Deuteronomy 4:49 — Word Study
WLCוְכָל־ הָ֨עֲרָבָ֜ה עֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה וְעַ֖ד יָ֣ם הָעֲרָבָ֑ה תַּ֖חַת אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת הַפִּסְגָּֽה׃ פ
BSAincluding allkôl [the entire region] the Arabahʻărâbâh [a desert plain, wilderness] on the eastmizrâch [direction of sunrise] sideʻêber of the JordanYardên [the river running from Lebanon to the Dead Sea] and as far asʻad [till, up to] the Seayâm [a large body of water] of the Arabahʻărâbâh [the same desert plain] belowtachath [underneath, in the lower area] the slopesʼăshêdâh [ravines, natural formations] of PisgahPiçgâh [a mountain in Moab]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְכָל־ | and all | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| הָ֨עֲרָבָ֜ה | the Arabah | Particle, noun proper |
| עֵ֤בֶר | [the] other side of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ | the Jordan | Particle, noun proper |
| מִזְרָ֔חָה | east -wards | Noun common masculine singular absolute, suffix |
| וְעַ֖ד | and to | Conjunction, preposition |
| יָ֣ם | [the] sea of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| הָעֲרָבָ֑ה | the Arabah | Particle, noun proper |
| תַּ֖חַת | under | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת | [the] slopes of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| הַפִּסְגָּֽה׃ פ | Pisgah | Particle, noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | including all the Arabah on the east side of the Jordan and as far as the Sea of the Arabah, below the slopes of Pisgah. |
| KJV | And all the plain on this side Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, under the springs of Pisgah. |
| ASV | and all the Arabah beyond the Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the Arabah, under the slopes of Pisgah. |
| YLT | and all the plain beyond the Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, under the springs of Pisgah. |
| WEB | and all the Arabah beyond the Jordan eastward, even to the sea of the Arabah, under the slopes of Pisgah. |
| BBE | And all the Arabah on the far side of Jordan to the east, as far as the sea of the Arabah under the slopes of Pisgah. |
The translations agree on the rendering of כֹּל as including all.
The main clause introduces the region, with several prepositional phrases providing detail about its location.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Deuteronomy 4:49
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Boundaries of the Landgenerated
Deuteronomy 4:49 outlines the regions that were part of the Israelites' inheritance. It specifies the Arabah, which is a significant geographical area, and describes its location relative to the Jordan River and the Sea of the Arabah. This context emphasizes the importance of these locations in the narrative of the Israelites' journey and settlement.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 3:17 | The Jordan River in the Arabah bordered it from Chinnereth to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea ) with the slopes of Pisgah to the east. |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 34:1 | Then Moses went up from the plains of Moab to Mount Nebo, to the top of Pisgah, which faces Jericho. And the LORD showed him the whole land—from Gilead as far as Dan, |
| 3 | Joshua 13:20 | Beth-peor, the slopes of Pisgah, and Beth-jeshimoth— |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — כֹּל, ve.kholgenerated
The word כֹּל (kol) is a noun meaning 'all' or 'everything.' It is used to indicate totality and encompasses every person or thing. In this verse, it emphasizes the entirety of the Arabah region.
As a construct noun, it connects with other words to specify what is included, here referring to the entire Arabah. This word is foundational in understanding the scope of the land described.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we reference the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), which uses including all for כֹּל.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse is structured around a series of noun phrases that describe the geographical features: הָעֲרָבָה, הַיַּרְדֵּן, and הָעֲרָבָה again, with prepositional phrases providing additional detail. This structure emphasizes the locations and their relationships.
The main focus is on the Arabah and its boundaries, with the finite verb implied in the context of describing the land.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates כֹּל as πᾶσαν, which means 'all' or 'every.' This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the emphasis on totality.
The translation of עֲרָבָה as αραβα indicates a consistent understanding of this geographical term across both texts.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Deuteronomy 4:49 describes the land east of the Jordan River, specifically the Arabah region. It details the borders of this area, extending to the Sea of the Arabah and mentioning the slopes of the mountain Pisgah. This verse provides a clear geographical context for the land the Israelites were to inhabit.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The Arabah is a desert plain near the Jordan River, often described as a wilderness or steppe.
The Jordan River is a key geographical feature in the Bible, marking the boundary of the Promised Land.
Pisgah is a mountain from which Moses viewed the Promised Land before his death, highlighting its importance in the narrative.
This verse outlines the inheritance of the Israelites and establishes the geographical context for their settlement in the land.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What geographical features are significant in your understanding of the land described in this verse?
- How does the concept of 'all' in this verse shape your understanding of the Arabah region?
- In what ways do geographical boundaries play a role in the biblical narrative?
- How can understanding the geography of the Bible enhance your reading of the text?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Deuteronomy 4:49 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd all the plain on this side Jordan eastward,.... The plains of Moab, on that side of Jordan to the east: even unto the sea of the plain; the sea of Sodom, the salt sea: under the springs of
Read John Gill on Deuteronomy 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd all the plain on this side Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, under the springs of Pisgah.
Read Robert Jamieson on Deuteronomy 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English ReadersSECOND .(44-49) These words form an introduction to the second discourse, which occupies the larger portion of the book—from Deuteronomy 5:1 to the end of Deuteronomy 26. There is no real break between. The present introduction differs from what we find in Deuteronomy 1:1. There is no intimation that this portion of Deuteronomy was a repetition of what had been delivered between Sinai and Kadesh-barnea. What follows is said to have been spoken in the land of Sihon and Og, after the conquest by Israel. (46) On this side Jordan.—Literally, on the other side. The same expression in Deuteronomy 4:47 is defined by the addition, “toward the sun-rising.” The whole passage (Deuteronomy 4:44-49) may…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Deuteronomy 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges44–49. Introduction (or Introductions) to the following Discourses and Laws (5–26) The appearance of a fresh heading at this point—between the two distinct sets of discourses Deuteronomy 1:6 to Deuteronomy 4:40 and Deuteronomy 5-11, which are further separated by the historical fragment, Deuteronomy 4:41-43—raises questions at the heart of the problem of the structure of the book of Deuteronomy. Does it signify that once the book began here and consisted only of the discourses 5–11 and the laws 12–26; Deuteronomy 1:6 to Deuteronomy 4:40 having been prefixed later? So Graf, Kue., Wellh., König, etc. Or is the appearance of the heading just here compatible with the theory that the whole of…
Read Cambridge on Deuteronomy 4 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible49. Springs of Pisgah — The same Hebrew expression is found here as in Deuteronomy 3:17, where our version treats it as a proper name. It should be rendered slopes of Pisgah.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Deuteronomy 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
including all the Arabah on the east side of the Jordan and as far as the Sea of the Arabah, below the slopes of Pisgah.
and all the Arabah beyond the Jordan eastward, even to the sea of the Arabah, under the slopes of Pisgah.
including all the Arabah on the east side of the Jordan and as far as the Sea of the Arabah, below the slopes of Pisgah.
including all the Arabah of the Transjordan in the east to the sea of the Arabah, beneath the watershed of Pisgah.)
Tyndale line
And all the plain on this side Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, under the springs of Pisgah.
and all the Arabah beyond the Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the Arabah, under the slopes of Pisgah.
and all the Arabah beyond Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the Arabah, under the slopes of Pisgah.
And all the plain on the side of Jordan eastward, even to the sea of the plain, under the springs of Pisgah.
And all the plaine by Iorden Eastwarde, euen vnto the Sea, of ye plaine, vnder the springs of Pisgah.
Strictly literal
and all the plain on this side the Jordan, eastward, and as far as the sea of the plain, under the slopes of Pisgah.
and all the plain beyond the Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, under the springs of Pisgah.
and all the plain beyond the Jordan eastward, even to the Sea of the Plain, below the Springs of Pisgah.
And all the plain on this side of the Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, under the declivities of Pisgah.
and included all of the plain of the Jordan River valley, eastward beyond the Jordan, to the Sea of the Arabah, to the slopes of Mount Pisgah.
From the Latin
All the plain beyond the Jordan at the east side, unto the see of the wilderness, and unto the foot of mount Phasga.
Simplified
and included all the Arabah to the east of the Jordan down as far as the Dead Sea beside the slopes of Mount Pisgah.
And all the Arabah on the far side of Jordan to the east, as far as the sea of the Arabah under the slopes of Pisgah.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint in most words, but the Samaritan Pentateuch shows two differences: it uses the word for 'salt' and a variant for 'slopes.' The Dead Sea Scrolls contain partial matches, with some words restored by editors.
וְכָל־ הָ֨עֲרָבָ֜ה עֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה וְעַ֖ד יָ֣ם הָעֲרָבָ֑ה תַּ֖חַת אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת הַפִּסְגָּֽה׃ פ
8 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
וכל הערבה עבר הירדן מזרחה ועד ים הערבה ים המלח תחת אשׁדות הפסגה
2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: מלח (salt), אשׁדות (slope)
[וכל] [הערבה] [עבר] [הירדן] [מזרח׳ה] [ועד] [ים] הערבה תחת [אשדת] [הפסגה]
2 words on the leather — 9 supplied entire by an editor.
[הערבה] [תחת] אשדת [הפסגה]
4 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Deuteronomy 4:49
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
עֲרָבָה (arabah) refers to a desert plain or steppe, often associated with the generally sterile valley of the Jordan and its extension to the Red Sea. It encompasses meanings like wilderness and champaign. The term appears in various contexts, including references to specific locations like the Brook of Arabah and the Plains of Moab.
עֲרָבָה 61 n.f. desert-plain, steppe
base
H6160 עֲרָבָה desert-plain, steppe
6160 `arabah ar-aw-baw'
from 6150 (in the sense of sterility); a desert; especially
(with the article prefix) the (generally) sterile valley of
the Jordan and its continuation to the Red Sea:--Arabah,
champaign, desert, evening, heaven, plain, wilderness. See
also 1026.
see HEBREW for 06150
see HEBREW for 01026
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — Arabah.
§ desert plain, steppe, desert, wilderness
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — (Brook of) the Arabah.
Combined with na.chal (נַ֫חַל "Brook" H5158K)
§ desert plain, steppe, desert, wilderness
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — Plains (of Moab).
Combined with mo.av (מוֹאָב " of Moab" H4124I)
§ desert plain, steppe, desert, wilderness
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — (Beth)-arabah.
desert plain, steppe, desert, wilderness
Another spelling of bet ha.a.ra.vah (בֵּית הָֽעֲרָבָה "Beth-arabah" H1026)
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — (Sea of) the Arabah.
Another name of me.lach (מֶ֫לַח "Salt( Sea)" H4417G)
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — plain.
§ desert plain, steppe, desert, wilderness
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun properHTd/Npl
ar'-a-ba, a-ra'-ba ha-`arabhah, ("the Arabah"): This word indicates in general a barren district, but is specifically applied in whole or in part to the depression of the Jordan valley, extending from Mount Hermon to the Gulf of Akabah. In the King James Version it is transliterated only once (Jos 18:18) describing the border of Benjamin. Elsewhere it is rendered "plain." But in the Revised Version (British and American) it is everywhere transliterated. South of the Dead Sea the name is still retained in Wady el-Arabah. In De 1:1; 2:8 (the King James Version "plain") the southern portion is referred to; in De 3:17; 4:49; Jos 3:16; 11:2; 12:3 and
Arabah
Plain, in the Revised Version of 2 Kings 14:25; Josh. 3:16; 8:14; 2 Sam. 2:29; 4:7 (in all these passages the A.V. has “plain”); Amos 6:14 (A.V. “wilderness”). This word is found in the Authorized Version only in Josh. 18:18. It denotes the hollow depression through which the Jordan flows from the Lake of Galilee to the Dead Sea. It is now called by the Arabs el-Ghor. But the Ghor is sometimes spoken of as extending 10 miles south of the Dead Sea, and thence to the Gulf of Akabah on the Red Sea is called the Wady el-Arabah.
(burnt up). Although this word appears in the Authorized Version in its original shape only in (Joshua 18:18) yet in the Hebrew text it is of frequent occurrence. It indicates more particularly the deep-sunken valley or trench which forms the most striking among the many striking natural features of Palestine, and which extends with great uniformity of formation from the slopes of Hermon to the Elanitic Gulf (Gulf of Akabah) of the Red Sea; the most remarkable depression known to exist on the surface of the globe. Through the northern portion of this extraordinary fissure the Jordan rushes through the lakes of Huleh and Gennesaret down its tortuous course to the deep chasm of the Dead Sea. This portion, about 150 miles in length, is known amongst the Arabs by the name of el-Ghor . The southern boundary of the (Ghor is the wall of…
→ See BETH-ARABAH
עֵ֫בֶר (eber) refers to a region across or beyond, often used adverbially to indicate the opposite side, particularly in relation to the Jordan River. It encompasses meanings such as 'side,' 'beyond,' and 'quarter.' The lexicons highlight its usage in various contexts, including geographical references, but do not present significant disagreement.
עֵ֫בֶר 91 n.m. region across or beyond, side
region across or beyond anything
(Opposite) side, side
base
H5676 עֵ֫בֶר region across or beyond, side
5676 `eber ay'-ber
from 5674; properly, a region across; but used only
adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite
side (especially of the Jordan; ususally meaning the
east):--X against, beyond, by, X from, over, passage,
quarter, (other, this) side, straight.
see HEBREW for 05674
עֵ֫בֶר (e.ver) — side: beside.
: side/beside
1) region beyond or across, side
1a) region across or beyond
1b) side, opposite side
עֵ֫בֶר (e.ver) — side: beyond.
: ahead/beyond
1) region beyond or across, side
1a) region across or beyond
1b) side, opposite side
עֵ֫בֶר (e.ver) — side: west.
: west
1) region beyond or across, side
1a) region across or beyond
1b) side, opposite side
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יַרְדֵן (Yarden) refers to the Jordan River, named for its meaning 'descender.' It is the main river in Palestine, flowing approximately 200 miles from Anti-Lebanon to the Dead Sea. The entries consistently identify it as a geographical feature without significant disagreement.
יַרְדֵן 182 n.pr.fl. Jordan
base
H3383 יַרְדֵן Jordan
3383 Yarden yar-dane'
from 3381; a descender; Jarden, the principal river of
Palestine:--Jordan.
see HEBREW for 03381
יַרְדֵּן (yar.den) — Jordan.
Jordan = "descender"
the river of Palestine running from the roots of Anti-Lebanon to the Dead Sea a distance of approx 200 miles (320 km)
Also named: Iordanēs (Ἰορδάνης "Jordan" G2446)
Art | N-proper — Particle · noun properHTd/Npl
jor'-dan (yarden, "flowing downward"; 'Iordanes):
1. Source:
The Jordan river proper begins at the junction of four streams (the Bareighit, the Hasbany, the Leddan, and the Banias), in the upper part of the plain of Lake Huleh. The Bareighit receives its supply of water from the hills on the West, which separate the valley from the river Litany, and is the least important of the four. The Hasbany is the longest of the four (40 miles), issuing from a great fountain at the western foot of Mt. Hermon near Hasbeiya, 1,700 ft. above the sea, and descends 1,500 ft. in its course to the plain. The Leddan is the largest of the four streams, issuing in several fountains at the foot of the mound Tell el-kady (Dan, or Laish) at an elevation of 505 ft. above the sea. The Banias issues from a celebrated fountain near the town of Banias, which is identified as the Caesarea Philippi associated with the…
Jordan
Heb. Yarden, “the descender;” Arab. Nahr-esh-Sheriah, “the watering-place” the chief river of Palestine. It flows from north to south down a deep valley in the centre of the country. The name descender is significant of the fact that there is along its whole course a descent to its banks; or it may simply denote the rapidity with which it “descends” to the Dead Sea.
It originates in the snows of Hermon, which feed its perennial fountains. Two sources are generally spoken of. (1.) From the western base of a hill on which once stood the city of Dan, the northern border-city of Palestine, there gushes forth a considerable fountain called the Leddan, which is the largest fountain in Syria and the principal source of the Jordan. (2.) Beside the ruins of Banias, the ancient Caesarea Philippi and the yet more ancient Panium, is a lofty cliff of limestone, at the base of which…
(the descender), the one river of Palestine, has a course of little more than 200 miles, from the roots of Anti-Lebanon to the head of the Dead Sea. (136 miles in a straight line. --Schaff.) It is the river of the "great plain" of Palestine --the "descender," if not "the river of God" in the book of Psalms, at least that of his chosen people throughout their history. There were fords over against Jericho, to which point the men of Jericho pursued the spies. (Joshua 2:7) comp. Judg 3:28 Higher up where the fords or passages of Bethbarah, where Gideon lay in wait for the Midianites, (Judges 7:24) and where the men of Gilead slew the Ephraimites. ch. (Judges 12:6) These fords…
The chief river of Palestine, running from north to south, and dividing the Holy Land into two parts, of which the larger and more important lay on the west. There are two small streams, each of which claims to be its source. One of these, near Banias, anciently Caesarea Philippi, issues from a large cave in a rocky mountain side, and flows several miles towards the south-west, where it is joined by the second and larger stream, which originates in a fountain at Tellel-Kady, three miles west of Banias. But besides these, there is a third and longer stream, which rises beyond the northern limit of Palestine, near Hasbeia on the west side of mount Hermon, flows twenty-four miles to the south, and unites with the other streams before they enter the "waters of Merom," now lake Huleh, the Jordan flows about nine miles south-ward to the sea of Tiberias, through which its clear and smooth…
מִזְרָח (mizrach) means 'place of sunrise' or simply 'east.' It is derived from the root meaning 'to rise' and refers to the direction of the sunrise. The entries consistently highlight its use to denote the east, both as a cardinal direction and in relation to the rising sun.
מִזְרָח n.[m.] place of sunrise, east
base
H4217 מִזְרָח place of sunrise, east
4217 mizrach miz-rawkh'
from 2224; sunrise, i.e. the east:--east (side, -ward),
(sun-)rising (of the sun).
see HEBREW for 02224
מִזְרָח (miz.rach) — East (Gate).
This name means place of sunrise, east
מִזְרָח (miz.rach) — east.
1) place of sunrise, east
1a) sunrise, east (with 'sun')
1b) the east (without 'sun')
1b1) to or toward the place of sunrise
1b2) to the east, eastward
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular absolute · suffixHNcmsa/Sd
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
יָם (yam) means 'sea' and refers to various large bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas, as well as the Sea of Galilee. It can also denote a mighty river like the Nile and has geographical implications, indicating directions such as west or south. The term is derived from a root meaning to roar, suggesting the noise of breaking surf.
יָם 390 n.m. sea
base
H3220 יָם sea
3220 yam yawm
from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in
noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the
article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or
an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the
south:--sea (X -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern,
side, -ward).
יָם (yam) — sea.
: sea
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — sea: west.
: west
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — (Mt. Ephron in the) West.
This name means sea, seaward, westward
Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֲרָבָה (arabah) refers to a desert plain or steppe, often associated with the generally sterile valley of the Jordan and its extension to the Red Sea. It encompasses meanings like wilderness and champaign. The term appears in various contexts, including references to specific locations like the Brook of Arabah and the Plains of Moab.
עֲרָבָה 61 n.f. desert-plain, steppe
base
H6160 עֲרָבָה desert-plain, steppe
6160 `arabah ar-aw-baw'
from 6150 (in the sense of sterility); a desert; especially
(with the article prefix) the (generally) sterile valley of
the Jordan and its continuation to the Red Sea:--Arabah,
champaign, desert, evening, heaven, plain, wilderness. See
also 1026.
see HEBREW for 06150
see HEBREW for 01026
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — Arabah.
§ desert plain, steppe, desert, wilderness
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — (Brook of) the Arabah.
Combined with na.chal (נַ֫חַל "Brook" H5158K)
§ desert plain, steppe, desert, wilderness
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — Plains (of Moab).
Combined with mo.av (מוֹאָב " of Moab" H4124I)
§ desert plain, steppe, desert, wilderness
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — (Beth)-arabah.
desert plain, steppe, desert, wilderness
Another spelling of bet ha.a.ra.vah (בֵּית הָֽעֲרָבָה "Beth-arabah" H1026)
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — (Sea of) the Arabah.
Another name of me.lach (מֶ֫לַח "Salt( Sea)" H4417G)
עֲרָבָה (a.ra.vah) — plain.
§ desert plain, steppe, desert, wilderness
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun properHTd/Npl
ar'-a-ba, a-ra'-ba ha-`arabhah, ("the Arabah"): This word indicates in general a barren district, but is specifically applied in whole or in part to the depression of the Jordan valley, extending from Mount Hermon to the Gulf of Akabah. In the King James Version it is transliterated only once (Jos 18:18) describing the border of Benjamin. Elsewhere it is rendered "plain." But in the Revised Version (British and American) it is everywhere transliterated. South of the Dead Sea the name is still retained in Wady el-Arabah. In De 1:1; 2:8 (the King James Version "plain") the southern portion is referred to; in De 3:17; 4:49; Jos 3:16; 11:2; 12:3 and
Arabah
Plain, in the Revised Version of 2 Kings 14:25; Josh. 3:16; 8:14; 2 Sam. 2:29; 4:7 (in all these passages the A.V. has “plain”); Amos 6:14 (A.V. “wilderness”). This word is found in the Authorized Version only in Josh. 18:18. It denotes the hollow depression through which the Jordan flows from the Lake of Galilee to the Dead Sea. It is now called by the Arabs el-Ghor. But the Ghor is sometimes spoken of as extending 10 miles south of the Dead Sea, and thence to the Gulf of Akabah on the Red Sea is called the Wady el-Arabah.
(burnt up). Although this word appears in the Authorized Version in its original shape only in (Joshua 18:18) yet in the Hebrew text it is of frequent occurrence. It indicates more particularly the deep-sunken valley or trench which forms the most striking among the many striking natural features of Palestine, and which extends with great uniformity of formation from the slopes of Hermon to the Elanitic Gulf (Gulf of Akabah) of the Red Sea; the most remarkable depression known to exist on the surface of the globe. Through the northern portion of this extraordinary fissure the Jordan rushes through the lakes of Huleh and Gennesaret down its tortuous course to the deep chasm of the Dead Sea. This portion, about 150 miles in length, is known amongst the Arabs by the name of el-Ghor . The southern boundary of the (Ghor is the wall of…
→ See BETH-ARABAH
תַּחַת (tachath) refers to the concept of being underneath or below. It can function as a noun meaning 'the under part,' or as an adverb and preposition indicating position or substitution, such as 'instead of' or 'for the sake of.' The word encompasses various uses, including physical placement and metaphorical meanings related to subjection or exchange.
תַּחַת n.[m.] the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
base
H8478 תַּחַת the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
8478 tachath takh'-ath
from the same as 8430; the bottom (as depressed); only
adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix
underneath), in lieu of, etc.:--as, beneath, X flat,
in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead
of, under, X unto, X when...was mine, whereas, (where-)fore,
with.
see HEBREW for 08430
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: under.
: under/below
1) the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas n m
1a) the under part adv accus
1b) beneath prep
1c) under, beneath
1c1) at the foot of (idiom)
1c2) sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (fig)
1c3) of subjection or conquest
1d) what is under one, the place in which one stands
1d1) in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)
1d2) in place of, instead of (in transferred sense)
1d3) in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged)
conj
1e) instead of, instead of that
1f) in return for that, because that in compounds
1g) in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion)
1h) from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: instead.
: instead/in_place/exchange
Prep — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
פִּסְגָּה n.pr.mont. Pisgah (prob. cleft, fr. a natural feature of mt.)
base
H798 פִּסְגָּה, אַשְׁדּוֹת הַפִּסְגָּה
798 'Ashdowth hap-Picgah ash-doth' hap-pis-gaw'
from the plural of 794 and 6449 with the article interposed;
ravines of the Pisgah; Ashdoth- Pisgah, a place east of the
Jordan:--Ashdoth-pisgah.
see HEBREW for 0794
see HEBREW for 06449
אַשְׁדּוֹת (ash.dot hap.pis.gah) — Slopes (of Pisgah).
Ashdoth-pisgah = "slopes of Pisgah"
the mountains of Pisgah, which include Mt. Nebo
Combined with pis.gah (פִּסְגָּה "Pisgah" H6449)
HNcfpc — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
פִּסְגָּה (Pisgah) likely means 'cleft' and refers to a mountain located in Moab, east of the Jordan River, though its exact site is uncertain. The word is derived from a root meaning 'cleft' and is consistently identified as a geographical location in the Old Testament.
פִּסְגָּה n.pr.mont. Pisgah (prob. cleft, fr. a natural feature of mt.)
base
H6449 פִּסְגָּה Pisgah (prob. cleft, fr. a natural feature of mt.)
6449 Picgah pis-gaw'
from 6448; a cleft; Pisgah, a mt. East of Jordan:--Pisgah.
see HEBREW for 06448
פִּסְגָּה (pis.gah) — Pisgah.
§ Pisgah = "cleft"
mountain in Moab on the northeast shore of the Dead Sea; site uncertain
Art | N-proper — Particle · noun properHTd/Npl
piz'-ga (ha-picgah; Phasga, to lelaxeumenon, he laxeute): This name, which has always the definite article, appears only in combination either with ro'sh, "head," "top," or 'ashdoth, not translated in the King James Version save in De 4:49, where it is rendered "springs" the Revised Version (British and American) uniformly "slopes," the Revised Version margin "springs."
Pisgah is identified with Nebo in De 34:1; compare 3:27. "The top of Pisgah, which looketh down upon the desert" marks a stage in the march of the host of Israel (Nu 21:20). Hither Balak brought Balaam to the field of Zophim (Nu 23:14). Here Moses obtained his view of the Promised Land, and died. See NEBO.…
Pisgah
A part, a mountain summit in the land of Moab, in the territory of Reuben, where Balak offered up sacrifices (Num. 21:20; 23:14), and from which Moses viewed the promised land (Deut. 3:27). It is probably the modern Jebel Siaghah. (See NEBO.)
(section , i.e. peak), (Numbers 21:20; 23:14; 3:27; 34:1) a mountain range or district, the same as or a part of, that called the mountains of Abarim. Comp. (32:49) with Deuteronomy 34:1 It lay on the east of Jordan contiguous to the field of Moab, and immediately opposite Jericho. Its highest point or summit --its "head"--was Mount Nebo. [See NEBO]