Job 15:8 — Word Study
WLCהַבְס֣וֹד אֱל֣וֹהַ תִּשְׁמָ֑ע וְתִגְרַ֖ע אֵלֶ֣יךָ חָכְמָֽה׃
BSADo you listen inshâmaʻ▸ [hear and obey, pay attention to] on the councilçôwd [secret meeting, intimate conversation] of Godʼĕlôwahh [Eloah, the one true God] or limitgâraʻ▸ [diminish, restrain] wisdomchokmâh [skill, prudence, or good judgment] to yourselfʼêl [toward yourself, in your own understanding]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| הַבְס֣וֹד | ¿ in [the] council of | Particle, preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| אֱל֣וֹהַ | God | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| תִּשְׁמָ֑ע | do you listen | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine singular |
| וְתִגְרַ֖ע | and you may restrain? | Conjunction, verb qal second person masculine singular |
| אֵלֶ֣יךָ | to yourself | Preposition, suffix |
| חָכְמָֽה׃ | wisdom | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Do you listen in on the council of God or limit wisdom to yourself? |
| KJV | Hast thou heard the secret of God? and dost thou restrain wisdom to thyself? |
| ASV | Hast thou heard the secret counsel of God? And dost thou limit wisdom to thyself? |
| YLT | Of the secret counsel of God dost thou hear? And withdrawest thou unto thee wisdom? |
| WEB | Have you heard the secret counsel of God? Do you limit wisdom to yourself? |
| BBE | Were you present at the secret meeting of God? and have you taken all wisdom for yourself? |
Where they part company is in the interpretation of חָכְמָֽה — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of two main clauses connected by 'or', highlighting the contrast between listening to God and limiting wisdom.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׁמַע
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 15:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Discourse on Wisdomgenerated
Job 15:8 presents a challenge to the listener about their understanding of divine wisdom and counsel. Job is emphasizing the importance of recognizing the vastness of God's wisdom and the futility of trying to confine it to one's own perspective. This verse is part of a larger dialogue where Job's friends are attempting to explain suffering and divine justice, and Job is countering their limited views.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 11:6 | and disclose to you the secrets of wisdom, for true wisdom has two sides. Know then that God exacts from you less than your iniquity deserves. |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 29:29 | The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but the things revealed belong to us and to our children forever, so that we may follow all the words of this law. |
| 3 | Psalm 25:14 | The LORD confides in those who fear Him, and reveals His covenant to them. |
| 4 | Proverbs 3:32 | for the LORD detests the perverse, but He is a friend to the upright. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 23:18 | But which of them has stood in the council of the LORD to see and hear His word? Who has given heed to His word and obeyed it? |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הַבְס֣וֹד, hav.Sodgenerated
The word סוֹד (sod) refers to a council or assembly, often implying intimacy and close deliberation among its members. It encompasses meanings such as secret counsel and familiar conversation, particularly in the context of discussions among friends or with God. This word is built from a root meaning 'to consult', highlighting the significance of shared deliberation.
In this verse, Job uses הַבְס֣וֹד to question whether the listener has access to or understands God's intimate counsel. It invites reflection on the nature of divine wisdom and the limitations of human understanding.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs תִּשְׁמָ֑ע (do you listen) and תִגְרַ֖ע (and you may restrain) govern the clauses, with a prepositional phrase and a noun phrase providing context. The structure emphasizes the questioning nature of Job's address.
The sentence is composed of two main clauses linked by a conjunction, creating a parallelism that underscores the challenge posed to the listener regarding their understanding of wisdom.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates הַבְס֣וֹד as ἦ, which implies a direct engagement with the concept of counsel. This choice reflects a narrowing of the term's meaning, focusing on the act of listening to divine counsel rather than the broader implications of intimate conversation.
The translation of אֱל֣וֹהַ as κυρίου emphasizes the authority and lordship of God, aligning with the Hebrew understanding of Eloah as the one true God.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 15:8 questions whether one can truly listen to God's counsel or if they limit wisdom to their own understanding. Job emphasizes the importance of recognizing the vastness of divine wisdom, which cannot be confined to human perspective.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job is referring to the intimate discussions or decisions made by God, emphasizing that they are beyond human comprehension.
Job challenges the listener's arrogance in thinking they can confine divine wisdom to their own understanding.
This verse highlights the tension between human understanding and divine wisdom, a central theme in the Book of Job.
Wisdom is portrayed as something that cannot be diminished or limited by human perspective, and it invites humility in seeking understanding.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I try to limit God's wisdom in my own understanding?
- How can I be more attentive to God's counsel in my life?
- What does it mean to truly listen to God's voice?
- How can I seek wisdom beyond my own perspective?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 15:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHast thou heard the secret of God?.... Or, "in the secret of God" (a), in his cabinet council, what was said and done there? hast thou stood in the council of God?
Read John Gill on Job 15 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHast thou heard the secret of God? and dost thou restrain wisdom to thyself?
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 15 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHath God acquainted thee with all his secret counsels, whereby he governs the world, that thou dost pass so bold a censure upon all his designs and actions? Art thou the only wise man in the world, and we and all others but fools?
Read Matthew Poole on Job 15 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 15:8 Hast thou heard the secret of God? and dost thou restrain wisdom to thyself?Ver. 8. Hast thou heard the secret of God?] Thus he goes on to jeer Job, and to accuse him of insolent arrogance, as if he had taken himself to be of God’ s cabinet council, and so to have known more of his mind than any other. Now this never came into Job’ s heart; but these hot spirited people, Biliosi et bellicosi, when their choler is once up, will not stick to say anything against another whom they desire to gall, and to make the worst of his words, when as themselves cannot take a reproof, though never so just. And dost thou restrain wisdom to thyself?] Hast thou engrossed all the wisdom in the world?…
Read John Trapp on Job 15 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. Hast thou heard the secret of God?] "Hast thou hearkened in God's council?" Wert thou one of the celestial cabinet, when God said, Let US make man in OUR image, and in OUR likeness? Dost thou restrain wisdom to thyself?] Dost thou wish us to understand that God's counsels were revealed to none but thyself? And dost thou desire that we should give implicit credence to whatsoever thou art pleased to speak? These are all strong sarcastic questions, and apparently uttered with great contempt.
Read AdamClarke on Job 15 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8. Hast thou heard the secret] Rather, didst thou listen in the council of God? Cf. Jeremiah 23:22, Psalms 89:7 (assembly = council). dost thou restrain the wisdom] Rather, didst thou draw wisdom to thyself? i. e. appropriate or absorb wisdom. The “wisdom” here is the highest, divine wisdom. The question put is, whether Job was a a member of the Divine council, so as to have full knowledge of the mysteries of God? The Mohammedan conception of evil spirits (satans) listening and overhearing the Divine secrets is quite different from the idea here. Such spirits have no access to heaven, and seek only to filch fragments of God’s counsels. The shooting stars are bolts which God hurls at these…
Read Cambridge on Job 15 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHast thou heard the secret of God? - literally, “in the secret of God hast thou heard” - הסוד hasôd.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 15 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible8. Hast thou heard — Literally, Hast thou heartened in the council of God.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 15 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Do you listen in on the council of God or limit wisdom to yourself?
Have you heard the secret counsel of God? Do you limit wisdom to yourself?
Do you listen in on the council of God or limit wisdom to yourself?
Do you listen in on God’s secret council? Do you limit wisdom to yourself?
Tyndale line
Hast thou heard the secret of God? and dost thou restrain wisdom to thyself?
Hast thou heard the secret counsel of God? And dost thou limit wisdom to thyself?
Hast thou heard the secret counsel of God? and dost thou restrain wisdom to thyself?
Hast thou heard the secret of God? and dost thou restrain wisdom to thyself?
Hast thou heard the secret counsell of God, and doest thou restraine wisedome to thee?
Strictly literal
Hast thou listened in the secret council of God? And hast thou absorbed wisdom for thyself?
Of the secret counsel of God dost thou hear? And withdrawest thou unto thee wisdom?
Do you hear of the secret counsel of God? And withdraw wisdom to you?
Hast thou listened to the secret counsel of God? and is wisdom therefore of little esteem with thee?
Have you heard the secret knowledge of God? Do you limit wisdom to yourself?
From the Latin
Hast thou heard God’s counsel, and shall his wisdom be inferior to thee?
Simplified
Were you there listening in God's council? Does wisdom only belong to you?
Were you present at the secret meeting of God? and have you taken all wisdom for yourself?
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads הַבְס֣וֹד אֱל֣וֹהַ תִּשְׁמָ֑ע וְתִגְרַ֖ע אֵלֶ֣יךָ חָכְמָֽה׃, while the Septuagint matches five of the six words but presents them in a different order. This indicates a strong agreement between the two texts, with minor variations in phrasing.
הַבְס֣וֹד אֱל֣וֹהַ תִּשְׁמָ֑ע וְתִגְרַ֖ע אֵלֶ֣יךָ חָכְמָֽה׃
5 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 15:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
סוֹד (sod) refers to a council or assembly, often implying intimacy and close deliberation among its members. It encompasses meanings such as secret counsel and familiar conversation, particularly in the context of discussions among friends or with God. The term is derived from a root meaning 'to consult' and highlights the importance of shared deliberation.
סוֹד n.[m.] council, counsel
base
H5475 סוֹד council, counsel
5475 cowd sode
from 3245; a session, i.e. company of persons (in close
deliberation); by implication, intimacy, consultation, a
secret:--assembly, consel, inward, secret (counsel).
see HEBREW for 03245
סוֹד (sod) — counsel.
1) council, counsel, assembly
1a) council (of familiar conversation)
1a1) divan, circle (of familiar friends)
1a2) assembly, company
1b) counsel
1b1) counsel (itself)
1b2) secret counsel
1b3) familiar converse, intimacy (with God)
Part | Prep | N-ms — Particle · preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHTi/R/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word אֱלֹהַּ (*'elowahh*) refers to a deity or the Deity, translating to 'God' or 'god.' It is derived from a root meaning 'to be strong' and can also denote a false god. The term appears in various contexts, including ancient poetry and references to heathen gods.
אֱלֹהַּ 67; elsewhere אֱלוֹהַּ n.m. god, God
a heathen god, late usage
God, used in ancient poems
base
H433 אֱלֹהַּ; elsewhere אֱלוֹהַּ god, God
433 'elowahh el-o'-ah; rarely (shortened) >eloahh {el-o'-ah
probably prolonged (emphat.) from 410; a deity or the
Deity:--God, god. See 430.
see HEBREW for 0410
see HEBREW for 0430
אֱלֹהַּ (e.lo.ah) — god.
1) God
2) false god
Aramaic equivalent: e.lah (אֱלָהּ "god" H0426)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
god ('Elohim, 'El, [`Elyon], Shadday, Yahweh; Theos):
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL IDEA
1. The Idea in Experience and in Thought
2. Definition of the Idea
3. The Knowledge of God
4. Ethnic Ideas of God
(1) Animism
(2) Fetishism
(3) Idolatry
(4) Polytheism
(5) Henotheism
(6) Pantheism
(7) Deism
(8) Semitic Monolatry
(9) Monotheism
II. THE IDEA OF GOD IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
1. The Course of Its Development
2. Forms of Its Manifestation
(1) The Face or Countenance of God
(2) The Voice and Word of God
(3) The Glory of God
(4) The Angel of God
(5) The Spirit of God
(6) The Name of God
(7) Occasional Forms
3. The Names of God
(1) Generic
(2) Attributive
(3) Yahweh
4. Pre-prophetic Conceptions of God
(1) Yahweh Alone Is the God of Israel
(a) His Early Worship
(b) Popular Religion
(c) Polytheistic Tendencies
(i) Coordination
(ii) Assimilation
(iii) Disintegration
(d) No Hebrew Goddesses
(e) Human Sacrifices
God
(A.S. and Dutch God; Dan. Gud; Ger. Gott), the name of the Divine Being. It is the rendering (1) of the Hebrew ’El, from a word meaning to be strong; (2) of ’Eloah_, plural _’Elohim. The singular form, Eloah, is used only in poetry. The plural form is more commonly used in all parts of the Bible, The Hebrew word Jehovah (q.v.), the only other word generally employed to denote the Supreme Being, is uniformly rendered in the Authorized Version by “LORD,” printed in small capitals. The existence of God is taken for granted in the Bible. There is nowhere any argument to prove it. He who disbelieves this truth is spoken of as one devoid of understanding (Ps. 14:1).
The arguments generally adduced by theologians in proof of the being of God are:
(1.) The a priori argument, which is the testimony afforded by reason.
(good). Throughout the Hebrew Scriptures two chief names are used for the one true divine Being--ELOHIM, commonly translated God in our version, and JEHOVAH, translated Lord . Elohim is the plural of Eloah (in Arabic Allah); it is often used in the short form EL (a word signifying strength , as in EL-SHADDAI, God Almighty, the name by which God was specially known to the patriarchs. (Genesis 17:1; 28:3; Exodus 6:3) The etymology is uncertain, but it is generally agreed that the primary idea is that of strength, power of effect , and that it properly describes God in that character in which he is exhibited to all men in his works, as the creator, sustainer and supreme governor of the world. The plural form of Elohim has given rise to much discussion. The fanciful idea that it…
This name, the derivation of which is uncertain, we give to that eternal, infinite, perfect, and incomprehensible Being, the Creator of all things, who preserves and governs all by his almighty power and wisdom, and is the only proper object of worship. The proper Hebrew name for God is JEHOVAH, which signifies He is. But the Jews, from a feeling of reverence, avoid pronouncing this name, substituting for it, wherever it occurs in the sacred test, the word ADONAI, Lord; except in the expression, ADONAI JEHOVAH, Lord Jehovah, for which they put, ADONAI ELOHIM, Lord God. This usage, which is not without an element of superstition, is very ancient, dating its origin some centuries before Christ; but there is no good ground for assuming its existence in the days of the inspired Old Testament writers. The proper word for God is ELOHIM, which is plural in its form, being thus used to signify…
The Hebrew word שָׁמַע (shama`) means 'to hear' and encompasses a range of meanings including listening, obeying, and proclaiming. It is built from a primitive root and can imply attention and understanding. The entries highlight various grammatical forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of hearing and obeying. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
שָׁמַע 1152 vb. hear
Qal 1052
subj. pers. hum.
י׳ (God) subj.
Niph. 42 be heard, of voice, sound
be heard of
be regarded, obeyed
= (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.
Pi. he caused the people to hear
Hiph. 63
of man
י׳ subj.
base
H8085 שָׁמַע hear
8085 shama` shaw-mah'
a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with
implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to
tell, etc.):--X attentively, call (gather) together, X
carefully, X certainly, consent, consider, be content,
declare, X diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make
to) hear(-ken, tell), X indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be)
obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish,
regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, X surely, tell,
understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: hear.
: hear
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
1a4) to hear with attention or interest, listen to
1a5) to understand (language)
1a6) to hear (of judicial cases)
1a7) to listen, give heed
1a7a) to consent, agree
1a7b) to grant request
1a8) to listen to, yield to
1a9) to obey, be obedient
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be heard (of voice or sound)
1b2) to be heard of
1b3) to be regarded, be obeyed
1c) (Piel) to cause to hear, call to hear, summon
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound
1d2) to sound aloud (musical term)
1d3) to make proclamation, summon
1d4) to cause to be heard
n m
2) sound
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: obey.
: obey
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singularHVqi2ms
גָּרַע (gara) is a primitive root meaning to diminish or withdraw. It covers a range of actions including to scrape off, restrain, and keep back. The verb appears in various forms, indicating different nuances such as being withdrawn or restrained. The entries consistently emphasize its implications of reduction or removal.
[גָּרַע] vb. diminish, restrain, withdraw
Qal
diminish
restrain
withdraw
Niph.
be withdrawn
be restrained
Pi. withdraw = draw up
base
H1639 גָּרַע diminish, restrain, withdraw
1639 gara` gaw-rah'
a primitive root; to scrape off; by implication, to shave,
remove, lessen, withhold:--abate, clip, (di-)minish, do (take)
away, keep back, restrain, make small, withdraw.
גָּרַע (ga.ra) — to dimish.
1) to diminish, restrain, withdraw, abate, keep back, do away, take from, clip
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to diminish
1a2) to restrain
1a3) to withdraw
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be withdrawn
1b2) to be restrained
1c) (Piel) to withdraw, draw up
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Conjunction · verb qal second person masculine singularHC/Vqu2ms
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp2ms
חָכְמָה (chokmah) means wisdom and encompasses various forms of skill, including in war and administration, as well as shrewdness and ethical prudence. It is built from the root word for wisdom, חָכַם (chakam). The term appears in contexts related to both practical and religious matters.
חָכְמָה n.f. wisdom
skill in war
wisdom, in administration
shrewdness, wisdom
wisdom, prudence in religious affairs
wisdom, ethical and religious
base
H2451 חָכְמָה wisdom . skill in war
. wisdom, in administration
. shrewdness, wisdom
. wisdom, prudence in religious affairs
. wisdom, ethical and religious
2451 chokmah khok-maw'
from 2449; wisdom (in a good sense):--skilful, wisdom,
wisely, wit.
see HEBREW for 02449
חׇכְמָה (chokh.mah) — wisdom.
1) wisdom
1a) skill (in war)
1b) wisdom (in administration)
1c) shrewdness, wisdom
1d) wisdom, prudence (in religious affairs)
1e) wisdom (ethical and religious)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
wiz'-dum:
1. Linguistic
2. History
3. Religious Basis
4. Ideals
5. Teaching of Christ
6. Remainder of the New Testament
(1) James
(2) Paul
7. Hypostasis
LITERATURE
1. Linguistic:
In the Revised Version (British and American) the noun "wisdom" and its corresponding adjective and verb ("be wise," "act wisely," etc.) represent a variety of Hebrew words: bin (binah, and in the English Revised Version tebunah), sakhal (sekhel, sekhel), lebh (and in the English Revised Version labhabh), tushiyah (and in the English Revised Version Te`em, `ormah, piqqach. None of these, however, is of very frequent occurrence and by far the most common group is the verb chakham, with the adjective chakham, and the nouns chokhmah, chokhmoth, with something over 300 occurrences in the Old Testament (of which rather more than half are in Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes). Cokhmah, accordingly, may be treated as the Hebrew…
