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Isaiah 55:4 — Word Study

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WLCהֵ֛ן עֵ֥ד לְאוּמִּ֖ים נְתַתִּ֑יו נָגִ֥יד וּמְצַוֵּ֖ה לְאֻמִּֽים׃

BSABeholdhên [look, see] I have made himnâthan a witnessʻêd [testifier, one who gives testimony] to the nationslᵉʼôm [people, communities] a leadernâgîyd [ruler, commander] and commandertsâvâh [one who gives orders, guide] of the peopleslᵉʼôm [nations, communities]

Word
Listen & take awayIsaiah 55
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 4 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (le.'u.Mim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Isaiah 55:4quick helps
In a sentenceGod declares that He has appointed a significant figure as a witness and leader for the nations.
Who is speakingThe prophet Isaiah, conveying God's message.
Where we areThis verse is part of a call to the nations, emphasizing God's covenant and promises.
The hard wordנָגִיד
Take awayGod's chosen servant is meant to guide and testify to all peoples.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Isaiah 55:4

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — God's Call to the Nationsgenerated

3Incline your ear and come to Me; listen, so that your soul may live. I will make with you an everlasting covenant— My loving devotion promised to David.
4Behold, I have made him a witness to the nations, a leader and commander of the peoples.
5Surely you will summon a nation you do not know, and nations who do not know you will run to you. For the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, has bestowed glory on you.”
6Seek the LORD while He may be found; call on Him while He is near.

Isaiah 55:4 presents a pivotal moment where God announces His intention to appoint a significant figure as a witness to the nations. This verse is part of a broader message inviting all peoples to listen and respond to God's promises, as illustrated in the preceding and following verses. The context emphasizes God's desire for a relationship with all nations, extending His covenant beyond Israel.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1John 3:16For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son, that everyone who believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.
2John 18:37“Then You are a king!” Pilate said. “You say that I am a king,” Jesus answered. “For this reason I was born and have come into the world, to testify to the truth. Everyone who belongs to the truth listens to My voice.”
31 Timothy 6:13I charge you in the presence of God, who gives life to all things, and of Christ Jesus, who made the good confession in His testimony before Pontius Pilate:
4Revelation 1:5and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth. To Him who loves us and has released us from our sins by His blood,
5Revelation 3:14To the angel of the church in Laodicea write: These are the words of the Amen, the faithful and true Witness, the Originator of God’s creation.

The Key Word נָגִיד, na.Gidgenerated

The word נָגִיד (na.Gid) refers to a leader or commander, indicating someone with authority and responsibility. It encompasses various forms of leadership, including military, civil, and religious roles, suggesting a position of prominence.

In this verse, it highlights the role of the appointed figure as one who guides and commands, reflecting God's intention for this leader to influence and direct the nations.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses witness and leader to convey the roles assigned to the figure in question.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb נְתַתִּ֑יו (ne.ta.Tiv, I made) governs the entire statement, indicating God's action in appointing this figure. The structure includes a noun phrase describing the appointed roles, with additional clauses elaborating on the significance of these roles.

The sentence structure emphasizes the action of making, with the roles of 'witness' and 'leader' being highlighted as the main focus of God's declaration.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates נָגִיד as ἄρξοντα (archonta), which conveys a sense of authority and leadership. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning but may also imply a more formal or governmental aspect of leadership.

The use of μαρτύριον for עֵד emphasizes the role of testimony, suggesting a broader interpretation of the witness's function across cultures.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Isaiah 55:4 tells us that God has made a significant figure a witness to the nations, a leader and commander of the peoples. This verse emphasizes the importance of this role in guiding and testifying to various communities, reflecting God's desire for all nations to know Him.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to be a witness to the nations?

Being a witness to the nations means testifying about God's actions and character to different peoples, sharing the message of His covenant and love.

Why is leadership important in this context?

Leadership is crucial as it signifies guidance and authority, enabling the appointed figure to influence and direct the nations towards God.

How does this verse connect to the New Testament?

This verse foreshadows the role of Jesus as a witness and leader, fulfilling God's promise to reach all nations.

What can we learn from God's declaration in this verse?

We learn that God actively seeks to engage with all peoples and appoints leaders to guide them in understanding His will.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How can I be a witness to those around me, sharing what I have experienced of God?
  2. In what ways can I demonstrate leadership in my community that reflects God's character?
  3. What does it mean for me to respond to God's call as a leader or guide for others?
  4. How can I encourage others to seek a relationship with God, as described in this passage?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Jerome comments on this verse, interpreting it as God appointing a witness and leader for the nations, emphasizing the call to those who do not know Him.

JeromeVerse 4, 5. c. 347–420
Behold, I have given him as a witness to the peoples, a leader and instructor to the nations. Behold, you shall call a nation that you do not know, and a nation that did not know you shall run to you, because of the Lord your God,
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 55 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Isaiah 55:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people,.... That is, the Messiah, as Aben Ezra, Kimchi, and Ben Melech rightly interpret it.

Read John Gill on Isaiah 55 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people. Behold, I have given him - the mystical David (Ezekiel 37:24-25; Jeremiah 30:9; Hosea 3:5). Given by God (Isaiah 49:6).

Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 55 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

I have given, I have already appointed, and will in due time actually give, him; the David last mentioned, even Christ, the Son and successor of David, as is plain and certain from the titles and works ascribed to him in this and the following verse. But of this See Poole "". For a witness; to be a Prophet or Teacher to declare the counsel and will of God concerning the duty and salvation of men; to bear witness unto the truth, as Christ himself affirmeth, ; to confirm God’ s promises, , and, amongst others, those which respect the calling and reconciliation of the Gentiles; to be a witness for both parties of that covenant made between God and men. To the people; not only to my people of…

Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 55 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Isaiah 55:4 Behold, I have given him [for] a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people.Ver. 4. Behold, I have given him,] i.e., Christ, called David, because typed out by David, promised to him, and sprang of him. For a witness.] To teach and testify his Father’ s will and counsel, at which, being his eternal wisdom, he had been present. See Revelation 3:14. A leader and commander to the people.] Of Christ’ s priestly office had been spoken in Isaiah 53:12, here of his prophetical and princely. These were frequently set forth even in the Old Testament; by the crown or golden plate on the high priest’ s head was signified Christ’ s kingly office; by the breastplate, his…

Read John Trapp on Isaiah 55 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(4) I have given him . . .—Better, I gave, the words referring primarily to the historic David (Comp. Psalms 78:70-71), though realised fully only in Him who was the “faithful and true witness” (John 18:37; Revelation 1:5; Revelation 3:14), the “captain” or “leader” of our salvation (Hebrews 2:10).

Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 55 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

3–5. The offer of Isa 55:1-2 is summed up in the promise of an everlasting covenant. see ch. Isaiah 42:6, Isaiah 49:8; and cf. Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 31:31-33. Incline your ear &c.] The condition imposed is simply the consent and submission of the heart to the divine will. an everlasting covenant … the sure mercies of David] i.e. the mercies (lovingkindnesses) irrevocably promised to David and his house. Comp. the “Last Words of David,” 2 Samuel 23:5 (“an everlasting covenant ordered in all things and secured”), Psalms 18:50 (“shewing lovingkindness … to David and to his seed for ever”), Psalms 89:28 (“for ever will I keep my lovingkindness to him, and my covenant is sure to…

Read Cambridge on Isaiah 55 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Behold, I have given him - This is evidently the language of God respecting the Messiah, or of David as representing the Messiah.

Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 55 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

4. Behold — God continues calling attention to the functions of the great Messiah. He desires the people — all people — to grasp the full idea of Messiah.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 55 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Behold, I have made him a witness to the nations, a leader and commander of the peoples.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Behold, I have given him for a witness to the peoples, a leader and commander to the peoples.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Behold, I have made him a witness to the nations, a leader and commander of the peoples.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Look, I made him a witness to nations, a ruler and commander of nations.”

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Behold, I have given him for a witness to the peoples, a leader and commander to the peoples.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Behold, I have given him for a witness to the peoples, a leader and commander to the peoples.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Beholde, I gaue him for a witnes to the people, for a prince and a master vnto the people.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Behold, I have given him [for] a witness to the peoples, a prince and commander to the peoples.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Lo, a witness to peoples I have given him, A leader and commander to peoples.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Behold, I have given him [as] a witness to peoples, || A leader and commander to peoples.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Behold, for a lawgiver unto the people have I appointed him, a prince and commander to the people.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Look, I have placed him as a witness to the nations, as a leader and commander to the peoples.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Behold I have given him for a witness to the people, for a leader and a master to the Gentiles.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

See how I made him a witness to the peoples, a leader and commander for them.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

See, I have given him as a witness to the peoples, a ruler and a guide to the nations.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseהֵ֛ןhere!clausenoun phrase · second objectעֵ֥דa.witnessלְאוּמִּ֖יםof.peoplesverbנְתַתִּ֑יIobjectוmade.himclausenoun phrase · second objectנָגִ֥ידa.leaderוּandnoun phraseמְצַוֵּ֖ה[one.who].commandsלְאֻמִּֽים(of).peoples

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text presents the verse as הֵ֛ן עֵ֥ד לְאוּמִּ֖ים נְתַתִּ֑יו נָגִ֥יד וּמְצַוֵּ֖ה לְאֻמִּֽים׃, which is closely matched by the Septuagint in meaning, although the word order differs. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide variations, with some words partially restored, indicating slight textual differences but overall agreement with the Masoretic Text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

הֵ֛ן עֵ֥ד לְאוּמִּ֖ים נְתַתִּ֑יו נָגִ֥יד וּמְצַוֵּ֖ה לְאֻמִּֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
הֵ֛ןἰδοὺעֵ֥דμαρτύριονנְתַתִּ֑יוαὐτόνנָגִ֥ידἄρξονταוּמְצַוֵּ֖הπροστάσσονταלְאֻמִּֽים׃ἔθνεσιν

6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaaa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

הנה עד לאומים נתתי׳הו נגיד ומצוה לאומים

7 words on the leather.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Q8a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

הן עד לאמים נתתי׳ו נגיד [ומצוה] לאומים

4 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q57a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[הן] [עד] לאומים נתתי׳הו [נגיד] [ומצוה] [לאמים]

2 words on the leather — 5 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Isaiah 55:4הֵןhere!here!הֵןעֵדa witness oa witness ofעֵדלְאֹםpeoplespeoplesלְאֹםנָתַןI made himI made himנָתַןנָגִידa leadera leaderנָגִידצָוָהand a commaand a commanderצָוָהלְאֹםpeoplespeoplesלְאֹםעוּדto upholdto upholdעוּדנָגַדto tellto tellנָגַדרִיקvainvainרִיקשָׁאוֹןroarroarשָׁאוֹןיָפֶהbeautifulbeautifulיָפֶהיהוהYHWH/GodYHWH/Godיהוהשֶׁ֫קֶרdeceptiondeceptionשֶׁ֫קֶרנַחֲלָהinheritancinheritanceנַחֲלָהזֶ֫רַעseedseedזֶ֫רַעמָשַׁחto anointto anointמָשַׁחצָוָהto commandto commandצָוָהמֹשֶׁהMosesMosesמֹשֶׁהמִצְוָהcommandmencommandmentמִצְוָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 55:4

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

here! a witness of peoples I made him a leader and a commander of peoples
הֵ֛ןhen here! H2005 Particle
316× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
An expression meaning look or behold, used to get someone's attention, like in the prophet Isaiah's writings. It can also express surprise or introduce a hypothetical situation.
Amplified meaning
look, see
Tyndale gloss
look!
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֵן (hen) is a demonstrative adverb or interjection meaning 'lo!' or 'behold!'. It is primarily used to draw attention to a fact that prompts action or leads to a conclusion. The word can also express surprise and is less common than its counterpart הִנֵּה (hinneh). Additionally, it can function hypothetically as 'if'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֵן 100 demonstr.adv. or interj. lo!, behold (on etym. v. הִנֵּה), less widely used than הִנֵּה, and in prose mostly confined to calling attention to some fact upon which action is to be taken, or a conclusion based

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2005 הֵן demonstr. adv. or interj. lo!, behold (on etym. v. הִנֵּה), less widely used than הִנֵּה, and in prose mostly confined to calling attention to some fact upon which action is to be taken, or a conclusion based

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2005 hen hane

a primitive particle; lo!; also (as expressing surprise)

if:--behold, if, lo, though.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֵן (hen) — look!.

interj

1) behold, lo, though hypothetical part

2) if

Aramaic equivalent: hen (הֵן "look!" H2006A)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTj
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

her, in composition:

here! a witness of peoples I made him a leader and a commander of peoples
עֵ֥ד'ed a witness of H5707 Noun common · masculine singular construct
70× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means witness or testimony, describing someone who sees or experiences something. It's used in the Bible to talk about people who testify to what they've seen, like in Deuteronomy when describing legal witnesses.
Amplified meaning
testifier, one who gives testimony
Tyndale gloss
witness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֵד (ed) means 'witness' and encompasses both the act of witnessing and the person who testifies. It is derived from a root suggesting emphatic affirmation. The term can refer to evidence of things or to individuals providing testimony.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵד 69 n.m. witness (prob. fr. reiterating, hence emphatically affirming)

witness, testimony, evidence, of things

witness, a person

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5707 עֵד witness (prob. fr. reiterating, hence emphatically affirming) . witness, testimony, evidence, of things

. witness, a person

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5707 `ed ayd

contracted from 5749 ; concretely, a witness; abstractly,

testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e. prince:--witness.

see HEBREW for 05749

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵד (ed) — witness.

1) witness

1a) witness, testimony, evidence (of things)

1b) witness (of people)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

here! a witness of peoples I made him a leader and a commander of peoples
לְאוּמִּ֖יםle.'u.Mim peoples H3816 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
31× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a community or nation of people. It is used in the Bible to describe a group of people who share a common identity or culture. The KJV translates it as 'nation' or 'people'.
Amplified meaning
people, communities
Tyndale gloss
people
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לְאֹם, transliterated as lom, refers to a 'people' or 'nation.' It is derived from an unused root meaning to gather, indicating a sense of community. The term is noted as chiefly late in usage according to Brown-Driver-Briggs.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לְאֹם, לְאוֹם n.m. people, poet. and chiefly late

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3816 לְאֹם, לְאוֹם people, poet. and chiefly late

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3816 lom leh-ome'

or l owm {leh-ome'}; from an unused root meaning to gather; a

community:--nation, people.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לְאֹם (le.om) — people.

a people, nation

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
here! a witness of peoples I made him a leader and a commander of peoples
נְתַתִּ֑יוne.ta.Tiv I made him H5414 Verb qal perfect first person common singular · suffix
2,011× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to give, put, or set something, with a wide range of applications. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, describing God's actions and human interactions. The word is used to convey giving, selling, or exchanging something.
Tyndale gloss
to give: give
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נָתַן (natan) means 'to give' and encompasses a wide range of applications such as putting, setting, and making. It can also indicate actions like bestowing, delivering, and assigning. The entries describe its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָתַן 2007 vb. give, put, set

Qal 1917

give

Put, set

Make, constitute

Niph.

82be given

Be put, set

Hoph.

be given, bestowed

= be given to one for wife

be put upon

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5414 נָתַן give, put, set .. give

. Put, set

. Make, constitute

. . be given

. Be put, set

. . . be given, bestowed

. = be given to one for wife

. be put upon

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5414 nathan naw-than'

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of

application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe,

assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth,

hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, +

cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X

without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up),

grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up),

(give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that,

occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X

pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send

(out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander,

strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade,

turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to)

God, yield.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: give.

: give/deliver/send/produce

1) to give, put, set

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend

1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate

1a3) to make, constitute

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned

1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up

1c2) to be put upon

נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: put.

: put/set/apppoint

1) to give, put, set

1a) (Qal)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-1cs | Suff — Verb qal perfect first person common singular · suffix
HVqp1cs/Sp3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
here! a witness of peoples I made him a leader and a commander of peoples
נָגִ֥ידna.Gid a leader H5057 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
45× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a leader or commander, someone who is in charge or has authority. In the Bible, it is used to describe military, civil, or religious leaders, such as princes or governors.
Amplified meaning
ruler, commander
Tyndale gloss
leader
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָגִיד (nagiyd) refers to a leader or ruler, often implying someone in a prominent position, such as a prince or captain. The word encompasses various types of leadership, including civil, military, and religious roles, and can also denote honorable themes or princely matters. It is derived from a root meaning to be in front, suggesting a position of command.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָגִיד n.m. leader (lit. prob. one in front), ruler, prince

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5057 נָגִיד leader (lit. prob. one in front), ruler, prince

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5057 nagiyd naw-gheed'

or nagid {naw-gheed'}; from 5046; a commander (as occupying

the front), civil, military or religious; generally

(abstractly, plural), honorable themes:--captain, chief,

excellent thing, (chief) governor, leader, noble, prince,

(chief) ruler.

see HEBREW for 05046

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָגִיד (na.gid) — leader.

1) leader, ruler, captain, prince

1a) ruler, prince

1b) prince-overseer

1c) ruler (in other capacities)

1d) princely things

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
here! a witness of peoples I made him a leader and a commander of peoples
וּמְצַוֵּ֖הu.me.tza.Veh and a commander of H6680 Conjunction · verb piel participle (active) masculine singular common
494× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To command or give orders, as seen in the Bible when God gives charge to his people. It can also mean to appoint or ordain someone for a task. This word is used in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
one who gives orders, guide
Tyndale gloss
to command
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָוָה (tsavah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to command or give orders. It is built from a primitive root and primarily used in the Piel form, indicating actions like appointing or charging someone with a task. The entries highlight its various applications, including laying charges and sending messengers. There are no noted disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צָוָה] 485 vb. Pi. lay charge (upon), give charge (to), charge, command, order

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6680 צָוָה Pi. lay charge (upon), give charge (to), charge, command, order

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6680 tsavah tsaw-vaw'

a primitive root; (intensively) to constitute,

enjoin:--appoint, (for-)bid, (give a) charge, (give a, give

in, send with) command(-er, -ment), send a messenger, put,

(set) in order.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָוָה (tsa.vah) — to command.

1) to command, charge, give orders, lay charge, give charge to, order

1a)(Piel)

1a1) to lay charge upon

1a2) to give charge to, give command to

1a3) to give charge unto

1a4) to give charge over, appoint

1a5) to give charge, command

1a6) to charge, command

1a7) to charge, commission

1a8) to command, appoint, ordain (of divine act)

1b) (Pual) to be commanded

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Piel — Conjunction · verb piel participle (active) masculine singular common
HC/Vprmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

here! a witness of peoples I made him a leader and a commander of peoples
לְאֻמִּֽים׃le.'u.Mim peoples H3816 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
31× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a community or nation of people. It is used in the Bible to describe a group of people who share a common identity or culture. The KJV translates it as 'nation' or 'people'.
Amplified meaning
nations, communities
Tyndale gloss
people
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לְאֹם, transliterated as lom, refers to a 'people' or 'nation.' It is derived from an unused root meaning to gather, indicating a sense of community. The term is noted as chiefly late in usage according to Brown-Driver-Briggs.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לְאֹם, לְאוֹם n.m. people, poet. and chiefly late

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3816 לְאֹם, לְאוֹם people, poet. and chiefly late

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3816 lom leh-ome'

or l owm {leh-ome'}; from an unused root meaning to gather; a

community:--nation, people.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לְאֹם (le.om) — people.

a people, nation

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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