Ezekiel 42:3 — Word Study
WLCנֶ֣גֶד הָֽעֶשְׂרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֶחָצֵ֣ר הַפְּנִימִ֔י וְנֶ֣גֶד רִֽצְפָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֶחָצֵ֣ר הַחִֽיצוֹנָ֑ה אַתִּ֥יק אֶל־ פְּנֵֽי־ אַתִּ֖יק בַּשְּׁלִשִֽׁים׃
BSAGalleryʼattûwq [a ledge or porch, a raised platform] facedpânîym galleryʼattûwq [in a parallel or corresponding position] in three levelsshᵉlîyshîy [stories or tiers, one above the other] oppositeneged [facing, before, or in front of] the twenty [cubits]ʻesrîym [a numerical value, a specific quantity, a unit of measurement, approximately 18 inches] thatʼăsher belonged to the innerpᵉnîymîy [interior, internal, or inward] courtchâtsêr [a courtyard or open space, an area enclosed by walls] and oppositeneged [facing, before, or in front of] the pavementritspâh [a decorative floor, a stone or tile surface] thatʼăsher belonged to the outerchîytsôwn [external, exterior, or outward] courtchâtsêr [a courtyard or open space, an area enclosed by walls]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| נֶ֣גֶד | before | Prep |
| הָֽעֶשְׂרִ֗ים | the twenty [cubits] | Particle |
| אֲשֶׁר֙ | which | Particle |
| לֶחָצֵ֣ר | [belonged] to the courtyard | Preposition, noun common both singular absolute |
| הַפְּנִימִ֔י | inner | Particle |
| וְנֶ֣גֶד | and before | Conjunction |
| רִֽצְפָ֔ה | [the] pavement | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| אֲשֶׁ֖ר | which | Particle |
| לֶחָצֵ֣ר | [belonged] to the courtyard | Preposition, noun common both singular absolute |
| הַחִֽיצוֹנָ֑ה | outer | Particle |
| אַתִּ֥יק | a gallery | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| אֶל־ | [was] to | Preposition |
| פְּנֵֽי־ | [the] face of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| אַתִּ֖יק | a gallery | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בַּשְּׁלִשִֽׁים׃ | in the thirds | Preposition |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Gallery faced gallery in three levels opposite the twenty cubits that belonged to the inner court and opposite the pavement that belonged to the outer court. |
| KJV | Over against the twenty cubits which were for the inner court, and over against the pavement which was for the utter court, was gallery against gallery in three stories. |
| ASV | Over against the twenty cubits which belonged to the inner court, and over against the pavement which belonged to the outer court, was gallery against gallery in the third story. |
| YLT | Over-against the twenty [cubits] that are to the inner court, and over-against the pavement that [is] to the outer court, [is] gallery over-against gallery, in the three [storeys]. |
| WEB | Opposite the twenty cubits which belonged to the inner court, and opposite the pavement which belonged to the outer court, was gallery against gallery in the three stories. |
| BBE | Opposite the space of twenty cubits which was part of the inner square, and opposite the stone floor of the outer square. There were covered ways facing one another on the third floor. |
All translations consistently render אַתִּ֥יק as 'gallery'.
The sentence structure emphasizes the galleries' arrangement and their relation to the surrounding spaces.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאַתִּיק
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 42:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Design of the Templegenerated
Ezekiel 42:3 describes the architectural features of the temple, focusing on the galleries that are arranged in tiers. This vision is part of a larger description of the temple's layout, which emphasizes order and divine design. The galleries are positioned opposite significant areas, illustrating the careful planning of sacred spaces, as seen throughout the chapters of Ezekiel dedicated to the temple's vision.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 41:10 | and the outer chambers was twenty cubits wide all around the temple. |
| 2 | Ezekiel 40:17–18 | Then he brought me into the outer court, and there were chambers and a pavement laid out all around the court. Thirty chambers faced the pavement, |
| 3 | 2 Chronicles 7:3 | When all the Israelites saw the fire coming down and the glory of the LORD above the temple, they bowed down on the pavement with their faces to the ground, and they worshiped and gave thanks to the LORD: “For He is good; His loving devotion endures forever.” |
| 4 | Ezekiel 41:15–16 | Next he measured the length of the building facing the temple courtyard at the rear of the temple, including its galleries on each side; it was a hundred cubits. The outer sanctuary, the inner sanctuary, and the porticoes facing the court, |
| 5 | Song of Solomon 1:17 |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אַתִּ֥יק, 'a.Tikgenerated
The word אַתִּיק (attiq) refers to a gallery or porch, indicating a raised platform in the architectural context of the temple. It appears in the Bible as a feature of buildings, particularly in sacred spaces, emphasizing the importance of structure and design in worship settings.
This term is derived from a root meaning to decrease, suggesting a ledge or offset, which is significant in the context of the temple's layout. The galleries serve not only a functional purpose but also enhance the aesthetic and spiritual experience of the temple.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree on the term gallery for אַתִּ֥יק, maintaining consistency in describing this architectural feature.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb in this verse is implied rather than explicit, as the structure primarily describes the arrangement of the galleries. The main clause outlines the galleries facing each other, and several prepositional phrases provide details about their positioning and relation to the inner and outer courts.
The overall structure highlights the parallel nature of the galleries, emphasizing their symmetrical arrangement in three levels, which is essential for understanding the temple's design.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates אַתִּ֥יק as στοαὶ (stoaí), which also means 'galleries' or 'porches.' This choice reflects a similar architectural concept, indicating that the translators recognized the importance of these structures in the temple's design.
This translation shows a continuity of meaning, as both the Hebrew and Greek terms relate to covered walkways or platforms.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 42:3 describes how galleries faced each other in three levels, opposite the twenty cubits of the inner court and the pavement of the outer court. This highlights the symmetrical design of the temple, emphasizing its structure and layout.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
In this verse, 'gallery' refers to a raised platform or ledge within the temple structure, designed for specific purposes.
The number twenty indicates a specific measurement, which helps to understand the dimensions of the inner court in relation to the galleries.
The three levels of galleries suggest a hierarchical structure, enhancing the visual and spatial experience of the temple.
The galleries are positioned opposite both the inner and outer courts, indicating their importance in the overall temple design.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does the design of the temple reflect the relationship between the sacred and the everyday?
- In what ways can architectural features enhance our understanding of worship spaces?
- What does the symmetry of the galleries suggest about the order of divine worship?
- How can we apply the principles of design and structure in our own places of gathering?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 42:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleOver against the twenty cubits which were for the inner court,.... Starckius thinks that the breadth of the chambers being fifty cubits, is here parted, and disposed of, and accounted for.
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 42 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryOver against the twenty cubits which were for the inner court, and over against the pavement which was for the utter court, was gallery against gallery in three stories. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 42 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe twenty cubits’ space of the inner court, or court of the temple, faced the south front of this row of chambers, their southern lights looked into this space, and to the north of the temple: The pavement, which was in the priests’ court, and on the north side of this building, into which pavement the north windows looked. Gallery against gallery; that is, a gallery on the south part toward the inner court, and a gallery toward the pavement northward, and between the backs of these galleries were chambers. In three stories; either in height, or else in three ranks, as now placed, two galleries on the sides, and a chamber in the midst; or two rows of chambers, and one long gallery in the…
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 42 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 42:3 Over against the twenty [cubits] which [were] for the inner court, and over against the pavement which [was] for the utter court, [was] gallery against gallery in three [stories].Ver. 3. Which were for the inner court,] viz., Of the temple. This was a figure of the Church invisible, as the outward court, described in this chapter, was of the visible and external. The pavement which was for the utter court.] Which might signify that those who would enter into heaven must keep themselves unspotted of the world, "undefiled in the way."
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 42 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) Over against the twenty.—See under Ezekiel 42:1. This was the space of twenty cubits (I [Ezekiel 40:44-49]) to the west of the western Temple chambers. The pavement.—There is but one pavement mentioned in the outer court, that which ran along the inside of the wall. The chamber in question was opposite to the pavement on the north side, as it was opposite to the separate place, &c., on the south—i.e., its length was parallel to both, or east and west. “Utter” again means outer.Gallery against gallery.—The expression is a difficult one in the original. “Against” is literally, unto the face of, or in front of, and stories is altogether wanting. The meaning seems to be that in each chamber…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 42 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. The breadth of the block having been mentioned in Ezekiel 42:2, Ezekiel 42:3 adds in what directions this breadth extended or lay on either hand (N. and S.), viz. towards the 20 cubits of the separate place (Fig. 3, H) on the S., and toward the pavement running round the wall of the outer court (Ezekiel 40:17) on the N. (cf. Ezekiel 42:1), Fig. 3, B. The term “gallery” is obscure, but here it seems to mean a passage running round the chambers, in front of them, and so taking away from their area. in three stories] More naturally: in the third story, lit. in the thirds, i.e. third chambers (Genesis 6:16). What is meant by “gallery over against gallery” is rather obscure. Most naturally…
Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 42 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThese “chambers” (compare Ezekiel 46:19) did not reach to the western wall; between it and them lay a court for cooking (M), probably forty cubits by thirty; such court with its approaches filled up
Read Albert Barnes on Ezekiel 42 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible1-3. Toy renders: “Then he took me out to the outer court on the north and thence led me to the chamber building which faced the temple court on the south and the hall building on the north.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 42 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Gallery faced gallery in three levels opposite the twenty cubits that belonged to the inner court and opposite the pavement that belonged to the outer court.
Opposite the twenty cubits which belonged to the inner court, and opposite the pavement which belonged to the outer court, was gallery against gallery in the three stories.
Gallery faced gallery in three levels opposite the twenty cubits that belonged to the inner court and opposite the pavement that belonged to the outer court.
Opposite the 35 feet that belonged to the inner court, and opposite the pavement which belonged to the outer court, gallery faced gallery in the three stories.
Tyndale line
Over against the twenty cubits which were for the inner court, and over against the pavement which was for the utter court, was gallery against gallery in three stories.
Over against the twenty cubits which belonged to the inner court, and over against the pavement which belonged to the outer court, was gallery against gallery in the third story.
Over against the twenty cubits which belonged to the inner court, and over against the pavement which belonged to the outer court, was gallery against gallery in the third story.
Over against the twenty cubits which were for the inner court, and over against the pavement which was for the outer court, was gallery against gallery in three stories .
Ouer against the twentie cubites which were for the inner court, and ouer against the pauement, which was for the vtter court, was chamber against chamber in three rowes.
Strictly literal
over against the twenty [cubits] that pertained to the inner court, and over against the pavement that pertained to the outer court; there was gallery against gallery in the third [story];
Over-against the twenty [cubits] that are to the inner court, and over-against the pavement that [is] to the outer court, [is] gallery over-against gallery, in the three [storeys].
Opposite the twenty [cubits] that are of the inner court, and opposite the pavement that [is] of the outer court, [is] gallery [with] face toward gallery, in the three [stories].
Opposite the twenty cubits which were for the inner court, and opposite the pavement which was for the outer court, was corner-pillar before corner-pillar in the three stories.
Some of those rooms faced the inner courtyard and were twenty cubits away from the sanctuary. There were three levels of rooms, and the ones above looked down on the ones below and were open to them, having a walkway. Some of the rooms looked out onto the outer courtyard.
From the Latin
Over against the twenty cubits of the inner court, and over against the pavement of the outward court that was paved with stone, where there was a gallery joined to a triple gallery.
Simplified
It had three floors of open halls on both sides, one facing the twenty-cubit area of the inner courtyard and one facing the pavement of the outer courtyard.
Opposite the space of twenty cubits which was part of the inner square, and opposite the stone floor of the outer square. There were covered ways facing one another on the third floor.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show significant agreement in the description of the galleries, with 9 of the 15 words matching. This indicates a consistent understanding of the architectural features described in both texts.
נֶ֣גֶד הָֽעֶשְׂרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֶחָצֵ֣ר הַפְּנִימִ֔י וְנֶ֣גֶד רִֽצְפָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֶחָצֵ֣ר הַחִֽיצוֹנָ֑ה אַתִּ֥יק אֶל־ פְּנֵֽי־ אַתִּ֖יק בַּשְּׁלִשִֽׁים׃
9 of the 15 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 42:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
נֶ֫גֶד (neged) refers to something that is conspicuous or in front, functioning as both a noun and an adverb. It denotes a position opposite or before someone, often used to indicate presence or visibility. The word can imply a counterpart or mate, and it appears in contexts emphasizing sight or proximity.
נֶ֫גֶד 151 subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to
base
H5048 נֶ֫גֶד subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to
5048 neged neh'-ghed
from 5046; a front, i.e. part opposite; specifically a
counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with
preposition) over against or before:--about, (over) against,
X aloof, X far (off), X from, over, presence, X other side,
sight, X to view.
see HEBREW for 05046
נֶ֫גֶד (ne.ged) — before.
subst
1) what is conspicuous, what is in front of
adv
2) in front of, straight forward, before, in sight of
3) in front of oneself, straightforward
4) before your face, in your view or purpose
with prep
5) what is in front of, corresponding to
6) in front of, before
7) in the sight or presence of
8) parallel to
9) over, for
10) in front, opposite
11) at a distance
prep
12) from the front of, away from
13) from before the eyes of, opposite to, at a distance from
14) from before, in front of
15) as far as the front of
Aramaic equivalent: ne.ged (נֶ֫גֶד "before" H5049)
Prep — PrepHAcmsc
be-for': The translation of a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. "Haran died before (the English Revised Version "in the presence of," literally "before the face of") his father Terah" (Ge 11:28). To be "before" God is to enjoy His favor (Ps 31:22). "The Syrians before" (Isa 9:12 the Revised Version, margin "on the east," as "behind," owing to the position of Canaan, relative to Syria, implies the west).
עֶשְׂרִים (esriym) means 'twenty' and can also refer to the ordinal 'twentieth.' It is derived from the root word for 'ten' and has an Aramaic equivalent, עֶשְׂרִין (es.rin). The entries consistently define the term without significant disagreement.
עֶשְׂרִים (a) twenty
base
H6242 עֶשְׂרִים (a) twenty
6242 `esriym es-reem'
from 6235; twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth:--(six-)score,
twenty(-ieth).
see HEBREW for 06235
עֶשְׂרִים (es.rim) — twenty.
twenty, twentieth
Aramaic equivalent: es.rin (עֶשְׂרִין "twenty" H6243)
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Acmpa
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
Rel — ParticleHTr
חָצֵר (chatser) refers to an enclosure or court, and can also mean a settled abode, settlement, or village, typically appearing in the plural form חֲצֵרִים. The word is derived from a root meaning to enclose, indicating spaces that are surrounded by walls or fences.
חָצֵר 145 n.m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court
base
[חָצֵר] 46 n.m. settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
base
H2691a חָצֵר n. m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court H2691b חָצֵר settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
2691 chatser khaw-tsare'
(masculine and feminine); from 2690 in its original sense; a
yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly
surrounded with walls):--court, tower, village.
see HEBREW for 02690
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — court.
1) court, enclosure
1a) enclosures
1b) court
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — village.
settled abode, settlement, village, town
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common both singular absoluteHRd/Ncbsa
פְּנִימִי (pniymiy) means 'inner' or 'interior.' It is derived from the root word פָּנָה (panah), which relates to being within or inward. The term is used to describe something that is located inside or inwardly directed.
פְּנִימִי 32 adj. inner
base
H6442 פְּנִימִי
6442 pniymiy pen-ee-mee'
from 6440; interior:--(with-)in(-ner, - ward).
see HEBREW for 06440
פְּנִימִי (pe.ni.mi) — inner.
inner
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aamsa
נֶ֫גֶד (neged) refers to something that is conspicuous or in front, functioning as both a noun and an adverb. It denotes a position opposite or before someone, often used to indicate presence or visibility. The word can imply a counterpart or mate, and it appears in contexts emphasizing sight or proximity.
נֶ֫גֶד 151 subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to
base
H5048 נֶ֫גֶד subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to
5048 neged neh'-ghed
from 5046; a front, i.e. part opposite; specifically a
counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with
preposition) over against or before:--about, (over) against,
X aloof, X far (off), X from, over, presence, X other side,
sight, X to view.
see HEBREW for 05046
נֶ֫גֶד (ne.ged) — before.
subst
1) what is conspicuous, what is in front of
adv
2) in front of, straight forward, before, in sight of
3) in front of oneself, straightforward
4) before your face, in your view or purpose
with prep
5) what is in front of, corresponding to
6) in front of, before
7) in the sight or presence of
8) parallel to
9) over, for
10) in front, opposite
11) at a distance
prep
12) from the front of, away from
13) from before the eyes of, opposite to, at a distance from
14) from before, in front of
15) as far as the front of
Aramaic equivalent: ne.ged (נֶ֫גֶד "before" H5049)
Conj | Prep — ConjunctionHC/Acmsc
be-for': The translation of a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. "Haran died before (the English Revised Version "in the presence of," literally "before the face of") his father Terah" (Ge 11:28). To be "before" God is to enjoy His favor (Ps 31:22). "The Syrians before" (Isa 9:12 the Revised Version, margin "on the east," as "behind," owing to the position of Canaan, relative to Syria, implies the west).
רִצְפָּה (ritspah) refers to both 'pavement' and 'glowing stone' or 'live coal.' It is derived from the root word for 'coal' (רֶצֶף, H7529). The entries indicate its use in contexts related to flooring or heated stones.
רִצְפָּה n.f. pavement
base
רִצְפָּה n.f. glowing stone (or coal)
base
H7531a רִצְפָּה pavement H7531b רִצְפָּה glowing stone (or coal)
7531 ritspah rits-paw'
feminine of 7529; a hot stone; also a tessellated
pavement:--live coal, pavement.
see HEBREW for 07529
רִצְפָּה (rits.pah) — pavement.
pavement
רִצְפָּה (rits.pah) — glowing stone.
glowing stone or coal, live coal
Also means: re.tseph (רֶצֶף "coal" H7529)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
pav'-ment: In the Old Testament, with the exception of 2Ki 16:17, the Hebrew word is ritspah (2Ch 7:3; Es 1:6; Eze 40:17, etc.); in Sirach 20:18 and Bel and the Dragon verse 19 the word is edaphos; in Joh 19:13, the name "The Pavement" (lithostrotos, "paved with stone") is given to the place outside the Pretorium on which Pilate sat to give judgment upon Jesus. Its Hebrew (Aramaic) equivalent is declared to be GABBATHA (which see). The identification of the place is uncertain.
Pavement
It was the custom of the Roman governors to erect their tribunals in open places, as the market-place, the circus, or even the highway. Pilate caused his seat of judgment to be set down in a place called “the Pavement” (John 19:13) i.e., a place paved with a mosaic of coloured stones. It was probably a place thus prepared in front of the “judgment hall.” (See GABBATHA.)
[GABBATHA]
See GABBATHA.
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
Rel — ParticleHTr
חָצֵר (chatser) refers to an enclosure or court, and can also mean a settled abode, settlement, or village, typically appearing in the plural form חֲצֵרִים. The word is derived from a root meaning to enclose, indicating spaces that are surrounded by walls or fences.
חָצֵר 145 n.m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court
base
[חָצֵר] 46 n.m. settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
base
H2691a חָצֵר n. m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court H2691b חָצֵר settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
2691 chatser khaw-tsare'
(masculine and feminine); from 2690 in its original sense; a
yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly
surrounded with walls):--court, tower, village.
see HEBREW for 02690
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — court.
1) court, enclosure
1a) enclosures
1b) court
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — village.
settled abode, settlement, village, town
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common both singular absoluteHRd/Ncbsa
חִיצוֹן (chiytsown) refers to something that is outer or external, derived from the root word for 'wall side.' It covers meanings related to the exterior or outward aspects, often in a secular context as opposed to sacred. The entries consistently emphasize its use in describing outer or external qualities.
חִיצוֹן adj. outer, external
base
H2435 חִיצוֹן
2435 chiytsown khee-tsone'
from 2434; properly, the (outer) wall side; hence, exterior;
figuratively, secular (as opposed to sacred):--outer, outward,
utter, without.
see HEBREW for 02434
חִיצוֹן (chi.tson) — outer.
outer, external, outward
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aafsa
out'-er: This adjective is used 12 times by Ezekiel of the outside court of the temple. In Matthew we find it 3 times (8:12; 22:13; 25:30) in "outer darkness" (to skotos to exoteron), which typifies the utter darkness of the doom of the lost.
אתוק (attuwq) refers to a gallery or porch, as noted in various lexicons. It is derived from the Hebrew root meaning to decrease, indicating a ledge or offset in a building. The term is closely related to אַתִּיק (at.tiq), which also means gallery or porch, showing a connection in usage. Both terms are mentioned in Ezekiel 41:15.
[אתוק] n.m. gallery, porch Ez 41:15
base
אַתִּיק n.m. id. [a.gp.ag]
base
H862a אתוק gallery, porch H862b אַתִּיק id.
862 'attuwq at-tooke'
or mattiyq {at-teek'}; from 5423 in the sense of decreasing;
a ledge or offset in a building:--gallery.
see HEBREW for 05423
אַתּוּק (at.tuq) — gallery.
gallery, porch
Another spelling of at.tiq (אַתִּיק "gallery" H0862B)
אַתִּיק (at.tiq) — gallery.
gallery, porch
Also means: at.tuq (אַתּוּק "gallery" H0862A)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
gal'-er-i:
(1) ('attuq, Kethibh; 'attik, used only in Eze 41:16; 42:3,1; etymology and meaning uncertain; among the more probable suggestions are "pillar," "column," "walk with pillars," "colonnades," "passageway," "porches," "galleries" of "terraces." Cornhill suggests the substitution of kiroth, "walls," to suit the context; others, e.g. Rothstein, would omit it as a dittography or other corruption): A long narrow balcony formed either by pillars or by the receding upper stories of a building. Both kinds are described in Ezekiel's vision of the Temple restored. They surround the three stories of side chambers around the Temple proper, and also the "building before the separate place which was at the back thereof," and the three-story structure containing rows of chambers in the outer court opposite the side-chambers of the Temple.…
Gallery
(1.) Heb. ‘attik (Ezek. 41:15, 16), a terrace; a projection; ledge.
(2.) Heb. rahit (Cant. 1:17), translated “rafters,” marg. “galleries;” probably panel-work or fretted ceiling.
an architectural term describing the porticos or verandas which are not uncommon in eastern houses. It is doubtful, however, whether the Hebrew words so translated have any reference to such an object. (According to the latest researches, the colonnade or else wainscoting is meant. (Solomon 1:17; Ezekiel 41:15) --Schaff.)
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
HR — PrepositionHR
The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.
[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces
face, faces
presence, person
technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
face of seraphim
face of animals
face (= surface) of ground
as adv.loc. before
for other phrases
with prepositions
base
H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces
. . presence, person
. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
. face of seraphim
. face of animals
. face (= surface) of ground
. as adv. loc. before
. for other phrases
. with prepositions
6440 paniym paw-neem'
plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh
{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);
used in a great variety of applications (literally and
figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a
preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),
against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),
+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,
face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er
time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +
honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +
meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,
open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,
presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right
forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,
X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.
: before/to/front
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.
: face
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…
N-cp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אתוק (attuwq) refers to a gallery or porch, as noted in various lexicons. It is derived from the Hebrew root meaning to decrease, indicating a ledge or offset in a building. The term is closely related to אַתִּיק (at.tiq), which also means gallery or porch, showing a connection in usage. Both terms are mentioned in Ezekiel 41:15.
[אתוק] n.m. gallery, porch Ez 41:15
base
אַתִּיק n.m. id. [a.gp.ag]
base
H862a אתוק gallery, porch H862b אַתִּיק id.
862 'attuwq at-tooke'
or mattiyq {at-teek'}; from 5423 in the sense of decreasing;
a ledge or offset in a building:--gallery.
see HEBREW for 05423
אַתּוּק (at.tuq) — gallery.
gallery, porch
Another spelling of at.tiq (אַתִּיק "gallery" H0862B)
אַתִּיק (at.tiq) — gallery.
gallery, porch
Also means: at.tuq (אַתּוּק "gallery" H0862A)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
gal'-er-i:
(1) ('attuq, Kethibh; 'attik, used only in Eze 41:16; 42:3,1; etymology and meaning uncertain; among the more probable suggestions are "pillar," "column," "walk with pillars," "colonnades," "passageway," "porches," "galleries" of "terraces." Cornhill suggests the substitution of kiroth, "walls," to suit the context; others, e.g. Rothstein, would omit it as a dittography or other corruption): A long narrow balcony formed either by pillars or by the receding upper stories of a building. Both kinds are described in Ezekiel's vision of the Temple restored. They surround the three stories of side chambers around the Temple proper, and also the "building before the separate place which was at the back thereof," and the three-story structure containing rows of chambers in the outer court opposite the side-chambers of the Temple.…
Gallery
(1.) Heb. ‘attik (Ezek. 41:15, 16), a terrace; a projection; ledge.
(2.) Heb. rahit (Cant. 1:17), translated “rafters,” marg. “galleries;” probably panel-work or fretted ceiling.
an architectural term describing the porticos or verandas which are not uncommon in eastern houses. It is doubtful, however, whether the Hebrew words so translated have any reference to such an object. (According to the latest researches, the colonnade or else wainscoting is meant. (Solomon 1:17; Ezekiel 41:15) --Schaff.)
שְׁלִישִׁי (shliyshiy) means 'third' and is used as an ordinal number. It can refer to a third part, time, or rank, and can also denote a third-story cell. The entries indicate its feminine form as שְׁלִישִׁית and note its relation to the number three.
שְׁלִישִׁי m. שְׁלִישִׁית f. adj.num.ord. 108 third
base
H7992 שְׁלִישִׁי, שְׁלִישִׁית third
7992 shliyshiy shel-ee-shee'
ordinal from 7969; third; feminine a third (part); by
extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a
third-story cell):--third (part, rank, time), three (years
old).
see HEBREW for 07969
שְׁלִישִׁי (she.li.shi) — third.
1) third, one third, third part, third time
1a) ordinal number
Prep | Adj — PrepositionHRd/Aompa