Isaiah 60:3 — Word Study
WLCוְהָלְכ֥וּ גוֹיִ֖ם לְאוֹרֵ֑ךְ וּמְלָכִ֖ים לְנֹ֥גַהּ זַרְחֵֽךְ׃
BSANationsgôwy [Gentiles, people-groups] will comehâlak to your lightʼôwr [spiritual illumination, happiness] and kingsmelek [royal persons, rulers] to the brightnessnôgahh [brilliance, radiance] of your dawnzerach△ [dawning, rising, new day]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהָלְכ֥וּ | and they will come | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| גוֹיִ֖ם | nations | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| לְאוֹרֵ֑ךְ | to light your | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| וּמְלָכִ֖ים | and kings | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| לְנֹ֥גַהּ | to [the] brightness of | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| זַרְחֵֽךְ׃ | dawn your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Nations will come to your light, and kings to the brightness of your dawn. |
| KJV | And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising. |
| ASV | And nations shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising. |
| YLT | And come have nations to thy light, And kings to the brightness of thy rising. |
| WEB | Nations will come to your light, and kings to the brightness of your rising. |
| BBE | And nations will come to your light, and kings to your bright dawn. |
The translations agree on the term גוֹיִ֖ם as nations.
The sentence has a main clause with two subjects, creating a parallel structure that emphasizes both nations and kings.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectגּוֹי
verbהָלַךְ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 6 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 60:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Glory of Ziongenerated
Isaiah 60:3 is part of a passage where God promises that His glory will shine upon Zion, attracting nations and kings to its light. This imagery emphasizes the transformation and prominence of God's people in the world, standing out amidst darkness and drawing others to the hope and illumination found in Him. The surrounding verses speak of the darkness covering the earth, highlighting the contrast between God's light and the world's state.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 2:2–5 | In the last days the mountain of the house of the LORD will be established as the chief of the mountains; it will be raised above the hills, and all nations will stream to it. |
| 2 | Isaiah 11:10 | On that day the Root of Jesse will stand as a banner for the peoples. The nations will seek Him, and His place of rest will be glorious. |
| 3 | Isaiah 19:23–25 | In that day there will be a highway from Egypt to Assyria. The Assyrians will go to Egypt, and the Egyptians to Assyria. The Egyptians and Assyrians will worship together. |
| 4 | Isaiah 45:14 | This is what the LORD says: “The products of Egypt and the merchandise of Cush, along with the Sabeans, men of stature, will come over to you and will be yours; they will trudge behind you; they will come over in chains and bow down to you. They will confess to you: ‘God is indeed with you, and there is no other; there is no other God.’” |
| 5 | Isaiah 49:6–12 | He says: “It is not enough for You to be My Servant, to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the protected ones of Israel. I will also make You a light for the nations, to bring My salvation to the ends of the earth.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 33 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — גוֹיִ֖ם, go.Yimgenerated
The word גּוֹי (goy) means 'nation' and often refers to non-Hebrew groups. It can also imply a collective identity among people, emphasizing unity and shared purpose. The parsing shows it as a masculine plural noun, indicating multiple nations or groups.
In this verse, it signifies the nations that will come to the light of Zion, highlighting the inclusive nature of God's promise, where even those outside Israel are drawn to His glory.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the rendering of גוֹיִ֖ם as nations.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb וְהָלְכ֥וּ, and they will come, governs the entire verse, with two subjects — גוֹיִ֖ם and מְלָכִ֖ים — both linked by conjunctions. This structure highlights the parallelism of nations and kings coming to the light.
The prepositional phrases לְאוֹרֵ֑ךְ and לְנֹ֥גַהּ describe the destination of their coming, emphasizing the light and brightness that emanates from Zion.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, גוֹיִ֖ם is rendered as ἔθνη (ethnē), which also means 'nations' but can imply a broader sense of people groups. This choice reflects a similar understanding of the inclusivity of God's promise.
The Greek word πορεύσονται for וְהָלְכ֥וּ indicates a journey or movement, aligning with the Hebrew sense of coming or going.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 60:3 tells us that nations and kings will come to the light and brightness that shines from God's people. This imagery shows how God's glory will attract others, highlighting the transformation of Zion in the midst of darkness.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies that people from all backgrounds will be drawn to the hope and illumination that comes from God's presence among His people.
The kings represent rulers and leaders from various nations who will recognize and seek the glory of God.
Light often symbolizes God's presence, guidance, and truth, contrasting with the darkness of the world.
Dawn represents new beginnings and hope, indicating that God's glory brings a fresh start and transformation.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced God's light in my life?
- How can I be a source of light to those around me?
- What does it mean for nations to come to the light of God's people today?
- How can I share the hope and illumination of God's presence with others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early Church Fathers often cited this verse to illustrate the gathering of nations to the Church, emphasizing its significance in the fulfillment of God's promise.
It is the church whose children shall come to it with all speed after the resurrection, running to it from all quarters. [The church] rejoices,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 60 →
Prophecy did not lie, then, when it said, “Kings shall walk in thy light.” They shall walk openly, and especially Gratian and Theodosius before other princes, no longer protected by the weapons of their soldiers but by their own merits;Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 60 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 60:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the Gentiles shall come to thy light,.... To the Gospel, preached in the midst of her; and to Christ, who is her light and into her church state, and partake of the prosperity and happiness of it.
Read John Gill on Isaiah 60 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 60 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe Gentiles shall come; either to congratulate thy deliverance, or to note the respect that should be shown them by other nations upon their deliverance; or rather, shall be allured by thy light to come to thee: as travellers in a dark night, and out of their way, when a light discovers itself do make to it; so the doctrine of the gospel shall shine so bright, and be made so conspicuous by preaching and miracles, that they shall not only congratulate them, and wish them much joy, but rejoice and participate with them in their happiness, . A plain prophecy of the calling of the Gentiles, which promise was made to Christ, . And, or yea, or even kings, which was fulfilled under Cyrus, Darius…
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 60 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 60:3 And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.Ver. 3. And the Gentiles shall come to thy light.] The apostles, those shining luminaries, were Christ’ s Dαδουχοι, holding forth the light of life to all people, as Simeon said. And we may well say, as our Saviour did, This day is this Scripture fulfilled in our ears, and made good to our hearts, praised be his holy name throughout all eternity. And kings to the brightness of thy rising.] As did our King Lucius, who is reckoned to be the first Christian king; our Constantine, the first Christian emperor; our Edward VI, the first reforming prince, and many others. Facit hoc contra Anabaptistas…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 60 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. And the Gentiles shall come] This has been in some sort already fulfilled. The Gentiles have received the light of the Gospel from the land of Judea, and the Gentile kings have embraced that Gospel; so that many nations of the earth are full of the doctrine of Christ.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 60 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. And the Gentiles] And nations (R.V.).
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 60 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd the Gentiles shall come - So splendid shall be that glory, that it will attract the distant nations, and they shall come and participate in the blessings of the gospel.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 60 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible2, 3. Darkness shall cover the earth — Apparently spoken of the Gentiles, whose “darkness” shall continue for awhile, but will be ultimately dissipated by the reflected light from Zion.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 60 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Nations will come to your light, and kings to the brightness of your dawn.
Nations will come to your light, and kings to the brightness of your rising.
Nations will come to your light, and kings to the brightness of your dawn.
Nations come to your light, kings to your bright light.
Tyndale line
And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.
And nations shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.
And nations shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.
And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.
And the Gentiles shall walke in thy light, and Kings at the brightnesse of thy rising vp.
Strictly literal
And the nations shall walk by thy light, and kings by the brightness of thy rising.
And come have nations to thy light, And kings to the brightness of thy rising.
And nations have come to your light, || And kings to the brightness of your rising.
And nations shall walk by thy light, and kings by the brightness of thy shining.
Nations will come to your light, and kings to your bright light that is rising.
From the Latin
And the Gentiles shall walk in thy light, and kings in the brightness of thy rising.
Simplified
Nations will come to your light, and kings will come to the brightness of your shining dawn.
And nations will come to your light, and kings to your bright dawn.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: וְהָלְכ֥וּ גוֹיִ֖ם לְאוֹרֵ֑ךְ וּמְלָכִ֖ים לְנֹ֥גַהּ זַרְחֵֽךְ׃. The Septuagint matches only three of the six words in a different order, while the Dead Sea Scrolls show slight variations in wording but maintain the same overall message.
וְהָלְכ֥וּ גוֹיִ֖ם לְאוֹרֵ֑ךְ וּמְלָכִ֖ים לְנֹ֥גַהּ זַרְחֵֽךְ׃
3 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
והלכו גואים לאור׳ך ומלכים לנגד זרח׳ך
6 words on the leather.
והלכו גוים לאור׳ך ומלכים [לנגה] זרח׳ך
5 words on the leather — 1 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 60:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
הָלַךְ (halak) means 'to go,' 'come,' or 'walk,' and covers a wide range of literal and figurative uses, including aspects of life and death. It can describe physical movement, moral conduct, and even influence on character. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances like leading or traversing.
הָלַךְ 1546 vb. go, come, walk
Qal Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך
lit.
of persons
Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations
in like manner of inanimate things
The inf. abs. is often used
as in other vbs., quite independently
to intensify meaning of finite form
most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs.
with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance
with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)
in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. adj. denoting progress, advance
twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion
quite by itself
13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.
akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.
In combination with other verbal forms
Fig.; the most common uses follow; in most the origin in a literal meaning is evident:
pass away, die
H1980 הָלַךְ go, come, walk .Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך . lit. . of persons
. Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations
. in like manner of inanimate things
. The inf. abs. is often used . as in other vbs., quite independently
. to intensify meaning of finite form
. most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs. . with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance
. with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)
. in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. + adj. denoting progress, advance
. twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion
. quite by itself
. 13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.
. akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.
. In combination with other verbal forms
1980 halak haw-lak'
akin to 3212; a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety
of applications, literally and figuratively):--(all) along,
apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant,
depart, + be eased, enter, exercise (self), + follow, forth,
forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on,
out, up and down), + greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead,
march, X more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away),
be at the point, quite, run (along), + send, speedily, spread,
still, surely, + tale-bearer, + travel(-ler), walk (abroad,
on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax,
(way-)faring man, X be weak, whirl.
see HEBREW for 03212
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: went.
: went/go[away]
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
1c2) to walk about
1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: come.
: come[nearer]
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
1c2) to walk about
1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: walk.
: walk/move
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/Vqq3cp
kum: The translation of many Hebrew and Greek words. In the phrase "The Spirit of Yahweh came mightily upon him" (Jud 14:6,19; 15:14; 1Sa 10:10; 11:6; 16:13), the word is tsaleah; Jud 14:6; 15:14 "came mightily," which is the uniform translation of the Revised Version (British and American) (compare Jud 13:25 "to move," i.e. to disturb or stir up). In Jud 6:34; 1Ch 12:18; 2Ch 24:20, it is labhesh, "to clothe"; the Revised Version, margin "The Spirit .... clothed itself with Gideon" and .... "with Zechariah,"…
גּוֹי (goy) refers to a nation or people, often indicating non-Hebrew groups, but can also encompass descendants of Abraham and Israel. It may figuratively describe a swarm of locusts or animals. The plural form, גּוֹיִם (goyim), is noted as a proper noun referring to the people of Goim, specifically mentioned in Genesis 14:1.
גּוֹי 661 n.m. nation, people
base
גּוֹיִם n.pr.gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
base
H1471a גּוֹי nation, people H1471b גּוֹיִם n. pr. gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
1471 gowy go'-ee
rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}; apparently from the same
root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation;
hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a
flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.
see HEBREW for 01465
גּוֹי (goy) — nation.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
גּוֹיִם (go.yim) — Goiim.
People descended from Goy(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.1
§ Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
גּוֹי (goy) — Gentile.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
1c) Goyim? = "nations"
Also named: ethnos (ἔθνος "Gentiles" G1484)
גּוֹי (goy) — (Harosheth)-hagoyim.
Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
Combined with cha.ro.shet (חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת "Harosheth" H2800)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
na'-shunz.
See GENTILES; GOIIM; HEATHEN; TABLE OF NATIONS.
אוֹר (or) means 'light' and encompasses various forms of illumination, including daylight, dawn, and the light of heavenly bodies like the sun and stars. It can also refer to metaphorical concepts such as the light of life, prosperity, and instruction, as well as Yahweh as a source of light.
אוֹר 121 n.m. light
light as diffused in nature, light of day
morning light, dawn
light of the heavenly luminaries
daylight
lightning
light of lamp
light of life
light of prosperity
light of instruction
light of face
Yahweh
base
H216 אוֹר light . light as diffused in nature, light of day
. morning light, dawn
. light of the heavenly luminaries
. daylight
. lightning
. light of lamp
. light of life
. light of prosperity
. light of instruction
. light of face
. Yahweh
216 'owr ore
from 215; illumination or (concrete) luminary (in every
sense, including lightning, happiness, etc.):--bright, clear,
+ day, light (-ning), morning, sun.
see HEBREW for 0215
אוֹר (or) — light.
1) light
1a) light of day
1b) light of heavenly luminaries (moon, sun, stars)
1c) day-break, dawn, morning light
1d) daylight
1e) lightning
1f) light of lamp
1g) light of life
1h) light of prosperity
1i) light of instruction
1j) light of face (fig.)
1k) Jehovah as Israel's light
Prep | N-cs | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncfsc/Sp2fs
The Hebrew word מֶ֫לֶךְ (*melek*) means 'king.' It is derived from a root that suggests royalty. The term appears in various contexts, including references to specific kings and locations, such as the 'King's Highway' in Numbers 20:17 and the 'King's Valley' in Genesis 14:17. The lexicons note its Aramaic equivalent and mention its use in the context of individuals like Hammelech in Jeremiah.
מֶ֫לֶךְ 2513 n.m. king
base
H4428 מֶ֫לֶךְ king
4428 melek meh'-lek
from 4427; a king:--king, royal.
see HEBREW for 04427
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.
1) king
Aramaic equivalent: me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4430)
הַמֶּלֶךְ (me.lekh) — `the king`.
'the king' or a name, Hammelech in KJV of Jer.36.26; 38.6- a man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;
father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";
§ A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;
father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
King's (Highway) (Num.20.17)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
Another name of she.lach (שֶׁ֫לַח "Shelah" H7975A)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — Milcom.
Another name of mo.lekh (מֹ֫לֶךְ "Molech" H4432)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Ncmpa
of Judah and Israel. For the list see table at the end of this volume.
נֹ֫גַהּ (nogahh) means brightness and is derived from a related term indicating brilliancy. It covers both literal and figurative senses of light and shining. The word is noted in the context of brightness in various texts, including an Aramaic equivalent that refers to daylight.
נֹ֫גַהּ n.f. brightness
base
H5051 נֹ֫גַהּ brightness
5051 nogahh no'-gah
from 5050; brilliancy (literally or
figuratively):--bright(-ness), light, (clear) shining.
see HEBREW for 05050
נֹ֫גַהּ (no.gah) — brightness.
brightness
Aramaic equivalent: no.gah (נֹ֫גַהּ "daylight" H5053)
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular constructHR/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
זֶ֫רַח (zerach) refers to the concepts of dawning and shining, derived from the root word for rising light. It is used figuratively, notably in Isaiah 60:3, to describe the brightness associated with Zion.
[זֶ֫רַח] n.[m.] dawning, shining;—only fig., i.e. of Zion, Is 60:3
ref
H2225 זֶ֫רַח dawning, shining
2225 zerach zeh'-rakh
from 2224; a rising of light:--rising.
see HEBREW for 02224
זֶ֫רַח (ze.rach) — dawning.
dawning, shining
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2fs