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Ezekiel 31:7 — Word Study

Depth

WLCוַיְּיִ֣ף בְּגָדְל֔וֹ בְּאֹ֖רֶךְ דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו כִּֽי־ הָיָ֥ה שָׁרְשׁ֖וֹ אֶל־ מַ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃

BSAIt was beautifulyâphâh [fair, majestic] in its greatnessgôdel [magnitude, magnificence] in the lengthʼôrek [extent, duration] of its limbsdâlîyâh [branches, shoots] forkîy its rootssheresh [foundation, source] extendedhâyâh toʼêl abundantrab [many, plentiful] watersmayim [a source of refreshment, spiritual nourishment]

Word
Listen & take awayEzekiel 31
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 7 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ra.Bim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ezekiel 31:7quick helps
In a sentenceEzekiel describes a magnificent tree, noting its beauty, size, and the richness of its roots.
Who is speakingEzekiel, a prophet of God, conveying a vision.
Where we areIn a poetic description of a great tree, part of a larger metaphor.
The hard wordוַיְּיִ֣ף
Take awayThe tree's beauty and strength are highlighted alongside its deep roots.
5 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbוְ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ezekiel 31:7

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Greatness of the Treegenerated

6All the birds of the air nested in its branches, and all the beasts of the field gave birth beneath its boughs; all the great nations lived in its shade.
7It was beautiful in its greatness, in the length of its limbs, for its roots extended to abundant waters.
8The cedars in the garden of God could not rival it; the cypresses could not compare with its branches, nor the plane trees match its boughs. No tree in the garden of God could compare with its beauty.
9I made it beautiful with its many branches, the envy of all the trees of Eden, which were in the garden of God.’

Ezekiel 31:7 describes a tree that stands out for its beauty and size, symbolizing strength and majesty. This imagery is part of a larger metaphor about nations and their pride, with the tree representing a powerful entity that flourishes in abundance, nourished by its roots in plentiful waters.


Cross References


The Key Word וַיְּיִ֣ף, vai.ye.Yifgenerated

The verb יָפָה (yaphah) means to be beautiful, capturing the essence of brightness and attractiveness. In this context, it emphasizes the tree's striking appearance, suggesting it is not just physically appealing but also majestic in its stature.

The use of the verb in the sequential imperfect form indicates an ongoing state of beauty, reinforcing that this tree is continually recognized for its magnificence. The beauty described here is not merely superficial but encompasses grandeur and significance.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has beautiful, which is echoed in the KJV and ASV, both of which maintain the sense of aesthetic appeal.

Where others part company with the BSB is in the rendering of רַבִּֽים. The BSB and KJV use many, while the NETB opts for plentiful, reflecting a slight variation in nuance but not in meaning.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb וַיְּיִ֣ף governs the sentence, with several phrases elaborating on its attributes. The structure emphasizes the tree's beauty, greatness, length of limbs, and the depth of its roots, creating a vivid image of its grandeur.

The prepositional phrases that follow the main verb provide additional details about the tree's characteristics, with each phrase contributing to the overall portrayal of its magnificence and the richness of its environment.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates וַיְּיִ֣ף as καὶ (kai), which means 'and'. This choice maintains the continuity of thought, linking the beauty of the tree directly to its greatness.

The Greek rendering captures the essence of the Hebrew but does not elaborate on the beauty as richly, suggesting a more straightforward presentation of the tree's attributes.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ezekiel 31:7 describes a tree that is beautiful and great, with long branches and deep roots reaching to abundant waters. This imagery illustrates the tree's strength and the richness of its environment.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the tree symbolize in this passage?

The tree symbolizes a powerful nation or entity, showcasing its beauty, strength, and the richness that supports it.

Why is the beauty of the tree emphasized?

The emphasis on beauty highlights the significance and majesty of the tree, representing the pride and greatness of the nation it symbolizes.

What do the abundant waters represent?

The abundant waters symbolize the resources and nourishment that sustain the tree, reflecting the prosperity and support of the nation.

How does this verse connect to the overall theme of Ezekiel?

This verse connects to Ezekiel's themes of judgment and restoration, illustrating how nations can rise in beauty and strength but also face downfall.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see beauty and strength in my own life or community?
  2. How can I cultivate deeper roots in my faith to draw from abundant spiritual nourishment?
  3. What does it mean to me to be a source of beauty and strength for others?
  4. How do I respond to the pride and greatness in my own life, and how can I remain humble?

Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 31:7 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Thus was he fair in his greatness,.... Amiable, lovely, delightful to look upon in the greatness of his majesty, in his royal glory and dignity: in the length of his branches; in the extent of his

Read John Gill on Ezekiel 31 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters. No JFB commentary on this verse.

Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 31 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Fair; beautiful, lovely, and desirable. In his greatness; not exerted in tyranny and oppression, but exercised in the royal art of imitating the greatest and best being who is King over all, for he doth good to all. In the length of his branches; how far soever remote, yet the justice and goodness of the government appeared the beauty of those provinces, as well as of the whole kingdom. His root, whence he sprung, which supported and supplied the kingdom, was right, the laws, punishments, rewards, and encouragements neither founded in cruelty, nor maintained by violence. By great waters; not by blood, which is no proper kindly nourishment for such cedars, but by waters, which are kindly and…

Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 31 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Ezekiel 31:7 Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters.Ver. 7. Thus was he fair in his greatness] Once again he setteth forth with how great power and glory God had adorned this first monarchy.

Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 31 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

Ch. 31 Pharaoh under the figure of a great cedar cut down and flung upon the ground The passage has three parts: (1) Ezekiel 31:1-9. Pharaoh, the impersonation of the spirit and might of Egypt, was a lofty cedar, with spreading branches, and its top in the clouds. All the fowls lodged in the branches, and all the beasts brought forth their young under it. Its waters nourished it and made it great. The trees in the garden of God did not equal it; all the trees of Eden envied it. (2) Ezekiel 31:10-14. The great tree shall be cut down by the mighty one of the nations, and thrown upon the ground. Its bulk shall fill the mountains and valleys of the land. All the nations shall depart from under…

Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 31 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

It was beautiful in its greatness, in the length of its limbs, for its roots extended to abundant waters.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Thus it was beautiful in its greatness, in the length of its branches; for its root was by many waters.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

It was beautiful in its greatness, in the length of its limbs, for its roots extended to abundant waters.

NETBNew English Translation2006

It was beautiful in its loftiness, in the length of its branches; for its roots went down deep to plentiful waters.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Thus was it fair in its greatness, in the length of its branches; for its root was by many waters.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by many waters.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Thus was he faire in his greatnesse, and in the length of his branches: for his roote was neere great waters.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: because his root was by great waters.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And he is fair in his greatness, In the length of his thin shoots, For his root hath been by great waters.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And he is beautiful in his greatness, || In the length of his thin shoots, || For his root has been by great waters.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And it was beautiful in its greatness, in the length of its light branches; for its root was by many waters.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

For it was beautiful in its greatness and the length of its branches, for its roots were in many waters.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And he was most beautiful for his greatness, and for the spreading of his branches: for his root was near great waters.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

It was beautiful and majestic with its long branches, because its roots reached down to the plentiful water.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

So it was beautiful, being so tall and its branches so long, for its root was by great waters.

Word by word, the decisions they made

רַבִּֽים׃ra.Bim many H7227 2 different renderings
manyASV ILT RVA ULB WEB
plentifulFBV NETB

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbיְּיִ֣ףit.was.beautifulprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseבְּinnoun phraseגָדְל֔greatnessוֹitsprepositional phraseבְּinnoun phraseאֹ֖רֶךְthe.lengthnoun phraseדָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יits.branchesוhisכִּֽי(dm)clauseverbהָיָ֥הit.wasnoun phrase · subjectשָׁרְשׁ֖rootוֹitsprepositional phrase · prepositionalאֶלtonoun phraseמַ֥יִםwatersרַבִּֽיםmany

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely, with 9 of the 10 words matched. This indicates a strong consistency in the depiction of the tree's beauty and attributes across these ancient texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיְּיִ֣ף בְּגָדְל֔וֹ בְּאֹ֖רֶךְ דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו כִּֽי־ הָיָ֥ה שָׁרְשׁ֖וֹ אֶל־ מַ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיְּיִ֣ףκαὶבְּגָדְל֔וֹαὐτοῦדָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יוαὐτοῦכִּֽי־ὅτιהָיָ֥הἐγενήθησανשָׁרְשׁ֖וֹαὐτοῦאֶל־εἰςמַ֥יִםὕδωρרַבִּֽים׃πολύ

9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ezekiel 31:7יָפָהand it was and it was beauיָפָהגֹּ֫דֶלin greatnesin greatness itגֹּ֫דֶלאֹ֫רֶךְin [the] lein [the] lengthאֹ֫רֶךְדָּלִיּוֹתbranches itbranches itsדָּלִיּוֹתכִּיforforכִּיהָיָהit wasit wasהָיָהשֹׁ֫רֶשׁroot itsroot itsשֹׁ֫רֶשׁאֶלtotoאֶלמַיwaterswatersמַירַבmanymanyרַבגָּדַלto magnifyto magnifyגָּדַלאָרַךְto prolongto prolongאָרַךְדָּלָהto draw (uto draw (up/outדָּלָהשָׁרַשׁto uprootto uprootשָׁרַשׁרָבַבto multiplto multiplyרָבַבהָוָאto fallto fallהָוָאמְאֹדmuchmuchמְאֹדמָהwhat?what?מָהדָּמָהto resemblto resembleדָּמָהחָזָקstrongstrongחָזָקרֹ֫חַבwidthwidthרֹ֫חַבאַמָּהcubitcubitאַמָּהשֹׁ֫רֶשׁrootrootשֹׁ֫רֶשׁרֹבabundanceabundanceרֹביָדַעto knowto knowיָדַעדָּלִיּוֹתbranchbranchדָּלִיּוֹתפְּרִיfruitfruitפְּרִיפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַל
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 31:7

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and it was beautiful in greatness its in [the] length of branches its for it was root its to waters many
וַיְּיִ֣ףvai.ye.Yif and it was beautiful H3302 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To be beautiful in the Bible means to be bright and handsome, as seen in the story of Esther, who was chosen for her beauty. The term is also used to describe the beauty of nature and the beauty of God's creation.
Amplified meaning
fair, majestic
Tyndale gloss
be beautiful
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָפָה (yaphah) is a Hebrew verb that means to be bright or beautiful. It encompasses various forms, including Qal (to be beautiful), Piel (to beautify), and Hithpael (to beautify oneself). The entries suggest a focus on beauty and brightness, with applications in both personal appearance and the adornment of objects.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[יָפָה] vb. be fair, beautiful

Qal be beautiful

Pi. beautify an idol

Hithp. beautify thyself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3302 יָפָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3302 yaphah yaw-faw'

a primitive root; properly, to be bright, i.e. (by

implication) beautiful:--be beautiful, be (make self)

fair(-r), deck.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָפָה (ya.phah) — be beautiful.

1) to be bright, be beautiful, be handsome, be fair

1a) (Qal) to be beautiful

1b) (Piel) to beautify

1c) (Pual) to be beautiful

1d) (Hithpael) to beautify oneself

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqw3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it was beautiful in greatness its in [the] length of branches its for it was root its to waters many
בְּגָדְל֔וֹbe.ga.de.Lo in greatness its H1433 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
13× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to greatness or magnitude, and can also describe something as magnificent or proud. However, it can also have a negative meaning, describing pride or insolence. It is used in the Bible to describe powerful things.
Amplified meaning
magnitude, magnificence
Tyndale gloss
greatness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גֹּ֫דֶל (godel) means greatness or magnitude, and can also refer to magnificence. It has a negative connotation when used to denote pride or insolence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be great, indicating both literal and figurative senses of size or importance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גֹּ֫דֶל n.m. greatness

greatness, magnitude

magnificence

in bad sense, = pride, insolence of heart

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1433 גֹּ֫דֶל greatness . greatness, magnitude

. magnificence

. in bad sense, = pride, insolence of heart

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1433 godel go'-del

from 1431; magnitude (literally or figuratively):--

greatness, stout(-ness).

see HEBREW for 01431

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גֹּ֫דֶל (go.del) — greatness.

1) greatness

1a) greatness, magnitude

1b) magnificence

1c) pride, insolence (bad sense)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it was beautiful in greatness its in [the] length of branches its for it was root its to waters many
בְּאֹ֖רֶךְbe.'O.rekh in [the] length of H753 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
95× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Length can refer to physical distance or a long period of time, and also to patience and self-restraint, like waiting forever for something to happen.
Amplified meaning
extent, duration
Tyndale gloss
length
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֹ֫רֶךְ (orek) means 'length' and can refer to physical length or duration of time. It also encompasses concepts of forbearance and self-restraint, particularly in the context of patience. The word is derived from a root associated with the idea of length, as noted in Strong's entries.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֹ֫רֶךְ 94 n.[m.] length

length

of time

forbearance, self-restraint

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H753 אֹ֫רֶךְ length

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

753 'orek o'rek'

from 748; length:--+ forever, length, long.

see HEBREW for 0748

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֹ֫רֶךְ (o.rekh) — length.

1) length

1a) physical length

1b) of time

2) forbearance, self-restraint (of patience)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and it was beautiful in greatness its in [the] length of branches its for it was root its to waters many
דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יוda.li.yo.Tav branches its H1808 Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A branch refers to a part of a tree, like an olive or vine. In the Bible, it symbolizes Israel. The word is used to describe something that is dangling or hanging.
Amplified meaning
branches, shoots
Tyndale gloss
branch
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָּלִיּוֹת (daliyot) refers to branches or boughs, particularly in a figurative sense related to Israel, often associated with trees like the olive or vine. It is derived from the root word for something that dangles, indicating a physical characteristic of branches.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[דָּלִיּוֹת] pl. of [דָּלִית] n.f. branch, bough

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1808 דָּלִיּוֹת, דָּלִית, דָּלִיָּה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1808 daliyah daw-lee-yaw'

from 1802; something dangling, i.e. a bough:--branch.

see HEBREW for 01802

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָּלִיּוֹת (da.liy.yah) — branch.

1) branch, bough

1a) of Israel (fig.) (used with olive tree, vine, cedar tree)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HNcfpc/Sp3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it was beautiful in greatness its in [the] length of branches its for it was root its to waters many
כִּֽי־ki- for H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj — Particle
HTc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.

In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it was beautiful in greatness its in [the] length of branches its for it was root its to waters many
הָיָ֥הha.Yah it was H1961 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
and it was beautiful in greatness its in [the] length of branches its for it was root its to waters many
שָׁרְשׁ֖וֹsha.re.Sho root its H8328 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
33× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A root is the underground part of a plant. In the Bible, it can also mean a source or foundation, like in the book of Job.
Amplified meaning
foundation, source
Tyndale gloss
root
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ (*sheresh*) means 'root' and can refer to both literal roots and metaphorical uses, such as a foundation or source of something. It is associated with concepts of depth and permanence. The word is derived from a related term, שָׁרַשׁ (*sharash*, H8327), which also pertains to roots.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ n.m. root

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8328 שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ root

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8328 sheresh sheh'-resh

from 8327; a root (literally or figuratively):--bottom,

deep, heel, root.

see HEBREW for 08327

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ (she.resh) — root.

1) root

1a) root (literal)

1b) root (of people involving firmness or permanence) (fig)

1c) root, bottom (as lowest stratum) (fig)

Aramaic equivalent: sho.resh (שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ "root" H8330)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3ms
and it was beautiful in greatness its in [the] length of branches its for it was root its to waters many
אֶל־'el- to H413 Preposition
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and it was beautiful in greatness its in [the] length of branches its for it was root its to waters many
מַ֥יִםMa.yim waters H4325 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
581× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means water, referring to a liquid or a source of refreshment. It appears in the Bible as a literal and figurative term, including references to wasting or urine. The word is used in various contexts, such as in Genesis and Leviticus.
Amplified meaning
a source of refreshment, spiritual nourishment
Tyndale gloss
Water (Gate)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4325 mayim mah'-yim

dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+

piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַי (ma.yim) — water.

1) water, waters

1a) water

1b) water of the feet, urine

1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)

מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).

This name means water, refreshment

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wo'-terz (mayim, plural of may, "water"; in the New Testament hudor, "water"; kindunois potamon (2Co 11:26), the King James Version "perils of waters," is in the Revised Version (British and American) "perils of rivers"): In the New Testament there is frequent reference to the water of baptism. Pilate washes his hands with water to signify his guiltlessness. Jesus tells the Samaritan woman of the living water. The Lamb shall guide the redeemed unto fountains of waters of life.

The uses of mayim are well classified in BDB, especially the figurative references, as follows: a symbol of distress, "when thou passest through the waters" (Isa 43:2); of force, "like the breach of waters" (2Sa 5:20); of that which is overwhelming, "a…

and it was beautiful in greatness its in [the] length of branches its for it was root its to waters many
רַבִּֽים׃ra.Bim many H7227 Adj
454× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a chief or captain, someone in charge. It is used in 2 Samuel 23:19 to describe a great and powerful man. The idea is one of leadership and authority.
Amplified meaning
many, plentiful
Tyndale gloss
many
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רַב (rav) means much, many, or great, often used in contrast to מְעַט (me'at). It can describe abundance in quantity or rank and is also used as a noun for chief or captain. The word conveys a range of meanings from numerous to exceedingly, and it can function as both an adjective and a noun.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רַב 429 adj. much, many, great

(oft. opp. מְעַט)

much: of substances

esp. of collectives, numerous

pl. many

רַב as subst. coll. pers.

cstr. = abounding in

מִן comp. = more numerous than

רַב = abundant, enough

as adv. much, exceedingly

less oft. great

base

רַב 49 n.m. chief

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7227a רַב much, many, great . (oft. opp. מְעַט) . . much: of substances

. esp. of collectives, numerous

. pl. many

. רַב as subst. coll. pers.

. cstr. = abounding in

. + מִן comp. = more numerous than

. רַב = abundant, enough

. as adv. much, exceedingly

. less oft. great

H7227b רַב chief

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7227 rab rab

by contracted from 7231; abundant (in quantity, size, age,

number, rank, quality):--(in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly),

captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man,

one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold,

things, a time), ((ship-))master, mighty, more, (too, very)

much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous,

populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).

see HEBREW for 07231

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רַב (rav) — many.

adj

1) much, many, great

1a) much

1b) many

1c) abounding in

1d) more numerous than

1e) abundant, enough

1f) great

1g) strong

1h) greater than

adv

1i) much, exceedingly

רַב (rav) — chief.

captain, chief

Aramaic equivalent: rav.re.van (רַבְרְבָן "noble" H7261)

רַב (rav) — (Sidon) the Great.

Combined with tsi.don (צִידוֹן "Sidon" H6721H)

§ captain, chief

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAampa
English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

MANY, adjective men'ny.

1. Numerous; comprising a great number of individuals.

Thou shalt be a father of many nations. Genesis 17:4.

Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called. 1 Corinthians 1:26.

MANY are the afflictions of the righteous. Psalms 34:12.

It is often preceded by as or so, and followed by so, indicating an equal number.

As many books as you take, so many shall be charged to your account.

So many laws argue so many sins.

It is followed by as.

As many as were willing-hearted brought bracelets. Exodus 34:1.

It precedes an or a, before a noun in the singular number.

Full many a gem of purest ray serene.

2. In low language, preceded by too, it denotes powerful or much; as, they are too many for us.

MANY, noun men'ny. A multitude; a great number of individuals; the people.

O thou fond many

The vulgar and the many are fit only to be led or driven.

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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