range of meanings related to affliction and humility. It can denote being occupied, as well as being bowed down, depressed, or afflicted. The word has various forms, including ways to humble oneself or to afflict others, and it appears in contexts of discipline and humility, particularly in relation to fasting.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[עָנָה] vb. be occupied, busied with

base

[עָנָה] vb. be bowed down, afflicted

Qal

be put down or become low, of song of triumph

be depressed, downcast

be afflicted

Niph.

humble oneself

be afflicted

Pi.

humble, mishandle, afflict

humble, a woman by cohabit.

afflict as a discipline

humble, weaken

Pu.

be afflicted, in discipline by God

be humbled by fasting

Hiph. afflict, in discipline

Hithp.

humble oneself

be afflicted

humble oneself in fasting

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6031a עָנָה be occupied, busied with H6031b עָנָה be bowed down, afflicted .. be put down or become low, of song of triumph

. be depressed, downcast

. be afflicted

. . humble oneself

. be afflicted

. . humble, mishandle, afflict

. humble, a woman by cohabit.

. afflict as a discipline

. humble, weaken

. . be afflicted, in discipline by God

. be humbled by fasting

. afflict, in discipline

. . humble oneself

. be afflicted

. humble oneself in fasting

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6031 `anah aw-naw'

a primitive root (possibly rather ident. with 6030 through

the idea of looking down or browbeating); to depress literally

or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various

applications, as follows):--abase self, afflict(-ion, self),

answer (by mistake for 6030), chasten self, deal hardly with,

defile, exercise, force, gentleness, humble (self), hurt,

ravish, sing (by mistake for 6030), speak (by mistake for

6030), submit self, weaken, X in any wise.

see HEBREW for 06030

see HEBREW for 06030

see HEBREW for 06030

see HEBREW for 06030

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָנָה (a.nah) — be occupied.

(Qal) to be occupied, be busied with

עָנָה (a.nah) — to afflict.

1) to afflict, oppress, humble, be afflicted, be bowed down

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be put down, become low

1a2) to be depressed, be downcast

1a3) to be afflicted

1a4) to stoop

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to humble oneself, bow down

1b2) to be afflicted, be humbled

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to humble, mishandle, afflict

1c2) to humble, be humiliated

1c3) to afflict

1d4) to humble, weaken oneself

1d) (Pual)

1d1) to be afflicted

1d2) to be humbled

1e) (Hiphil) to afflict

1f) (Hithpael)

1f1) to humble oneself

1f2) to be afflicted

Aramaic equivalent: a.nah (עֲנָי "to afflict" H6033)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Piel-2mp — Verb · Piel · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
Hc/Vpq2mp
[is] a sabbath of sabbath observance it to you and you will afflict the object marker selves your a statute of perpetuity
אֶת־'et- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
[is] a sabbath of sabbath observance it to you and you will afflict the object marker selves your a statute of perpetuity
נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑םnaf.sho.tei.Khem selves your H5315 Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
754× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for soul or living being, used in the Bible to describe the essence of a person or animal. It encompasses the ideas of life, breath, and vitality, and is translated as 'soul' or 'creature' in the KJV. This word is central to biblical concepts of humanity and existence.
Tyndale gloss
soul
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נֶ֫פֶשׁ (*nephesh*) broadly means 'soul' or 'living being,' encompassing concepts like life, self, person, desire, and emotion. It is derived from the root meaning 'to breathe' and signifies both physical and mental aspects of existence. The lexicons note its use in various contexts, including as the seat of appetites and emotions, though its application to will and character is uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶ֫פֶשׁ 756 n.f. soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion

= that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

The נפשׁ becomes a living being

The נפשׁ is specif.

The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

נ׳ in D

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5315 נֶ֫פֶשׁ soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion . = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

. The נפשׁ becomes a living being

. The נפשׁ is specif.

. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

. נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

. נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

. נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

. נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

. נ׳ in D

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5315 nephesh neh'-fesh

from 5314; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of

(abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal,

accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental):--any,

appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire,

X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y),

(hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me,

mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-,

thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they,

thing, (X she) will, X would have it.

see HEBREW for 05314

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

1g1) uncertain

1h) activity of the will

1h1) uncertain

1i) activity of the character

1i1) uncertain

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul: life.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HNcfpc/Sp2mp
[is] a sabbath of sabbath observance it to you and you will afflict the object marker selves your a statute of perpetuity
חֻקַּ֖תchu.Kat a statute of H2708 Noun common · feminine singular construct
104× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a statute or ordinance, often given by God to the Israelites. It appears in books like Leviticus and Numbers, outlining rules for sacrifices and festivals. These statutes helped the Israelites understand God's requirements.
Amplified meaning
ordinance, divine decree
Tyndale gloss
statute
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֻקָּה (chuqqah) refers to a statute or ordinance, indicating something that is prescribed or enacted. It is a feminine noun derived from a related word, חֹק (choq), and encompasses meanings such as custom and limit. The entries consistently highlight its legal and prescriptive nature.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֻקָּה 104 n.f. something prescribed, enactment, statute

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2708 חֻקָּה something prescribed, enactment, statute

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2708 chuqqah khook-kaw'

feminine of 2706, and meaning substantially the

same:--appointed, custom, manner, ordinance, site, statute.

see HEBREW for 02706

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֻקָּה (chuq.qah) — statute.

1) statute, ordinance, limit, enactment, something prescribed

1a) statute

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

[is] a sabbath of sabbath observance it to you and you will afflict the object marker selves your a statute of perpetuity
עוֹלָֽם׃o.Lam perpetuity H5769 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
438× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means forever or always, describing something that lasts an eternity. It is used in the Bible to describe God's eternal nature and his lasting promises.
Amplified meaning
everlasting, age-during
Tyndale gloss
forever: antiquity
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עוֹלָם (owlam) refers to concepts of long duration, antiquity, and futurity, encompassing meanings like eternity and perpetual existence. It is derived from a root meaning 'concealed' or 'the vanishing point.' The term is used to describe both ancient times and an indefinite future, indicating continuity and everlastingness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עוֹלָם 439 n.m. long duration, antiquity, futurity

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5769 עוֹלָם long duration, antiquity, futurity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5769 `owlam o-lawm'

or lolam {o-lawm'}; from 5956; properly, concealed, i.e. the

vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future),

i.e. (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial

(especially with prepositional prefix) always:--alway(-s),

ancient (time), any more, continuance, eternal, (for,

(n-))ever(-lasting, -more, of old), lasting, long (time), (of)

old (time), perpetual, at any time, (beginning of the) world

(+ without end). Compare 5331, 5703.

see HEBREW for 05956

see HEBREW for 05331

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: enduring.

: enduring/eternal

1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world

1a) ancient time, long time (of past)

1b) (of future)

1b1) for ever, always

1b2) continuous existence, perpetual

1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity

עוֹלָם (o.lam) — Everlasting.

This name means long duration, everlasting, perpetual

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: any time.

: any_time

1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world

1a) ancient time, long time (of past)

1b) (of future)

1b1) for ever, always

1b2) continuous existence, perpetual

1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity

עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: antiquity.

: old/ancient

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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