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Ezekiel 7:10 — Word Study

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WLCהִנֵּ֥ה הַיּ֖וֹם הִנֵּ֣ה בָאָ֑ה יָֽצְאָה֙ הַצְּפִרָ֔ה צָ֚ץ הַמַּטֶּ֔ה פָּרַ֖ח הַזָּדֽוֹן׃

BSABeholdhinnêh [look, see] the dayyôwm [a period of time, a season of judgment] is herehinnêh It has comebôwʼ [arrived, is present] Doomtsᵉphîyrâh [destruction, the diadem of judgment] has gone outyâtsâʼ [been issued, proclaimed] the rodmaṭṭeh [staff] has buddedpârach [sprouted, blossomed] arrogancezâdôwn [pride, insolence] has bloomedtsûwts [flourished, come into full expression]

Word
Listen & take awayEzekiel 7
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 10 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ha.za.Don) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ezekiel 7:10quick helps
In a sentenceEzekiel announces the arrival of a significant day marked by judgment and the flourishing of pride.
Who is speakingEzekiel, the prophet, conveying God's message.
Where we areEzekiel's prophecy of impending doom and judgment.
The hard wordהַצְּפִרָ֔ה
Take awayThe day of judgment has arrived, and pride has come into full bloom.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbבּוֹא The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ezekiel 7:10

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Ezekiel's Prophecy of Judgmentgenerated

9I will not look on you with pity, nor will I spare you, but I will punish you for your ways and for the abominations among you. Then you will know that it is I, the LORD, who strikes the blow.
10Behold, the day is here! It has come! Doom has gone out, the rod has budded, arrogance has bloomed.
11Their violence has grown into a rod to punish their wickedness. None of them will remain: none of their multitude, none of their wealth, and nothing of value.
12The time has come; the day has arrived. Let the buyer not rejoice and the seller not mourn, for wrath is upon the whole multitude.

Ezekiel 7:10 describes a pivotal moment of judgment where the prophet emphasizes the immediacy of the day of doom. This verse follows a warning of punishment for the people's wickedness and serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of their actions. The surrounding verses highlight the severity of the situation, indicating that the time for reckoning has come, and nothing will escape the judgment of the Lord.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Ezekiel 7:6The end has come! The end has come! It has roused itself against you. Behold, it has come!
21 Thessalonians 5:3While people are saying, “Peace and security,” destruction will come upon them suddenly, like labor pains on a pregnant woman, and they will not escape.
3Ezekiel 19:14Fire has gone out from its main branch and devoured its fruit; on it no strong branch remains fit for a ruler’s scepter.’ This is a lament and shall be used as a lament.”
4Ezekiel 21:10–13it is sharpened for the slaughter, polished to flash like lightning! Should we rejoice in the scepter of My son? The sword despises every such stick.
5Numbers 17:8The next day Moses entered the Tent of the Testimony and saw that Aaron’s staff, representing the house of Levi, had sprouted, put forth buds, blossomed, and produced almonds.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word הִנֵּה, hi.Nehgenerated

The word הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a demonstrative particle meaning 'behold' or 'look'. It is often used to draw attention to something significant. This word appears frequently throughout the Hebrew Bible, serving to alert the audience to important announcements or events.

In this context, it emphasizes the urgency and importance of the message being delivered, marking the arrival of a day filled with judgment and consequence.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

All translations agree on the rendering of the key phrases in this verse, conveying the same sense of urgency and impending judgment.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains multiple clauses, with the main finite verb בָאָ֑ה (va'ah) indicating the arrival of the day. Other verbs, such as יָֽצְאָה֙ (yatze'ah), צָ֚ץ (tzatz), and פָּרַ֖ח (parach), describe the actions associated with this day.

The structure emphasizes the unfolding of judgment and the growth of arrogance, creating a vivid picture of the consequences of the people's actions.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew הִנֵּה is rendered as ἰδοὺ (idoú), which carries a similar meaning of 'behold'. This choice reflects the translators' intent to maintain the emphasis on the urgency of the announcement.

The translation choices in the LXX align closely with the Hebrew, underscoring the significance of the day of judgment.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ezekiel 7:10 emphasizes that the day of judgment has arrived, marked by the issuing of doom and the flourishing of pride. This verse serves as a warning about the consequences of the people's actions, highlighting that nothing will escape the impending judgment.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the phrase 'the day is here' signify?

It signifies the arrival of a time of judgment and reckoning for the people, indicating that the consequences of their actions are imminent.

How does the imagery of the rod and arrogance relate to judgment?

The rod symbolizes authority and punishment, while arrogance represents the pride that has led to the people's downfall. Together, they illustrate the consequences of turning away from God.

Why is the word 'doom' used in this context?

The word 'doom' conveys the severity of the judgment that is being proclaimed, indicating destruction and the consequences of the people's actions.

What can we learn from Ezekiel's warning?

Ezekiel's warning serves as a reminder of the importance of humility and obedience to God, as pride can lead to dire consequences.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see pride manifesting in my life or community?
  2. How can I be more aware of the consequences of my actions and choices?
  3. What steps can I take to cultivate humility in my life?
  4. How does understanding the concept of judgment influence my daily decisions?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Jerome references this verse to highlight the themes of judgment and pride, emphasizing the significance of Ezekiel's message.

JeromeVers. 10, 11. c. 347–420
Behold the day, behold it comes, the contraction has gone forth: the rod has blossomed, pride has sprouted. Iniquity has risen in the rod of wickedness, not from them, and not from the people,
Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 7 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 7:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Behold the day, behold, it is come,.... That is, the day of trouble and distress, said to be near, Ezekiel 7:3; the morning is gone forth; [See comments on Ezekiel 7:7]; the rod hath blossomed, pride

Read John Gill on Ezekiel 7 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Behold the day, behold, it is come: the morning is gone forth; the rod hath blossomed, pride hath budded. The rod hath blossomed, pride hath budded.

Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 7 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

If you will open your eyes, you may see the lowering day of vengeance: see . The rod hath blossomed: this and what follows may refer either, 1. To Nebuchadnezzar and his Chaldeans, the rod of God’ s anger; they flourish, are strong and heavy, like to last too long in their strength to break Israel. Pride hath budded; as they flourish in strength, they exceed in pride and arrogance, which buddeth forth in the haughty designs they lay of raising themselves on the ruins of all countries.

Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 7 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Ezekiel 7:10 Behold the day, behold, it is come: the morning is gone forth; the rod hath blossomed, pride hath budded.Ver. 10. The morning is gone forth.] Matutina sententia, The decree bringeth forth, The rod hath blossomed.] You have had your floralia, good times and shall shortly have your funeralia, funeral. Nebuchadnezzar (that rod of my wrath) is at hand. Pride hath budded.] And will shortly bring forth, viz., the bitter fruit of your bold rebellion. Not much unlike to this was the almond rod seen by Jeremiah.

Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 7 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(10) The morning is gone forth.—The same word as in Ezekiel 7:7, and in the same sense—the circle is complete, the end is reached, sin hath brought forth death. “The rod” is commonly understood of the Chaldæan conqueror; but as the word is the same for rod and for tribe, and is very often used in the latter sense, it will be more in accordance with the connection to understand here a play upon the word. There will be then an allusion to the rods of the tribes in Numbers 17:8. There the rod of Aaron was made to bud and blossom by Divine power in evidence of his having been chosen of God; here the rod representing the tribe at Jerusalem in its self-will and pride has budded and blossomed to…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 7 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 10. Behold the day] The same words are repeated, sometimes varied, and pressed on the attention with new figures and new circumstances, in order to alarm this infatuated people. Look at the day! It is come! The morning is gone forth] It will wait no longer. The rod that is to chastise you hath blossomed; it is quite ready. Pride hath budded.] Your insolence, obstinacy, and daring opposition to God have brought forth their proper fruits.

Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 7 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

10–13. The ruin is universal, overtaking all classes 10. morning is gone forth] Rather: is come forth,—the figure of a plant springing up; Job 14:2, “man cometh forth like a flower.” On “morning” see Ezekiel 7:7; R.V. doom as there. rod hath blossomed] i.e. sprouted and grown so as to become a rod. The general scope of the passage seems to imply that the “rod” here is that by which Israel shall be chastised. In Jeremiah 50:31 Babylon is named “pride” (R.V. marg.), and the words “pride has budded” may serve to explain “the rod has blossomed.” If the pride were that which the rod was to humble the words would better be attached to the next verse.

Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 7 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

10. Gone forth — Rather, sprung up. (Compare Job 14:12.) On the meaning of the expression see Ezekiel 7:6.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 7 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Behold, the day is here! It has come! Doom has gone out, the rod has budded, arrogance has bloomed.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“‘Behold, the day! Behold, it comes! Your doom has gone out. The rod has blossomed. Pride has budded.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Behold, the day is here! It has come! Doom has gone out, the rod has budded, arrogance has bloomed.

NETBNew English Translation2006

“Look, the day! Look, it is coming! Doom has gone out! The staff has budded, pride has blossomed!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Behold the day, behold, it is come: the morning is gone forth; the rod hath blossomed, pride hath budded.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Behold, the day, behold, it cometh: thy doom is gone forth; the rod hath blossomed, pride hath budded.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Behold, the day, behold, it cometh: thy doom is gone forth; the rod hath blossomed, pride hath budded.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Behold the day, behold, it is come; the morning is gone forth; the rod hath blossomed, pride hath budded.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Beholde, the day, beholde, it is come: the morning is gone forth, the rod florisheth: pride hath budded.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Behold the day, behold, it is come: the doom is gone forth; the rod hath blossomed, pride is full blown.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Lo, the day, lo, it hath come, Gone forth hath the morning, Blossomed hath the rod, flourished the pride.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Behold, the day, behold, it has come, || The circlet has gone forth, || The rod has blossomed, the pride has flourished.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Behold the day, behold, it is coming; the evil decree is gone forth; the staff hath blossomed, presumption hath budded;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Behold, the day! Behold, it is coming! Doom has gone out! The rod has blossomed, arrogance has budded!

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Behold the day, behold it is come: destruction is gone forth, the rod hath blossomed, pride hath budded.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Can't you see? The day is here! It has arrived! The consequences of your actions have come full circle—the walking stick has blossomed, pride has come into full bloom.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

See, the day; see, it is coming: the crowning time has gone out; the twisted way is flowering, pride has put out buds.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseהִנֵּ֥הthere!clausenoun phrase · predicateהַtheיּ֖וֹםdayclauseהִנֵּ֣הthere!clauseverbבָאָ֑ה[it.is].comingclauseverbיָֽצְאָה֙it.has.gone.forthnoun phrase · subjectהַ(the)צְּפִרָ֔הdoomclauseverbצָ֚ץit.has.blossomednoun phrase · subjectהַtheמַּטֶּ֔הrodclauseverbפָּרַ֖חit.has.buddednoun phrase · subjectהַ(the)זָּדֽוֹןpresumption

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text presents the verse as recorded, while the Septuagint matches 9 of the 10 words, indicating a close relationship between the two texts. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some editorial restoration, but the core message remains consistent with the Masoretic Text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

הִנֵּ֥ה הַיּ֖וֹם הִנֵּ֣ה בָאָ֑ה יָֽצְאָה֙ הַצְּפִרָ֔ה צָ֚ץ הַמַּטֶּ֔ה פָּרַ֖ח הַזָּדֽוֹן׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
הִנֵּ֥הἰδοὺהַיּ֖וֹםἡμέραבָאָ֑ה’’יָֽצְאָה֙’’הַצְּפִרָ֔ה’’צָ֚ץ’’הַמַּטֶּ֔הῥάβδοςפָּרַ֖חἤνθηκενהַזָּדֽוֹן׃ὕβρις

9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 11Q4a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[הנה] [היום] [הנה] [באה] [יצאה] [הצפרה] [צץ] [המטה] [פרח] [הזדון]

nothing on the leather here — 10 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ezekiel 7:10הִנֵּהthere!there!הִנֵּהיוֹםthe daythe dayיוֹםהִנֵּהthere!there!הִנֵּהבּוֹא[it is] com[it is] comingבּוֹאיָצָאit has goneit has gone forיָצָאצְפִירָהdoomdoomצְפִירָהצוּץit has blosit has blossomeצוּץמַטֶּהthe rodthe rodמַטֶּהפָּרַחit has buddit has buddedפָּרַחזָדוֹןarrogancearroganceזָדוֹןהֵןlook!look!הֵןנָטָהto stretchto stretchנָטָהזִידto boilto boilזִידצָפִירmale goatmale goatצָפִירנֶ֫גַעplagueplagueנֶ֫גַעחֲלוֹםdreamdreamחֲלוֹםשְׁבִיעִיseventhseventhשְׁבִיעִישַׁבָּתSabbathSabbathשַׁבָּתשֶׁ֫מֶשׁsunsunשֶׁ֫מֶשׁקָרָאto encountto encounter: mקָרָאגּוֹרָלallottedallottedגּוֹרָלבּוֹאLeboLeboבּוֹאצִיץflowerflowerצִיץעֵ֫שֶׂבvegetationvegetationעֵ֫שֶׂבנָשִׂיאleaderleaderנָשִׂיאצָרַ֫עַתleprosyleprosyצָרַ֫עַתנָשָׁאto deceiveto deceiveנָשָׁאשָׁכַןto dwellto dwellשָׁכַן
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 7:10

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

there! the day there! [it is] coming it has gone forth doom it has blossomed the rod it has budded arrogance
הִנֵּ֥הhi.Neh there! H2009 Particle
843× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is an expression that means 'behold' or 'look', often used to draw attention to something. It appears in Genesis and Isaiah, and is translated as 'behold' or 'lo' in the KJV.
Amplified meaning
look, see
Tyndale gloss
behold
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a Hebrew word meaning 'behold' or 'lo!' It serves as a demonstrative particle used to draw attention, appearing in contexts such as Genesis 19:2. The word is derived from a prolongation of another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage beyond this.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּה־ Gn 19:2, demonstr.part. lo!, behold!

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2009 הִנֵּה, הִנֶּה־ lo!, behold!

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2009 hinneh hin-nay'

prolongation for 2005; lo!:--behold, lo, see.

see HEBREW for 02005

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הִנֵּה (hin.neh) — behold.

behold, lo, see, if

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTj
there! the day there! [it is] coming it has gone forth doom it has blossomed the rod it has budded arrogance
הַיּ֖וֹםhai.Yom the day H3117 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
2,306× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Amplified meaning
a period of time, a season of judgment
Tyndale gloss
day
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יוֹם (yowm) means 'day' and refers to a division of time, contrasting with night. It can denote a literal 24-hour period, a general time span, or even a year. The term is used in various contexts, including the 'day of Yahweh,' which signifies a time of divine judgment. It also appears in phrases indicating temporal references like today, yesterday, and tomorrow.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יוֹם 2285 n.m. day

day, opp. night

Day as division of time

יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous

Pl. days of anyone

Days

יוֹם = time

Phrases

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3117 יוֹם day . day, opp. night

. Day as division of time

. יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous

. Pl. days of anyone

. Days

. יוֹם = time

. Phrases

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3117 yowm yome

from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm

hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one

sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by

an associated term), (often used adverb):--age, + always, +

chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to)

day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, +

(for) ever(-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as

(... live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually,

presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space,

then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble,

weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole

(+ age), (full) year(-ly), + younger.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יוֹם (yom) — day.

: day/when/time/period

1) day, time, year

1a) day (as opposed to night)

1b) day (24 hour period)

1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1

1b2) as a division of time

1b2a) a working day, a day's journey

1c) days, lifetime (pl.)

1d) time, period (general)

1e) year

1f) temporal references

1f1) today

1f2) yesterday

1f3) tomorrow

יוֹם (yom) — day: old.

: old/(full/many)[days]

1) day, time, year

1a) day (as opposed to night)

1b) day (24 hour period)

1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1

1b2) as a division of time

1b2a) a working day, a day's journey

1c) days, lifetime (pl.)

1d) time, period (general)

1e) year

1f) temporal references

1f1) today

1f2) yesterday

1f3) tomorrow

יוֹם (yom) — day: year.

: year[of_days]

1) day, time, year

1a) day (as opposed to night)

1b) day (24 hour period)

1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1

1b2) as a division of time

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

da (yom; hemera): This common word has caused some trouble to plain readers, because they have not noticed that the word is used in several different senses in the English Bible. When the different uses of the word are understood the difficulty of interpretation vanishes. We note several different uses of the word:

(1) It sometimes means the time from daylight till dark. This popular meaning is easily discovered by the context, e. g. Ge 1:5; 8:22, etc. The marked periods of this daytime were morning, noon and night, as with us. See Ps 55:17. The early hours were sometimes called "the cool of the day" (Ge 3:8). After the exile the day. or daytime was divided into twelve hours and the night into twelve (see

Day

The Jews reckoned the day from sunset to sunset (Lev. 23:32). It was originally divided into three parts (Ps. 55:17). “The heat of the day” (1 Sam. 11:11; Neh. 7:3) was at our nine o’clock, and “the cool of the day” just before sunset (Gen. 3:8). Before the Captivity the Jews divided the night into three watches, (1) from sunset to midnight (Lam. 2:19); (2) from midnight till the cock-crowing (Judg. 7:19); and (3) from the cock-crowing till sunrise (Ex.…

The variable length of the natural day at different seasons led in the very earliest times to the adoption of the civil day (or one revolution of the sun) as a standard of time. The Hebrews reckoned the day from evening to evening, (Leviticus 23:32) deriving it from (Genesis 1:5) "the evening and the morning were the first day." The Jews are supposed, like the modern Arabs, to have adopted from an early period minute specifications of the parts of the natural day. Roughly, indeed, they were content to divide it into "morning, evening and noonday," (Psalms 55:17) but when they wished for greater accuracy they pointed to six unequal parts, each of which was again subdivided. These are held to have been -- "the dawn." "Sunrise."…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The day is distinguished into natural, civil, and artificial. The natural day is one revolution of the earth on its axis. The civil day is that, the beginning and the end of which are determined by the custom of any nation. The Hebrews began their day in the evening, Le 23:32; the Babylonians at sunrise; and we begin at midnight. The artificial day is the time of the sun’s continuance above the horizon, which is unequal according to different seasons, on account of the obliquity of the equator. The sacred writers generally divide the day into twelve hours. The sixth hour always ends at noon throughout the year; and the twelfth hour is the last hour before sunset. But in summer, all the hours of the day were longer than in winter, while those of night were shorter. See HOURS, and THREE.

there! the day there! [it is] coming it has gone forth doom it has blossomed the rod it has budded arrogance
הִנֵּ֣הhi.Neh there! H2009 Particle
843× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is an expression that means 'behold' or 'look', often used to draw attention to something. It appears in Genesis and Isaiah, and is translated as 'behold' or 'lo' in the KJV.
Tyndale gloss
behold
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a Hebrew word meaning 'behold' or 'lo!' It serves as a demonstrative particle used to draw attention, appearing in contexts such as Genesis 19:2. The word is derived from a prolongation of another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage beyond this.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּה־ Gn 19:2, demonstr.part. lo!, behold!

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2009 הִנֵּה, הִנֶּה־ lo!, behold!

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2009 hinneh hin-nay'

prolongation for 2005; lo!:--behold, lo, see.

see HEBREW for 02005

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הִנֵּה (hin.neh) — behold.

behold, lo, see, if

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTj
there! the day there! [it is] coming it has gone forth doom it has blossomed the rod it has budded arrogance
בָאָ֑הva.'Ah [it is] coming H935 Verb · Qal · participle (active) feminine singular
2,573× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.
Amplified meaning
arrived, is present
Tyndale gloss
Lebo
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בּוֹא (bo) is a Hebrew verb meaning to come or go in, with a wide range of applications including entering, arriving, and bringing in. It can refer to both physical movement and abstract concepts like events coming to pass. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to come), Hiphil (to cause to come), and Hophal (to be brought). There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go

Qal

come in

come (approach, arrive)

go, i.e. walk, associate with

go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

Hiph.

cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

Hoph.

be brought in (of pers. and things)

be brought

be introduced, put

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H935 בּוֹא come in, come, go in, go .. come in

. come (approach, arrive)

. go, i.e. walk, associate with

. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

. . cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

. . be brought in (of pers. and things)

. be brought

. be introduced, put

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

935 bow' bo

a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of

applications):--abide, apply, attain, X be, befall, +

besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, X

certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out,

upon, to pass), depart, X doubtless again, + eat, + employ,

(cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be

fallen, fetch, + follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war),

grant, + have, X indeed, (in-)vade, lead, lift (up), mention,

pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, X (well) stricken

(in age), X surely, take (in), way.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): come.

: come/go_in

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

1a5) to go

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to lead in

1b2) to carry in

1b3) to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon

1b4) to bring to pass

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be brought, brought in

1c2) to be introduced, be put

לְב֥וֹא (bo) — Lebo-(Hamath).

This name means to go in, enter

Combined with cha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574)

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): towards.

: towards/entrance

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) feminine singular
HVqrfsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
there! the day there! [it is] coming it has gone forth doom it has blossomed the rod it has budded arrogance
יָֽצְאָה֙ya.tze.'Ah it has gone forth H3318 Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
1,067× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to go out or come out, and it's used in many different ways, like leaving a place or starting a new journey, as seen in Genesis and Exodus.
Amplified meaning
been issued, proclaimed
Tyndale gloss
to come out: come
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָצָא (yatsa') is a Hebrew verb meaning to go or come out, with various applications including departure, escape, and emergence. It can refer to both animate and inanimate subjects and emphasizes the idea of origin or source. The verb appears in different forms, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating actions like leading out or being brought forth.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָצָא 1068 vb. go or come out

Qal

go or come out or forth

from (מִן) a place

go forth from (the presence of) a person

in technical senses

of flight, involving escape

depart

of inanimate things

with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source

of children as going forth from loins (of father)

go forth to a place

go forward, proceed to or toward something

come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result

of combinations

Hiph.

cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.

bring out animals

inanimate obj.

fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)

Hoph. be brought forth

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3318 יָצָא go or come out .. go or come out or forth . from (מִן) a place

. go forth from (the presence of) a person

. in technical senses

. of flight, involving escape

. depart

. of inanimate things

. with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source

. of children as going forth from loins (of father)

. . go forth to a place

. go forward, proceed to or toward something

. come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result

. of combinations

. . cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

. fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.

. bring out animals

. inanimate obj.

. fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)

. be brought forth

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3318 yatsa' yaw-tsaw'

a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great

variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct

and proxim.:--X after, appear, X assuredly, bear out, X

begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come

(abroad, out, thereat, without), + be condemned,

depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact,

fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence,

out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out),

going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out,

lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, X

scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring

out, stand out, X still, X surely, take forth (out), at any

time, X to (and fro), utter.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: come.

: come/go_out/escape

1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart

1a2) to go forth (to a place)

1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)

1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)

1a5) to come out of

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

1b2) to bring out of

1b3) to lead out

1b4) to deliver

1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth

יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: send.

: send/take_out/release

1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart

1a2) to go forth (to a place)

1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)

1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)

1a5) to come out of

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

1b2) to bring out of

1b3) to lead out

1b4) to deliver

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
HVqp3fs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

forth: "Forth," adverb (from "for"), signifies movement

(1) forward,

(2) out of,

(3) beyond a certain boundary.

In a few instances in the Old Testament it is the translation of the preposition `al, properly "above," "upon" (2Ki 11:15; 2Ch 23:14; Am 7:17 the King James Version), and of chuts, "without" (Ge 39:13; Jud 19:25). "Forth" is often used as an expletive of various verbs, as "break (forth)," "bring (forth)," "call (forth)," etc. In the Gospel of John it is the translation of exo, "without," as "Lazarus, come forth" (11:43; so 15:6; 19:4 the King James Version…

there! the day there! [it is] coming it has gone forth doom it has blossomed the rod it has budded arrogance
הַצְּפִרָ֔הha.tze.fi.Rah doom H6843 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A diadem or crown is a symbol of royalty, as seen in the book of Esther where the king wears one.
Amplified meaning
destruction, the diadem of judgment
Tyndale gloss
diadem/doom
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word צְפִירָה (*tsphiyrah*) refers to a plait or chaplet, often associated with crowns such as a diadem or coronet. It is a feminine noun that can also imply a turn of affairs or mishap. The entries consistently highlight its connection to head adornments.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צְפִירָה n.f. plait, chaplet;—chaplet, coronet, diadem

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6843 צְפִירָה plait, chaplet;—chaplet, coronet, diadem

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6843 tsphiyrah tsef-ee-raw'

feminine formed like 6842; a crown (as encircling the head);

also a turn of affairs (i.e. mishap):--diadem, morning.

see HEBREW for 06842

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צְפִירָה (tse.phi.rah) — diadem/doom.

1) plait, chaplet, wreath, crown

1a) plait, coronet, diadem

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

doom: Occurs only once in the King James Version (2 Esdras 7:43), "The day of doom shall be the end of this time" (the Revised Version (British and American) "the day of judgment"); but the Revised Version (British and American) gives it as the rendering of tsephirah, in Eze 7:7,10 (the King James Version "the morning," the Revised Version, margin "the turn" or "the crowning time"; but the meaning is not yet quite certain); and in 1Co 4:9 (epithanatios, "as men doomed to death," the King James Version "appointed (originally "approved") unto death"). Our word "doom" is connected with the word "deem," and signifies either the act of judging or (far more often) the sentence itself or the condition resulting therefrom (compare "Deemster" of Isle of Man and Jersey). Generally, but not…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
there! the day there! [it is] coming it has gone forth doom it has blossomed the rod it has budded arrogance
צָ֚ץtzatz it has blossomed H6692 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
9× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To gaze means to look closely or glance at something. It can also mean to blossom or flourish, like a flower opening up. This word is used to describe something beautiful or attractive.
Amplified meaning
flourished, come into full expression
Tyndale gloss
to blossom
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צוּץ (tsuwts) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to blooming and shining. It can refer to blossoming or flourishing in a physical sense, as well as to gazing or glancing in a more figurative context. The entries indicate that it can be used in both the Qal and Hiphil forms, with specific references to shining and peeping, including a mention in Canticles 2:9.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צוּץ, צִיץ] vb. 1. blossom. 2. shine, sparkle

Qal

flourish.

shine, gleam

Hiph. it put forth blossoms

base

[צוּץ] vb. Hiph. gaze, peep;—Ct 2:9

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6692a צוּץ, צִיץ . blossom

. shine

H6692b צוּץ Hiph. gaze, peep

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6692 tsuwts tsoots

a primitive root; to twinkle, i.e. glance; by analogy, to

blossom (figuratively, flourish):--bloom, blossom, flourish,

shew self.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צוּץ (tsuts) — to blossom.

1) to blossom, shine, sparkle

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to flourish

1a2) to shine, gleam

1b) (Hiphil) to blossom, put forth blossoms, produce blossoms

צוּץ (tsuts) — to gaze.

(Hiphil) to gaze, peep, glance, make the eyes sparkle

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
there! the day there! [it is] coming it has gone forth doom it has blossomed the rod it has budded arrogance
הַמַּטֶּ֔הha.ma.Teh the rod H4294 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
252× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word can mean a tribe, like the 12 tribes of Israel, or a staff, like the one Moses used to lead his people in Exodus 4:2.
Amplified meaning
staff
Tyndale gloss
tribe
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַטֶּה (mat-teh) refers to a staff, rod, or branch, and can also denote a tribe. It is derived from a root meaning to extend, and its uses include both literal and figurative meanings, such as a support or a means of correction. The lexicons consistently highlight its association with leadership and community.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מַטֶּה 251 n.m.

staff, rod, shaft

branch

tribe

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4294 מַטֶּה . staff, rod, shaft

. branch

. tribe

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4294 matteh mat-teh'

or (feminine) mattah {mat-taw'}; from 5186; a branch (as

extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for

chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre),

throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a

support of life, e.g. bread):--rod, staff, tribe.

see HEBREW for 05186

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַטֶּה (mat.teh) — tribe: rod.

: rod/staff

1) staff, branch, tribe

1a) staff, rod, shaft

1b) branch (of vine)

1c) tribe

1c1) company led by chief with staff (originally)

מַטֶּה (mat.teh) — tribe.

: tribe

1) staff, branch, tribe

1a) staff, rod, shaft

1b) branch (of vine)

1c) tribe

1c1) company led by chief with staff (originally)

מַטֶּה (mat.teh) — tribe: arrow.

: arrow

1) staff, branch, tribe

1a) staff, rod, shaft

1b) branch (of vine)

1c) tribe

1c1) company led by chief with staff (originally)

מַטֶּה (mat.teh) — tribe: stick.

: stick

1) staff, branch, tribe

1a) staff, rod, shaft

1b) branch (of vine)

1c) tribe

1c1) company led by chief with staff (originally)

מַטֶּה (mat.teh) — tribe: supply.

: supply

1) staff, branch, tribe

1a) staff, rod, shaft

1b) branch (of vine)

1c) tribe

1c1) company led by chief with staff (originally)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(maqqel, maTTeh, shebheT; rhabdos): Little distinction can be drawn between the Hebrew words used for "rod" and "staff." Maqqel is the word used in Ge 30:37 ff for the twigs of poplar put by Jacob before his sheep, and in Jer 1:11 of the "rod of an almond-tree." MaTTeh is used of a rod in the hand, as the "rods" of Moses and of Aaron (Ex 4:2 ff; 7:9 , etc.). ShebheT is used, but sometimes also maTTeh, of the rod used for correction (Ex 21:20; 2Sa 7:14; Pr 10:13; 13:24; Isa 10:5, etc.). In

An offshoot from the trunk of a tree, Ge 30:37 Isa 11:1 Eze 37:15-22. It also denotes a staff, used by one walking, Isa 3:1 Eze 29:6; by a diviner, Ho 4:12; by a surveyor, Ps 74:2; by a shepherd, Le 27:32 Zec 11:10-14; as an instrument of correction, Pr 23:13 29:15; as a sceptre, Es 8:4

there! the day there! [it is] coming it has gone forth doom it has blossomed the rod it has budded arrogance
פָּרַ֖חpa.Rach it has budded H6524 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
36× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to fly or bloom, describing something that spreads out or flourishes. It can also mean to break forth like a bud or to grow abundantly. It's used to picture flourishing or spreading out.
Amplified meaning
sprouted, blossomed
Tyndale gloss
to sprout
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פָּרַח (*pa.rach*) is a primitive root that encompasses several meanings, primarily related to growth and emergence. It can mean to bud, sprout, or shoot, as well as to break out in the context of leprosy or similar eruptions. Additionally, it has a sense of flying, particularly in an Aramaic context. The entries highlight its use in various forms, including Qal and Hiphil.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פָּרַח vb. bud, sprout, shoot

Qal bud, sprout, send out shoots, of vine

Hiph.

cause to bud or sprout

shew buds, sprouts, of tree

base

פָּרַח vb. break out, of leprosy and like eruptions

base

[פָּרַח] vb. fly, Aramaism

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6524a פָּרַח bud, sprout, shoot H6524b פָּרַח break out, of leprosy and like eruptions H6524c פָּרַח fly, Aramaism

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6524 parach paw-rakh'

a primitive root; to break forth as a bud, i.e. bloom;

generally, to spread; specifically, to fly (as extending the

wings); figuratively, to flourish:--X abroad, X abundantly,

blossom, break forth (out), bud, flourish, make fly, grow,

spread, spring (up).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to sprout.

1) to bud, sprout, shoot, bloom

1a) (Qal) to bud, sprout, send out shoots, blossom

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to bud or sprout

1b2) to show buds or sprouts

פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to break out.

(Qal) to break out (of leprosy)

פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to fly.

(Qal) to fly (Aramaism)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
there! the day there! [it is] coming it has gone forth doom it has blossomed the rod it has budded arrogance
הַזָּדֽוֹן׃ha.za.Don arrogance H2087 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means arrogance or pride, describing an attitude of insolence. It is used to describe those who act with pride, like the proud man in the Bible. The KJV translates it as presumptuously or pride.
Amplified meaning
pride, insolence
Tyndale gloss
arrogance
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זָדוֹן (zadown) refers to concepts of insolence and presumptuousness, indicating a sense of arrogance or pride. It is derived from the root word meaning arrogance. The entries consistently highlight these themes without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זָדוֹן n.m. insolence, presumptuousness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2087 זָדוֹן insolence, presumptuousness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2087 zadown zaw-done'

from 2102; arrogance:--presumptuously, pride, proud (man).

see HEBREW for 02102

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זָדוֹן (za.don) — arrogance.

pride, insolence, presumptuousness, arrogance

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning 1Sa 2:3; Pr 8:13; Isa 13:11

→ See PRIDE

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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