Ezekiel 12:18 — Word Study
WLCבֶּן־ אָדָ֕ם לַחְמְךָ֖ בְּרַ֣עַשׁ תֹּאכֵ֑ל וּמֵימֶ֕יךָ בְּרָגְזָ֥ה וּבִדְאָגָ֖ה תִּשְׁתֶּֽה׃
BSASonbên [descendant, human] of manʼâdâm [the first human, Adam] eatʼâkal▸ [devour, consume] your breadlechem [food, grain] with tremblingraʻash [quaking, shaking] and drinkshâthâh▸ [imbibe, feast on] your watermayim [liquid, refreshment] with quiveringrogzâh△ [trembling, fearfulness] and anxietydᵉʼâgâh [care, worry]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בֶּן־ | O son of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אָדָ֕ם | humankind | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לַחְמְךָ֖ | food your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| בְּרַ֣עַשׁ | in quaking | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| תֹּאכֵ֑ל | you will eat | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine singular |
| וּמֵימֶ֕יךָ | and water your | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| בְּרָגְזָ֥ה | in trembling | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וּבִדְאָגָ֖ה | and in anxiety | Conjunction, preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| תִּשְׁתֶּֽה׃ | you will drink | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | “Son of man, eat your bread with trembling, and drink your water with quivering and anxiety. |
| KJV | Son of man, eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling and with carefulness; |
| ASV | Son of man, eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling and with fearfulness; |
| YLT | 'Son of man, thy bread in haste thou dost eat, and thy water with trembling and with fear thou dost drink; |
| WEB | “Son of man, eat your bread with quaking, and drink your water with trembling and with fearfulness. |
| BBE | Son of man, take your food with shaking fear, and your water with trouble and care; |
Where they part company is in the emotional descriptors used for eating and drinking — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has two main actions, each followed by descriptions of how they are to be performed, emphasizing the emotional state involved.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbאָכַל
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 9 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 12:18
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Ezekiel's Prophetic Actionsgenerated
Ezekiel 12:18 presents a command from God to Ezekiel, instructing him to consume his food and drink in a manner that reflects the anxiety and trembling that the people of Israel will experience due to impending judgment. This act serves as a vivid symbol of the distress that will characterize their lives as they face the consequences of their actions, echoing themes found throughout the prophetic literature.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 4:16–17 | Then He told me, “Son of man, I am going to cut off the supply of food in Jerusalem. They will anxiously eat bread rationed by weight, and in despair they will drink water by measure. |
| 2 | Ezekiel 23:33 | You will be filled with drunkenness and grief, with a cup of devastation and desolation, the cup of your sister Samaria. |
| 3 | Leviticus 26:26–36 | When I cut off your supply of bread, ten women will bake your bread in a single oven and dole out your bread by weight, so that you will eat but not be satisfied. |
| 4 | Deuteronomy 28:48–65 | you will serve your enemies the LORD will send against you in famine, thirst, nakedness, and destitution. He will place an iron yoke on your neck until He has destroyed you. |
| 5 | Job 3:24 | I sigh when food is put before me, and my groans pour out like water. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — בֵּן, ben-generated
The word בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'descendant' and refers to a familial relationship. In this context, it emphasizes Ezekiel's humanity and his role as a representative of the people.
As a masculine singular construct, it connects to אָדָם (adam), which signifies 'humankind' or 'the first human, Adam'. This connection underscores the shared human experience of distress and the divine message being conveyed through Ezekiel.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses trembling and anxiety to convey the emotional state of eating and drinking.
Sentence Structuregenerated
Two finite verbs govern the verse: תֹּאכֵ֑ל (you will eat) and תִּשְׁתֶּֽה (you will drink). The structure emphasizes the actions that Ezekiel must take, framed by prepositional phrases that describe the manner in which these actions are to be performed.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the emotional conditions surrounding the acts of eating and drinking, highlighting the gravity of the situation.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates בֶּן as υἱὲ (son), maintaining the familial connection. The Greek word ὀδύνης for 'quaking' suggests a similar emotional state, aligning closely with the Hebrew intent.
This choice reflects a consistent understanding of the text's emotional weight, emphasizing the distress associated with the prophetic actions.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 12:18 shows God telling Ezekiel to eat and drink in a way that reflects fear and anxiety. This command symbolizes the distress that the people of Israel will face because of their actions, serving as a warning of the coming judgment.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Eating with trembling signifies the emotional turmoil and fear that the people of Israel will experience due to impending judgment.
This title emphasizes Ezekiel's humanity and his role as a representative of the people in conveying God's message.
This verse reflects common themes in prophetic literature, where actions symbolize deeper spiritual truths and the consequences of disobedience.
Drinking with anxiety highlights the emotional state of the people, indicating their fear and concern for the future as they face judgment.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I experience anxiety in my own life, and how can I turn to God in those moments?
- How can I better understand the emotional weight of prophetic messages in Scripture?
- What actions can I take to symbolize my trust in God during difficult times?
- How does recognizing my humanity help me relate to the messages of the prophets?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 12:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleSon of man, eat thy bread with quaking,.... As one in surprise or fear, or that has got an ague upon him: and drink thy water with trembling and with carefulness; fearing want of it, or as
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 12 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentarySon of man, eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling and with carefulness; Eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 12 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleWith quaking; with commotion or shakings, as one whose apprehension of danger brings as it were an earthquake upon him; and this trembling is the same thing, but in other words. Thy water: here is no mention of delicious and generous wines, but water; so low should they be reduced, and yet not enjoy this very little, because of the great inward fears that shake them.
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 12 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 12:18 Son of man, eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling and with carefulness;Ver. 18. Eat thy bread with quaking.] With tumult and trepidation, as a frightened and perplexed person that eateth his bread in peril of his life.
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 12 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(18) Eat thy bread with quaking.—This is another symbolical action, the meaning of which is immediately explained. The prophet is to eat and drink as men in the terror and distress of a siege.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 12 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 18. Eat thy bread with quaking] Assume the manner of a person who is every moment afraid of his life, who has nothing but a morsel of bread to eat, and a little water to drink. Thus signifying the siege, and the straits to which they should be reduced. See this explained, Ezekiel 12:19.
Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 12 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges18. It is obvious that this symbol could not have been actually performed. Cf. ch. Ezekiel 4:16.
Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 12 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHere the sign is the exhibition of such terror as the danger of a siege creates.
Read Albert Barnes on Ezekiel 12 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
“Son of man, eat your bread with trembling, and drink your water with quivering and anxiety.
“Son of man, eat your bread with quaking, and drink your water with trembling and with fearfulness.
“Son of man, eat your bread with trembling, and drink your water with quivering and anxiety.
“Son of man, eat your bread with trembling, and drink your water with anxious shaking.
Tyndale line
Son of man, eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling and with carefulness;
Son of man, eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling and with fearfulness;
Son of man, eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling and with carefulness;
Son of man, eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling and with solicitude.
Sonne of man, eate thy bread with trembling and drinke thy water with trouble, and with carefulnesse,
Strictly literal
Son of man, eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling and with anxiety;
'Son of man, thy bread in haste thou dost eat, and thy water with trembling and with fear thou dost drink;
“Son of man, eat your bread in haste, and drink your water with trembling and with fear;
Son of man, thy bread shalt thou eat with quaking, and thy water shalt thou drink with trembling and with anxious care.
“Son of man, eat your bread with trembling, and drink your water with shaking and worry.
From the Latin
Son of man, eat thy bread in trouble: and drink thy water in hurry and sorrow.
Simplified
“Son of man, tremble as you eat your bread; shake with worry as you drink your water.
Son of man, take your food with shaking fear, and your water with trouble and care;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of Ezekiel 12:18. Both texts convey the same core message, demonstrating the consistency of the prophetic instruction.
בֶּן־ אָדָ֕ם לַחְמְךָ֖ בְּרַ֣עַשׁ תֹּאכֵ֑ל וּמֵימֶ֕יךָ בְּרָגְזָ֥ה וּבִדְאָגָ֖ה תִּשְׁתֶּֽה׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 12:18
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אָדָם (adam) refers to 'man' or 'mankind,' encompassing both individual humans and the species as a whole. It is also the name of the first man in the Bible, Adam, who is mentioned in various verses, including Genesis 2:19. The term can denote a city in the Jordan valley as well. The entries indicate a range of meanings, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
אָדָם 560 n.m. Gn 1:27 man, mankind
a man = human being
coll. man, mankind
n.pr.m. Adam, first man (without art.)
n.pr.loc. city in Jordan valley (as built?)
base
H120 אָדָם man, mankind . a man = human being
. coll. man, mankind
120 'adam aw-dawm'
from 119; ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the
species, mankind, etc.):--X another, + hypocrite, + common
sort, X low, man (mean, of low degree), person.
see HEBREW for 0119
אָדָם (a.dam) — man.
1) man, mankind
1a) man, human being
1b) man, mankind (much more frequently intended sense in OT)
1c) Adam, first man
1d) city in Jordan valley
אָדָם (a.dam) — the man (Adam).
The first named man living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.2.19;
married to Eve (H2332);
father of: Cain (H7014B), Abel (H1893) and Seth (H8352); also translated "man" at Gen.2.19,21,23; 3.8,9,20; 5.2; "mankind" at Deu.32.8; "others" at Job.31.33;
Another spelling of a.dam (אָדָם "Adam" H0121)
man, human being
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
לֶ֫חֶם (lechem) means bread or food, encompassing items like grain and provisions for both humans and animals. It is derived from a related root and is used in various contexts, particularly in the Old Testament. The entries consistently emphasize its primary association with bread, though they also acknowledge its broader meaning as food.
לֶ֫חֶם 296 n.m. and (rarely) f. bread, food
base
H3899 לֶ֫חֶם bread, food
3899 lechem lekh'-em
from 3898; food (for man or beast), especially bread, or
grain (for making it):--((shew-))bread, X eat, food, fruit,
loaf, meat, victuals. See also 1036.
see HEBREW for 03898
see HEBREW for 01036
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food.
: food(eating)
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food: bread.
: bread/loaf
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food: allowance.
: allowance
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
N-cs | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2ms
רַ֫עַשׁ (ra`ash) refers to various forms of quaking or shaking, including earthquakes and trembling. It encompasses meanings like vibration, uproar, and rattling. The word is derived from a root that suggests movement or noise, and it can describe both natural phenomena and physical reactions in people.
רַ֫עַשׁ n.m. quaking, shaking
specif. earthquake
quaking, trembling
shaking, quivering
base
H7494 רַ֫עַשׁ quaking, shaking
7494 ra`ash rah'-ash
from 7493; vibration, bounding, uproar:--commotion,
confused noise, earthquake, fierceness, quaking, rattling,
rushing, shaking.
see HEBREW for 07493
רַ֫עַשׁ (ra.ash) — quaking.
1) quaking, rattling, shaking
1a) earthquake
1b) quaking, trembling (of person)
1c) shaking, quivering (of dart)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
אָכַל (akal) means 'to eat' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including literal consumption by humans and animals, as well as figurative uses like devouring by fire or destruction. It can describe actions such as feeding or causing to eat, and it also appears in contexts of oppression and destruction. The verb has various forms, indicating different subjects and nuances.
אָכַל 806 vb. eat
Qal
eat, human subject
of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
fig. of fire, devour, consume
of sword, devour, slay
in genl., devour, consume, destroy
fig. of oppression, devour the poor
Niph.
be eaten by man
be devoured by fire, consumed
be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
Pu. be consumed
Hiph.
cause to eat, feed with
cause to devoure, obj. sword
base
H398 אָכַל eat .. eat, human subject
. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
. fig. of fire, devour, consume
. of sword, devour, slay
. in genl., devour, consume, destroy
. fig. of oppression, devour the poor
. . be eaten by man
. be devoured by fire, consumed
. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
. be consumed
. . cause to eat, feed with
. cause to devoure, obj. sword
398 'akal aw-kal'
a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively):--X at
all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up),
feed (with), food, X freely, X in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay)
meat, X quite.
אָכַל (a.khal) — to eat.
1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to eat (human subject)
1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds)
1a3) to devour, consume (of fire)
1a4) to devour, slay (of sword)
1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought)
1a6) to devour (of oppression)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be eaten (by men)
1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire)
1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh)
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to cause to eat, feed with
1c2) to cause to devour
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to feed
1d2) to cause to eat
1e) (Piel)
1e1) consume
Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singularHVqi2ms
מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.
[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
base
H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
4325 mayim mah'-yim
dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+
piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).
מַי (ma.yim) — water.
1) water, waters
1a) water
1b) water of the feet, urine
1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)
מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).
This name means water, refreshment
Conj | N-mp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp2ms
רָגְזָה (rogzah) is a feminine noun derived from רָגַז (ragaz), meaning trepidation or trembling. It encompasses the ideas of quivering and quaking, as noted in the context of Ezekiel 12:18. The entries consistently emphasize its association with physical manifestations of fear or agitation.
רָגְזָה n.f. a quivering, quaking;—Ez 12:18
ref
H7269 רָגְזָה
7269 rogzah rog-zaw'
feminine of 7267; trepidation:--trembling.
see HEBREW for 07267
רׇגְזָה (rog.zah) — quivering.
trembling, quivering, quaking
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Ncfsa
דְּאָגָה (d'agah) refers to anxiety or anxious care, encompassing feelings of fear, heaviness, and sorrow. It is derived from the root word דָּאַג (da'ag). The term captures a range of emotional distress and concern.
דְּאָגָה n.f. anxiety, anxious care
base
H1674 דְּאָגָה
1674 d'agah deh-aw-gaw'
from 1672; anxiety:--care(-fulness), fear, heaviness, sorrow.
see HEBREW for 01672
דְּאָגָה (de.a.gah) — anxiety.
anxiety, anxious care, care
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/R/Ncfsa
שָׁתָה (shathah) means 'to drink' and can refer to both literal drinking and figurative uses, such as feasting or experiencing God's wrath. It is a primitive root that appears in various forms, including Qal and Niphal, indicating actions like drinking and being drunk. The lexicons note its connection to the Aramaic equivalent שְׁתָה (she.tah), but do not present significant disagreements.
שָׁתָה 217 vb. drink
Qal 216
Niph. all which is (may be) drunk
base
H8354 שָׁתָה drink
8354 shathah shaw-thaw'
a primitive root; to imbibe (literally or figuratively):--X
assuredly, banquet, X certainly, drink(-er, -ing), drunk
(X -ard), surely. (Prop. intensive of 8248.)
see HEBREW for 08248
שָׁתָה (sha.tah) — to drink.
1) to drink
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to drink
1a1a) of drinking cup of God's wrath, of slaughter, of wicked deeds (fig)
1a2) to feast
1b) (Niphal) to be drunk
Aramaic equivalent: she.tah (שְׁתָה "to drink" H8355)
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singularHVqi2ms
See FOOD; DRINK, STRONG.
Drink
The drinks of the Hebrews were water, wine, “strong drink,” and vinegar. Their drinking vessels were the cup, goblet or “basin,” the “cruse” or pitcher, and the saucer.
To drink water by measure (Ezek. 4:11), and to buy water to drink (Lam. 5:4), denote great scarcity. To drink blood means to be satiated with slaughter.
The Jews carefully strained their drinks through a sieve, through fear of violating the law of Lev. 11:20, 23, 41, 42. (See Matt. 23:24. “Strain at” should be “strain out.”)
→ INTOXICATING
See ABSTINENCE, TOTAL
→ See DRUNKARD
→ See DRUNKENNESS
→ See WINE