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Job 15:26 — Word Study

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WLCיָר֣וּץ אֵלָ֣יו בְּצַוָּ֑אר בַּ֝עֲבִ֗י גַּבֵּ֥י מָֽגִנָּֽיו׃

BSArushingrûwts [with reckless abandon] headlongtsavvâʼr at Himʼêl [toward His presence] with a thickʻăbîy [dense, heavily fortified] studdedgab [bossed, reinforced] shieldmâgên [buckler, protective barrier]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 15
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 26 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Ma.gi.Nav) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 15:26quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse describes a reckless and aggressive approach toward God, armed with a thick shield.
Who is speakingJob, expressing his thoughts on the arrogance of the wicked.
Where we areJob's discourse on the fate of the wicked, emphasizing their boldness.
The hard wordיָר֣וּץ
Take awayThe imagery suggests an unrestrained attack, highlighting the audacity of the wicked.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbרוּץ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 15:26

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Reflection on the Wickedgenerated

25For he has stretched out his hand against God and has vaunted himself against the Almighty,
26rushing headlong at Him with a thick, studded shield.
27Though his face is covered with fat and his waistline bulges with flesh,
28he will dwell in ruined cities, in abandoned houses destined to become rubble.

Job 15:26 illustrates the boldness of the wicked as they confront God with a sense of invincibility. Job is reflecting on their arrogance, suggesting that they charge at God as if they are unassailable, armed with a thick shield. This verse is part of a larger discourse where Job critiques the presumptuousness of those who oppose divine authority, as seen in the surrounding verses that discuss their fate and behavior.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
12 Chronicles 28:22In the time of his distress, King Ahaz became even more unfaithful to the LORD.
22 Chronicles 32:13–17Do you not know what I and my fathers have done to all the peoples of the lands? Have the gods of these nations ever been able to deliver their land from my hand?
3Job 16:12I was at ease, but He shattered me; He seized me by the neck and crushed me. He has set me up as His target;
4Genesis 49:8Judah, your brothers shall praise you. Your hand shall be on the necks of your enemies; your father’s sons shall bow down to you.
5Psalm 18:40You have made my enemies retreat before me; I put an end to those who hated me.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יָר֣וּץ, ya.Rutzgenerated

The verb רוּץ (rutz) means 'to run' and conveys a sense of urgency or haste. It is used here in the imperfect tense, indicating ongoing action, which emphasizes the reckless nature of their approach. This word appears frequently in the Hebrew Bible, often depicting swift movement, such as in Jeremiah 51:31.

The choice of this verb underscores the aggressive and unrestrained manner in which the wicked approach God, suggesting a lack of reverence or fear. The imagery of rushing headlong indicates a direct confrontation, further illustrating their boldness.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations generally agree on the depiction of rushing at God with a shield, reflecting the same imagery.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb יָר֣וּץ governs the entire verse, with several phrases elaborating on the action. The structure emphasizes the main action of rushing, with prepositional phrases detailing the direction and means of the approach.

The syntax highlights the boldness of the action, placing the verb at the forefront, which draws attention to the recklessness of the wicked as they charge at God.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יָר֣וּץ as ἔδραμεν (edramen), which means 'he ran.' This choice retains the sense of urgency and aggression found in the Hebrew, suggesting a direct and forceful approach.

The use of this Greek term indicates a similar understanding of the wicked's boldness in their confrontation with God, aligning closely with the original Hebrew meaning.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 15:26 describes how the wicked rush at God with a thick shield, showing their arrogance and lack of fear. This verse emphasizes their boldness in confronting divine authority, suggesting that they believe they can challenge God without consequence.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to rush at God with a shield?

It symbolizes the audacity and arrogance of the wicked, suggesting they believe they can confront God without fear of retribution.

How does this verse reflect on the character of the wicked?

It portrays them as bold and reckless, showing a lack of reverence for God and His authority.

What is the significance of the shield in this context?

The shield represents their false sense of security and protection as they confront God, highlighting their misguided confidence.

How does Job's view of the wicked compare to other biblical texts?

Job's perspective aligns with other scriptures that depict the arrogance of the wicked and their eventual downfall, as seen in passages like Psalm 37:1.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see arrogance manifest in my own life or in those around me?
  2. How can I cultivate a sense of reverence for God that contrasts with the boldness of the wicked?
  3. What protective barriers do I rely on in my life, and how do they compare to God's protection?
  4. How can I respond to the challenges I face with humility rather than arrogance?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 15:26 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

He runneth upon him, [even] on [his] neck,.... As a fierce and furious enemy runs upon another with great wrath and fury; as the he goat in Daniel's vision ran upon the ram, in the fury of his power,

Read John Gill on Job 15 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

He runneth upon him, even on his neck, upon the thick bosses of his bucklers: On his neck - rather, 'with outstretched neck'-namely, that of the rebel uplifted hanghtily (Umbreit).

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 15 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Runneth upon him, i.e. assaults him, or rusheth upon him with great swiftness and fury, as this phrase signifies, . This he is either, 1. God, who was expressed twice in the last verse, and who is here produced as entering the lists and fighting with his daring adversary. Or rather, 2. The wicked man, of whom and whose sin and misery he speaks in the whole context, both before and after this; who in the last verse was introduced as preparing for the battle, and here as actually and impudently fighting with him. Even on his neck; as a stout warrior, who cometh close to his adversary and grapples with him, and taketh him by the neck to throw him down. Compare . Or, with his neck. So it is a…

Read Matthew Poole on Job 15 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 15:26 He runneth upon him, [even] on [his] neck, upon the thick bosses of his bucklers:Ver. 26. He runneth upon him, even on his neck] Vulgate, He runneth upon him (God) with an erected neck; such is his audaciousness and impudence, daring to do any heinous wickedness, and not fearing to run against the strongest part of God’ s armour, though able to grind him to powder. Sin hath etched such an impudency in his face, that he dare with a full forehead encounter God, even upon the points of his justice and righteous judgments, wherein he is the ablest to give us the shock, &c. Thus some sense the text. Others (of good note also) refer the word runneth to God, and render it thus, God…

Read John Trapp on Job 15 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 26. He runneth upon him.] Calmet has properly observed that this refers to GOD, who, like a mighty conquering hero, marches against the ungodly, rushes upon him, seizes him by the throat, which the mail by which it is encompassed cannot protect; neither his shield nor spear can save him when the Lord of hosts comes against him.

Read AdamClarke on Job 15 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

26. The whole verse means, He ran upon him with stiff neck, With the thick bosses of his bucklers. The words describe the wicked man’s demeanour towards God. The figure is that of a warrior making an assault. The Heb. is “he ran upon him with neck,” Vulg., erecto collo, cf. Psalms 75:5. The “bosses” are the convex sides of the bucklers, the sides turned to the foe, who here is God.

Read Cambridge on Job 15 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

He runneth upon him - That is, upon God. The image here is taken from the mode in which people rushed into battle.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 15 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

26. On his neck — With his neck, (with neck erect — Vulgate, Furst,) as a combatant rushes upon his adversary. Upon the thick bosses, etc. — The central and projecting part of the shield, which was made thick and strong.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 15 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

rushing headlong at Him with a thick, studded shield.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

he runs at him with a stiff neck, with the thick shields of his bucklers,

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

rushing headlong at Him with a thick, studded shield.

NETBNew English Translation2006

defiantly charging against him with a thick, strong shield!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

He runneth upon him, even on his neck, upon the thick bosses of his bucklers:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

He runneth upon him with a stiff neck, With the thick bosses of his bucklers;

RVARevised Version, American1894

He runneth upon him with a stiff neck, with the thick bosses of his bucklers:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

He runneth upon him, even on his neck, upon the thick bosses of his bucklers:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Therefore God shall runne vpon him, euen vpon his necke, and against the most thicke part of his shielde.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

He runneth against him, with [outstretched] neck, with the thick bosses of his bucklers;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

He runneth unto Him with a neck, With thick bosses of his shields.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

He runs to Him with a neck, || With thick bosses of his shields.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

[And] he had run against him, with an [extended] neck, with the thick roundings of his bucklers;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

this wicked man runs at God with a stiff neck, with a thick shield.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

He hath run against him with his neck raised up, and is armed with a fat neck.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

insolently attacking him with their shields.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Running against him like a man of war, covered by his thick breastplate; even like a king ready for the fight,

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbיָר֣וּץhe.runsprepositional phrase · prepositionalאֵלָ֣יagainstוhimprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּwithצַוָּ֑ארa.neckprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּ֝withnoun phraseעֲבִ֗יthe.thicknessnoun phraseגַּבֵּ֥יof.the.bossesnoun phraseמָֽגִנָּֽיhis.shieldsוhis

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads יָר֣וּץ אֵלָ֣יו בְּצַוָּ֑אר בַּ֝עֲבִ֗י גַּבֵּ֥י מָֽגִנָּֽיו׃, and the Septuagint matches all six words with its own phrasing. This agreement shows consistency in the depiction of the wicked's audacity in both texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

יָר֣וּץ אֵלָ֣יו בְּצַוָּ֑אר בַּ֝עֲבִ֗י גַּבֵּ֥י מָֽגִנָּֽיו׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יָר֣וּץἔδραμενאֵלָ֣יוαὐτοῦבְּצַוָּ֑ארὕβρειבַּ֝עֲבִ֗יπάξειגַּבֵּ֥יνώτουמָֽגִנָּֽיו׃αὐτοῦ

6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 15:26רוּץhe runshe runsרוּץאֶלagainst himagainst himאֶלצַוָּארwith a neckwith a neckצַוָּארעֲבִיwith [the] with [the] thicעֲבִיגַּב[the] bosse[the] bosses ofגַּבמָגֵןshields hisshields hisמָגֵןצוּרto confineto confineצוּרעָבָהto thickento thickenעָבָהגָּנַןto defendto defendגָּנַןגֵּוbackbackגֵּוגּוּףto shutto shutגּוּףקָרָאto encountto encounter: mקָרָאפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַליִרְמְיָ֫הJeremiahJeremiahיִרְמְיָ֫המוֹטָהyokeyokeמוֹטָהעֹלyokeyokeעֹלטֶ֫פַחhandbreadthandbreadthטֶ֫פַחשָׂפָהlipslipsשָׂפָהרָמָהhigh placehigh placeרָמָהעֵ֫זֶרhelperhelperעֵ֫זֶרצִנָּהhookhookצִנָּה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 15:26

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

he runs against him with a neck with [the] thickness of [the] bosses of shields his
יָר֣וּץya.Rutz he runs H7323 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
103× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To run or rush, often used to describe someone moving quickly, as seen in the story of the runners in Jeremiah 51:31. This verb appears in various forms, including running swiftly or darting. It is used to convey a sense of urgency or haste.
Amplified meaning
with reckless abandon
Tyndale gloss
to run: run
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רוּץ (ruts) means to run, encompassing various nuances such as running swiftly or causing someone to run away. It is a primitive root that can imply actions like breaking down or dividing quickly. The word appears in different forms, including participles for runners or messengers. There is some overlap in definitions across lexicons, but they consistently focus on the core idea of running.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רוּץ vb. run

Qal

run

pl. the runners (prop. out-runners)

runner = (royal messenger, post, late)

Pō‛lēl they run swiftly, dart

Hiph. cause to run

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7323 רוּץ run

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7323 ruwts roots

a primitive root; to run (for whatever reason, especially to

rush):--break down, divide speedily, footman, guard, bring

hastily, (make) run (away, through), post.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רוּץ (ruts) — to run: run.

: run/runner/messenger

1) to run

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to run

1a2) runners (participle as subst)

1b) (Polel) to run swiftly, dart

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to bring or move quickly, hurry

1c2) to drive away from, cause to run away

רוּץ (ruts) — to run: guard.

: guard

1) to run

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to run

1a2) runners (participle as subst)

1b) (Polel) to run swiftly, dart

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to bring or move quickly, hurry

1c2) to drive away from, cause to run away

רוּץ (ruts) — to run: pieces.

: pieces

1) to run

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to run

1a2) runners (participle as subst)

1b) (Polel) to run swiftly, dart

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to bring or move quickly, hurry

1c2) to drive away from, cause to run away

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
he runs against him with a neck with [the] thickness of [the] bosses of shields his
אֵלָ֣יו'e.Lav against him H413 Preposition · suffix
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Amplified meaning
toward His presence
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3ms
he runs against him with a neck with [the] thickness of [the] bosses of shields his
בְּצַוָּ֑ארbe.tza.Var with a neck H6677 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
42× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This term describes a necklace or ornament worn around the neck, signifying beauty and status, as in Ezekiel 23:25. It represents the adornment of God's people.
Tyndale gloss
neck
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word צַוָּאר (*tsavvar*) primarily means 'neck' or 'back of the neck,' and can refer to both humans and animals. It is related to the word צַוָּרוֹן (*tsavvaron*), which means 'necklace,' as noted in Song of Solomon 4:9. The term is derived from a root meaning 'binding,' suggesting a connection to burdens carried on the neck.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צַוָּאר n.m. neck, back of neck

base

[צַוָּרוֹן] n.[m.]pl. necklace;—sf. Ct 4:9.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6677a צַוָּאר neck, back of neck H6677b צַוָּרוֹן n. [m.] pl. necklace

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6677 tsavva'r tsav-vawr'

or tsavvar (Nehemiah 3:5) {tsav-vawr'}; or tsavvaron (Song of

Solomon 4:9) {tsav-vaw-rone'}; or (feminine) tsavva.rah (Micah

2:3) {tsav-vaw-raw'}; intensively from 6696 in the sense of

binding; the back of the neck (as that on which burdens are

bound):--neck.

see HEBREW for 06696

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צַוָּאר (tsav.var) — neck.

1) neck, back of neck

1a) neck, back of neck (of man)

1b) neck (of animals)

Aramaic equivalent: tsav.var (צַוַּאר "neck" H6676)

צַוָּרוֹן (tsav.va.ron) — necklace.

necklace

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

nek (tsawwar, tsawwa'r, tsawwaron, tsawwa'rah, Aramaic tsawwar (Da 5:7,16,29), `oreph, miphreqeth (1Sa 4:18); nostos, "back" (Baruch 2:33); occasionally the words garon (Isa 3:16; Eze 16:11), and gargeroth, plural of gargarah, literally, "throat" (Pr 1:9; 3:3,12; 6:21), are translated "neck"): The neck is compared with a tower for beauty (So 4:4; 7:4) and is decorated with necklaces and chains (Pr 1:9; 3:3,12; 6:21, Hebrew gargeroth; Eze 16:11, Hebrew garon…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Neck

Used sometimes figuratively. To “lay down the neck” (Rom. 16:4) is to hazard one’s life. Threatenings of coming judgments are represented by the prophets by their laying bands upon the people’s necks (Deut. 28:48; Isa. 10:27; Jer. 27:2). Conquerors put their feet on the necks of their enemies as a sign of their subjection (Josh. 10:24; 2 Sam. 22:41).

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The phrases to "harden the neck," Pr 29:1, and to be "stiff- necked," like a headstrong brute, illustrate the willful obstinacy of sinners against the instructions and commands of God. The tyrants of ancient days sometimes put their feet on the prostrate necks of princes, in token of their subjugation, trampling them in the dust. Their mischief sometimes returned upon their own heads, Jos 10:24; Ps 18:40.

he runs against him with a neck with [the] thickness of [the] bosses of shields his
בַּ֝עֲבִ֗יba.'a.Vi with [the] thickness of H5672 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means thickness or density, like the thickness of a wall or the depth of a body of water, and is used to describe something that is heavy or substantial.
Amplified meaning
dense, heavily fortified
Tyndale gloss
thickness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֲבִי (abiy) means 'thickness' and is derived from the root word for density, indicating depth or width. The term is used in contexts that require a description of physical dimensions, particularly in relation to thickness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֲבִי n.[m.] thickness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5672 עֲבִי thickness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5672 `abiy ab-ee'

or mobiy {ob-ee'}; from 5666; density, i.e. depth or

width:--thick(-ness). Compare 5645.

see HEBREW for 05666

see HEBREW for 05645

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֲבִי (a.vi) — thickness.

thickness

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
he runs against him with a neck with [the] thickness of [the] bosses of shields his
גַּבֵּ֥יga.Bei [the] bosses of H1354 Noun common · masculine plural construct
13× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word describes the back or rounded part of something, like the back of a person or an object, as seen in Exodus 28:12 where it talks about the back of the ephod. It can also refer to the rim or top of something.
Amplified meaning
bossed, reinforced
Tyndale gloss
back/rim/brow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גַּב (gav) refers to anything convex or curved, primarily denoting the back of a person. It can also mean a mound, a boss on a shield, bulwarks, or the rim of a wheel. The word encompasses various meanings related to rounded surfaces and projections, and has an Aramaic equivalent, גַּב (H1355).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גַּב n.m. anything convex, curved, gibbous, e,g, back, chiefly late

back

mound

boss, or convex projection, of shield

bulwarks, breastworks

brow

rim of wheel

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1354 גַּב

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1354 gab gab

from an unused root meaning to hollow or curve; the back (as

rounded (compare 1460 and 1479); by analogy, the top or rim, a

boss, a vault, arch of eye, bulwarks, etc.:--back, body, boss,

eminent (higher) place, (eye)brows, nave, ring.

see HEBREW for 01460

see HEBREW for 01479

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גַּב (gav) — back/rim/brow.

1) convex surface, back

1a) back (of man)

1b) mound (for illicit worship)

1c) boss (convex projection of shield)

1d) bulwarks, breastworks (of arguments-fig.)

1e) brow, eyebrow

1f) rim (of wheel)

Aramaic equivalent: gav (גַּב "back" H1355)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cp — Noun common · masculine plural construct
HNcmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

he runs against him with a neck with [the] thickness of [the] bosses of shields his
מָֽגִנָּֽיו׃Ma.gi.Nav shields his H4043 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
63× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A shield in biblical times, this word also symbolizes protection, like God being a shield to those who trust in Him, as seen in Psalm 3:3. It can also refer to a ruler or leader who defends their people.
Amplified meaning
buckler, protective barrier
Tyndale gloss
shield
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָגֵן (magen) means 'shield' and can refer to both a small shield or buckler and a figurative protector. It can also denote the scaly hide of a crocodile. The word is feminine in plural form, מִגִּנָּה (mginnah), and is derived from a root meaning to cover or protect.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מָגֵן n.m. & f. shield

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4043 מָגֵן shield

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4043 magen maw-gane'

also (in plural) feminine mginnah {meg-in-naw'}; from 1598; a

shield (i.e. the small one or buckler); figuratively, a

protector; also the scaly hide of the crocodile:--X armed,

buckler, defence, ruler, + scale, shield.

see HEBREW for 01598

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָגֵן (ma.gen) — shield.

shield, buckler

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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