Jeremiah 10:15 — Word Study
WLCהֶ֣בֶל הֵ֔מָּה מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה תַּעְתֻּעִ֑ים בְּעֵ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃
BSATheyhêm [are vanity, worthless, a work of errors] are worthlesshebel [vain, empty, devoid of true value] a workmaʻăseh [deed, action, product] to be mockedtaʻtuaʻ [ridiculed, laughed at, a delusion] In the timeʻêth [occasion, event, period] of their punishmentpᵉquddâh [visitation, inspection, reckoning] they will perishʼâbad▸ [be destroyed, lost, come to an end]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| הֶ֣בֶל | [are] futility | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| הֵ֔מָּה | they | Pronoun |
| מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה | a work of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| תַּעְתֻּעִ֑ים | mockery | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| בְּעֵ֥ת | at [the] time of | Preposition, noun common both singular construct |
| פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם | punishment their | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃ | they will perish | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | They are worthless, a work to be mocked. In the time of their punishment they will perish. |
| KJV | They are vanity, and the work of errors: in the time of their visitation they shall perish. |
| ASV | They are vanity, a work of delusion: in the time of their visitation they shall perish. |
| YLT | Vanity [are] they, work of erring ones, In the time of their inspection they perish. |
| WEB | They are vanity, a work of delusion. In the time of their visitation they will perish. |
| BBE | They are nothing, a work of error: in the time of their punishment, destruction will overtake them. |
Where they part company is over the phrase מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה תַּעְתֻּעִ֑ים — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause presents the subject's worthlessness, with additional phrases providing context about their fate.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectהֶבֶל
verbאָבַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Jeremiah 10:15
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Worthlessness of Idolsgenerated
Jeremiah 10:15 addresses the futility of idols, emphasizing that they are not only worthless but also subject to judgment. This section of Jeremiah critiques the practices of idol worship, contrasting the lifeless images with the living God who created all things, as noted in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jeremiah 10:8 | But they are altogether senseless and foolish, instructed by worthless idols made of wood! |
| 2 | Jeremiah 8:19 | Listen to the cry of the daughter of my people from a land far away: “Is the LORD no longer in Zion? Is her King no longer there?” “Why have they provoked Me to anger with their carved images, with their worthless foreign idols?” |
| 3 | Jeremiah 14:22 | Can the worthless idols of the nations bring rain? Do the skies alone send showers? Is this not by You, O LORD our God? So we put our hope in You, for You have done all these things. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 51:18 | They are worthless, a work to be mocked. In the time of their punishment they will perish. |
| 5 | Deuteronomy 32:21 | They have provoked My jealousy by that which is not God; they have enraged Me with their worthless idols. So I will make them jealous by those who are not a people; I will make them angry by a nation without understanding. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הֶ֣בֶל, He.velgenerated
The word הֶ֫בֶל (hevel) refers to emptiness or vanity, describing something transitory and unsatisfactory, like a breath of air. Its usage in Ecclesiastes highlights the fleeting nature of life.
In this verse, it emphasizes the worthlessness of idols, indicating that they lack true value and are ultimately a deception. The parsing as a masculine singular noun suggests it is a concept rather than a physical object.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses worthless to translate הֶ֫בֶל.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יֹאבֵֽדוּ, they will perish, governs the main clause, which describes the subject הֵ֔מָּה, they, as worthless. The structure emphasizes the fate of the idols in relation to their inherent worthlessness.
The sentence contains a noun phrase describing the subject and a prepositional phrase detailing the timing of their punishment, which adds clarity to the consequences of idol worship.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates הֶ֫בֶל as ἐστιν (estín), meaning 'is.' This choice reflects a direct assertion of the idols' nature as worthless.
The Greek word ἐμπεπαιγμένα is used for תַּעְתֻּעִ֑ים, indicating mockery and deception, which aligns with the Hebrew's emphasis on the futility of idols.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Jeremiah 10:15 tells us that idols are worthless and will not endure. They are described as a work of mockery, emphasizing their emptiness and the judgment they will face when the time comes.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that idols lack true value and significance; they are not real and cannot provide what they promise.
The verse indicates that there will be a time of reckoning for idols, highlighting that they will ultimately perish.
Mockery emphasizes the absurdity of worshipping something that is lifeless and without power.
Similar themes of futility and judgment are found in other passages, such as Jeremiah 10:8 and Jeremiah 51:18.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see the futility of things I may value in my life?
- How can I ensure that my worship is directed to the true God and not to 'idols' of my own making?
- What does it mean for me to recognize the worthlessness of false values in my life?
- How can I share the message of this verse with others who may be caught in idol worship?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 10:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThey are vanity,.... They are the fruit of the vain imagination of men; to worship them shows the vanity of the human mind; and they are vain things to trust to: and the work of errors; of erroneous
Read John Gill on Jeremiah 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThey are vanity, and the work of errors: in the time of their visitation they shall perish. The work of errors - deceptions; from a Hebrew root, to stutter; then meaning to mock.
Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey are vanity, and the work of errors; either in their rise, as springing from men of corrupt minds, or the foundation of them; a metonymy of the effect; teachers and encouragers of lies, ; things rather to be scoffed at and derided, than adored and worshipped; and it is expressed in the plural number, to note the multiplicity of them. In the time of their visitation they shall perish; when God shall have a controversy with them, shall come to reckon with Babylon and her idols, they and their worshippers shall be destroyed, alluding possibly to the manner of the pagan conquests, who were wont to carry away both persons and the idols of the country, and either break them to pieces, or burn…
Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJeremiah 10:15 They [are] vanity, [and] the work of errors: in the time of their visitation they shall perish.Ver. 15. They are vanity.] Vanity, in its largest extent, is properly predicated of them. And the work of errors.] Mere mockeries, making men to embrace vanity for verity. In the time of their visitation.] See on Isaiah 46:1.
Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 10 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(15) The work of errors.—Better, a work of mockery, i.e., worthy of that and of that only, the word being apparently substituted, after Jeremiah’s manner, for the technical word, not unlike in sound, which is translated “image work” in 2 Chronicles 3:10. In the time of their visitation.—i.e., in the time when they are visited with punishment, as in 1 Peter 2:12; Isaiah 10:3, and Luke 19:44.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges15. delusion] rather (with mg.) mockery, bringing scorn upon those who trust in them. The last clause of the v. refers to the fate which may be expected to befall the idols when “the day of the Lord” comes. Cp. Isaiah 2:12 ff.
Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 10 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleRather, “They are vanity, a work of mockery,” deserving only ridicule and contempt.
Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible15. Work of errors — Rather, of mockery; a thing that deserves only ridicule and contempt, and brings it upon all its votaries.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Jeremiah 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
They are worthless, a work to be mocked. In the time of their punishment they will perish.
They are vanity, a work of delusion. In the time of their visitation they will perish.
They are worthless, a work to be mocked. In the time of their punishment they will perish.
They are worthless, mere objects to be mocked. When the time comes to punish them, they will be destroyed.
Tyndale line
They are vanity, and the work of errors: in the time of their visitation they shall perish.
They are vanity, a work of delusion: in the time of their visitation they shall perish.
They are vanity, a work of delusion: in the time of their visitation they shall perish.
They are vanity, and the work of errors: in the time of their visitation they shall perish.
They are vanitie, and the worke of errours: in the time of their visitation they shall perish.
Strictly literal
They are vanity, a work of delusion: in the time of their visitation they shall perish.
Vanity [are] they, work of erring ones, In the time of their inspection they perish.
They [are] vanity, work of erring ones, || They perish in the time of their inspection.
They are vanity, the work of deception; in the time of their punishment shall they vanish.
They are useless, the work of mockers; they will perish at the time of their punishment.
From the Latin
They are vain things and a ridiculous work: in the time of their visitation they shall perish.
Simplified
They are useless, an object to be laughed at. They will be destroyed at the time of their punishment.
They are nothing, a work of error: in the time of their punishment, destruction will overtake them.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their wording for this verse, with the Septuagint providing a direct correspondence to the Hebrew text. The Dead Sea Scrolls, however, show some damage, with two words intact and five supplied by an editor, indicating a loss of some detail.
הֶ֣בֶל הֵ֔מָּה מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה תַּעְתֻּעִ֑ים בְּעֵ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[הבל] [המה] [מעשה] [תעתעים] בעת פקדתי׳ם [יאבדו]
2 words on the leather — 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 10:15
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
הֶ֫בֶל (hevel) refers to vapour or breath, and is often associated with concepts of emptiness or vanity, indicating something transitory and unsatisfactory. The word can function as an adverb meaning 'vainly.' It is derived from a root meaning 'to breathe' and appears in contexts discussing the fleeting nature of life.
הֶ֫בֶל 73 n.m. vapour, breath
base
H1892 הֶ֫בֶל vapour, breath
1892 hebel heh'bel
or (rarely in the abs.) habel {hab-ale'}; from 1891;
emptiness or vanity; figuratively, something transitory and
unsatisfactory; often used as an adverb:--X altogether, vain,
vanity.
see HEBREW for 01891
הֶ֫בֶל (he.vel) — vanity.
1) vapour, breath
1a) breath, vapour
1b) vanity (fig.)
adv
2) vainly
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
הֵ֫מָּה (hemmah) is a masculine plural pronoun meaning 'they.' The entries indicate that it can also mean 'these,' 'the same,' or refer to people in an emphatic context. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its usage.
הֵ֫מָּה and הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) pron. 3 pl. masc. they
base
H1992 הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) they
1992 hem haym
or (prolonged) hemmah {haym'-maw}; masculine plural from
1981; they (only used when emphatic):--it, like, X (how, so)
many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, X so, X such,
their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye.
see HEBREW for 01981
הֵ֫מָּה (hem.mah) — they(masc.).
they, these, the same, who
Pron — PronounHPp3mp
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma`aseh) means deed or work, encompassing a range of actions from good to bad, and includes concepts like business, labor, and products made. It can refer to specific achievements, works of God, or even customs. The entries suggest a broad application in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
מַעֲשֶׂה 233 n.m. deed, work
base
H4639 מַעֲשֶׂה deed, work
4639 ma`aseh mah-as-eh'
from 6213; an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction;
abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically,
a poem) or (generally) property:--act, art, + bakemeat,
business, deed, do(-ing), labor, thing made, ware of making,
occupation, thing offered, operation, possession, X well,
((handy-, needle-, net-))work(ing, - manship), wrought.
see HEBREW for 06213
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: work.
: work/product
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: justice.
: justice/right/righteousness
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: judgement.
: judgement/punishment
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: custom.
: custom/manner
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
תֵּעְתֻּעִים (ta'tua) refers to errors or delusions, with a specific mention of mockery in some entries. It is derived from a root meaning 'fraud' or 'error.' The term appears in contexts related to deception and falsehood.
תֵּעְתֻּעִים n.[m.]pl.abstr. mockery
base
H8595 תֵּעְתֻּעִים, תַּעְתֻּעַ
8595 ta`tua` tah-too'-ah
from 8591; a fraud:--error.
see HEBREW for 08591
תֵּעְתֻּעִים (ta.tu.a) — delusion.
1) errors, delusions
2) (BDB) mockery
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
עֵת (eth) means 'time,' covering various aspects such as the time of an event, a usual time, or an appointed time. It can also refer to experiences or occurrences. The entries suggest it can denote both specific and uncertain times, but they do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
עֵת 297 n.f. time
time of an event
= usual time
proper, suitable time
appointed time
as uncertain
= experience, fortunes
occurrence, occasion
base
H6256 עֵת time . time of an event
. . = usual time
. proper, suitable time
. appointed time
. as uncertain
. = experience, fortunes
. occurrence, occasion
6256 `eth ayth
from 5703; time, especially (adverb with preposition) now,
when, etc.:--+ after, (al-)ways, X certain, + continually, +
evening, long, (due) season, so (long) as, (even-, evening-,
noon-)tide, ((meal-)), what) time, when.
see HEBREW for 05703
עֵת (et) — time.
1) time
1a) time (of an event)
1b) time (usual)
1c) experiences, fortunes
1d) occurrence, occasion
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common both singular constructHR/Ncbsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
פְּקֻדָּה (pquddah) refers to concepts of oversight, mustering, and visitation, often in an official capacity. It can denote custody, charge, or a store of items, and is linked to punishment in some contexts. The term is derived from a related root and is noted in various lexicons for its range of meanings.
פְּקֻדָּה 32 n.f. oversight, mustering, visitation, store
base
H6486 פְּקֻדָּה oversight, mustering, visitation, store
6486 pquddah pek-ood-daw'
feminine passive participle of 6485; visitation (in many
senses, chiefly official):--account, (that have the) charge,
custody, that which...laid up, numbers, office(-r), ordering,
oversight, + prison, reckoning, visitation.
see HEBREW for 06485
פְּקֻדָּה (pe.qud.dah) — punishment.
1) oversight, care, custody, mustering, visitation, store
1a) visitation, punishment
1b) oversight, charge, office, overseer, class of officers
1c) mustering
1d) store
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3mp
אָבַד (abad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to perish or be lost. It encompasses a range of meanings, including dying, vanishing, and destruction, often in a moral or judgment context. The word appears in various forms in the Old Testament, with uses related to individuals, nations, and inanimate objects. The lexicons indicate that it can also imply causing something to perish or stray.
אָבַד vb. perish (M I אבד, As. abâtu Dl W 184 Aram אֲבַד, Syriac).—
Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָבְדוּ ψ 10:16 + (+ Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co) etc.; Impf. יֹאבַד Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; יֹאבֵ֑ד Jb 20:7 + 2t.; 3fs. תֹּאבַד Dt 22:3 + 4t.; תֹּאבֵ֑ד Jb 8:13 + 3t.; יֹאבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3t.; יֹאבֵ֑דוּ Jb 4:9 +; 3fpl. וַתֹּאבַדְנָה֙ I S 9:3; תֹּאבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נֹאבֵ֑ד Jon 1:6…
Read the full entry →H6 אָבַד perish .. perish, die, of individuals
. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory
. be lost, strayed
. . cause to perish, destroy, kill
. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with
. cause to stray, lose
. . destroy, put to death, in judgment
. fig. obj. name of kings; hope; voice of mirth etc.
6 'abad aw-bad'
a primitive root; properly, to wander away, i.e. lose
oneself; by implication to perish (causative,
destroy):--break, destroy(- uction), + not escape, fail,
lose, (cause to, make) perish, spend, X and surely, take, be
undone, X utterly, be void of, have no way to flee.
אָבַד (a.vad) — to perish.
1) perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) perish, die, be exterminated
1a2) perish, vanish (fig.)
1a3) be lost, strayed
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate
1b2) to blot out, do away with, cause to vanish, (fig.)
1b3) cause to stray, lose
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to destroy, put to death
1c1a) of divine judgment
1c2) object name of kings (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (אֲבַד "to destroy" H0007)
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp