Deuteronomy 28:22 — Word Study
WLCיַכְּכָ֣ה יְ֠הוָה בַּשַּׁחֶ֨פֶת וּבַקַּדַּ֜חַת וּבַדַּלֶּ֗קֶת וּבַֽחַרְחֻר֙ וּבַחֶ֔רֶב וּבַשִּׁדָּפ֖וֹן וּבַיֵּרָק֑וֹן וּרְדָפ֖וּךָ עַ֥ד אָבְדֶֽךָ׃
BSAThe LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, The covenant Name of God] will strike younâkâh▸ with wasting diseaseshachepheth [consumption, a serious illness] with feverqaddachath [inflammation, a burning condition] and inflammationdalleqeth△ [a burning fever] with scorching heatcharchur△ [extreme burning, fiery heat] and droughtchereb [a lack of rain] and with blightshᵉdêphâh [a destructive crop disease] and mildewyêrâqôwn [a type of fungal disease] these will pursuerâdaph [chase after, follow with hostile intent] you untilʻad [as far as, to the point of] you perishʼâbad [be destroyed, lost]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יַכְּכָ֣ה | he will strike you | Verb hiphil imperfect third person masculine singular, suffix |
| יְ֠הוָה | Yahweh | Noun proper |
| בַּשַּׁחֶ֨פֶת | with consumption | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וּבַקַּדַּ֜חַת | and with fever | Conjunction, preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וּבַדַּלֶּ֗קֶת | and with inflammation | Conjunction, preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וּבַֽחַרְחֻר֙ | and with feverish heat | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וּבַחֶ֔רֶב | and with the sword | Conjunction, preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וּבַשִּׁדָּפ֖וֹן | and with blight | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וּבַיֵּרָק֑וֹן | and with mildew | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וּרְדָפ֖וּךָ | and they will pursue you | Verb qal sequential perfect third person common plural, suffix |
| עַ֥ד | until | Preposition |
| אָבְדֶֽךָ׃ | perishing you | Verb qal infinitive construct common, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The LORD will strike you with wasting disease, with fever and inflammation, with scorching heat and drought, and with blight and mildew; these will pursue you until you perish. |
| KJV | The LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish. |
| ASV | Jehovah will smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with fiery heat, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish. |
| YLT | 'Jehovah doth smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with extreme burning, and with sword, and with blasting, and with mildew, and they have pursued thee till thou perish |
| WEB | Yahweh will strike you with consumption, with fever, with inflammation, with fiery heat, with the sword, with blight, and with mildew. They will pursue you until you perish. |
| BBE | The Lord will send wasting disease, and burning pain, and flaming heat against you, keeping back the rain till your land is waste and dead; so will it be till your destruction is complete. |
Where they part company is יַכְּכָ֣ה — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has one main clause with multiple afflictions listed, followed by a consequence clause, creating a clear structure of cause and effect.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectיהוה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 12 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Deuteronomy 28:22
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Curses for Disobediencegenerated
Deuteronomy 28:22 is part of a larger passage where God outlines the consequences for Israel's disobedience to His commands. This verse lists specific afflictions that will come upon the people if they turn away from God, emphasizing the seriousness of their covenant relationship with Him. The surrounding verses also describe the severity of these curses, which serve as a warning to the Israelites.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leviticus 26:16 | then this is what I will do to you: I will bring upon you sudden terror, wasting disease, and fever that will destroy your sight and drain your life. You will sow your seed in vain, because your enemies will eat it. |
| 2 | 2 Chronicles 6:28 | When famine or plague comes upon the land, or blight or mildew or locusts or grasshoppers, or when their enemies besiege them in their cities, whatever plague or sickness may come, |
| 3 | Jeremiah 14:12 | Although they may fast, I will not listen to their cry; although they may offer burnt offerings and grain offerings, I will not accept them. Instead, I will finish them off by sword and famine and plague.” |
| 4 | 1 Kings 8:37 | When famine or plague comes upon the land, or blight or mildew or locusts or grasshoppers, or when their enemy besieges them in their cities, whatever plague or sickness may come, |
| 5 | Amos 4:9 | “I struck you with blight and mildew in your growing gardens and vineyards; the locust devoured your fig and olive trees, yet you did not return to Me,” declares the LORD. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יַכְּכָ֣ה, ya.ke.Khahgenerated
The verb יַכְּכָ֣ה (ya.ke.Khah) is a hiphil imperfect form meaning 'he will strike.' This indicates an action that is caused by the subject, in this case, the LORD, who is the agent of the action. The root נָכָה (nakah) encompasses a range of meanings from striking to punishing, often in the context of divine judgment.
In this verse, it signifies the LORD's active role in bringing judgment upon the people through various afflictions, illustrating the consequences of their actions in a direct and impactful manner.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb יַכְּכָ֣ה governs the entire verse, indicating the action of the LORD. The structure lists a series of afflictions that follow, each introduced by a conjunction, creating a cumulative effect of the consequences that will befall the people.
The sentence builds upon the main action of striking, detailing the specific forms of affliction in a series of prepositional phrases, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of the judgment.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יַכְּכָ֣ה as σε (se), which means 'you.' This choice reflects a direct address to the people, maintaining the emphasis on the personal consequences of their actions.
The use of κύριος (kurios) for יְ֠הוָה highlights the authority of the LORD as the one executing these judgments.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Deuteronomy 28:22 warns that if the Israelites disobey God, He will send various afflictions upon them, including serious diseases and environmental troubles. This verse is part of a larger section that outlines the consequences of turning away from God, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Consumption refers to a serious wasting disease, emphasizing the physical toll of disobedience as a form of divine punishment.
The variety of afflictions illustrates the comprehensive nature of God's judgment, affecting both health and the environment.
To perish indicates total destruction, highlighting the severity of the consequences for turning away from God's commands.
This verse serves as a warning within the covenant context, reminding Israel of the blessings for obedience and the curses for disobedience.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some ways that I might be turning away from God's commands in my life?
- How can I better understand the consequences of my actions in relation to my faith?
- In what areas do I need to seek God's guidance to avoid the pitfalls described in this verse?
- How can I encourage others to remain faithful to God's commands?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Deuteronomy 28:22 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe Lord shall smite thee with a consumption,.... An emaciation of their bodies, either through famine or wasting diseases, whereby the fluids are washed off, and men are reduced to skin and bones:
Read John Gill on Deuteronomy 28 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.
Read Robert Jamieson on Deuteronomy 28 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleWith blasting, and with mildew; two plagues or evil affections of corn. See .
Read Matthew Poole on Deuteronomy 28 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDeuteronomy 28:22 The LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.Ver. 22. The Lord shall smite thee, &c.]
Read John Trapp on Deuteronomy 28 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(22) Consumption.—Only here and in Leviticus 26:16. “With which the flesh is consumed and puffed out” (Rashi). Fever.—Only here and in Leviticus 26:16, where it is rendered “burning ague.” ( Comp. Deuteronomy 32:22 : “A fire is kindled in mine anger.”) Inflammation.—Here only. The word is derived from a verb signifying to burn, or pursue hotly, like a fire that hastens on its way. “A heat greater than the fever” (Rashi). Extreme burning.—Here only. “A disease which heats the body inwardly” (Rashi). Blasting and mildew.—“I have smitten you with blasting and with mildew” (Amos 4:9, same words). (See also 1 Kings 8:37, where “pestilence, blasting, and mildew” are contemplated as possibilities…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Deuteronomy 28 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 22. Consumption] שחפת shachepheth, atrophy through lack of food; from שחף shacaph, to be in want. Fever] קדחת kaddachath, from קדח kadach, to be kindled, burn, sparkle; a burning inflammatory fever. Inflammation] דלקת dalleketh, from דלק dalak, to pursue eagerly, to burn after; probably a rapidly consuming cancer. Extreme burning] חרחר charchur, burning upon burning, scald upon scald; from חר char, to be heated, enraged, &c. This probably refers, not only to excruciating inflammations on the body, but also to the irritation and agony of a mind utterly abandoned by God, and lost to hope. What an accumulation of misery! how formidable! and especially in a land where great heat was…
Read AdamClarke on Deuteronomy 28 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges22. Seven Plagues, four on men, and three on their crops. On the former see Leviticus 26:16, and consult A. Macalister, art. ‘Medicine’ in Hastings’ D.B. consumption] Heb. shaḥ ?epheth; from the meaning of the corr. Ar. saḥ ?af, ‘to affect with consumption of the lungs,’ this is usually conceived as phthisis, but Macalister, from the connection here, thinks more likely a wasting fever of the Mediterranean or Malta type. LXX ἀπορία. fever] Heb. ḳ ?addaḥ ?ath, lit. kindling, LXX πυρετὸς; cp. Luke 4:38, John 4:52. ‘May be malarial fever’ (Macalister). inflammation] Heb. dallιḳ ?eth, lit. burning, LXX ῥῖγος. ‘Possibly … some form of ague,’ but ‘perhaps indeed typhoid’ (Macalister). fiery heat]…
Read Cambridge on Deuteronomy 28 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible22. Smite thee… with the sword — The Hebrew word here translated sword, with different pointing, would be rendered heat, or drought; and so some of the versions have it.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Deuteronomy 28 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The LORD will strike you with wasting disease, with fever and inflammation, with scorching heat and drought, and with blight and mildew; these will pursue you until you perish.
Yahweh will strike you with consumption, with fever, with inflammation, with fiery heat, with the sword, with blight, and with mildew. They will pursue you until you perish.
The LORD will strike you with wasting disease, with fever and inflammation, with scorching heat and drought, and with blight and mildew; these will pursue you until you perish.
He will afflict you with weakness, fever, inflammation, infection, sword, blight, and mildew; these will attack you until you perish.
Tyndale line
The LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.
Jehovah will smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with fiery heat, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.
The LORD shall smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with fiery heat, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.
The LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew: and they shall pursue thee until thou dost perish.
The Lord shall smite thee with a consumption, and with the feuer, and with a burning ague, and with feruent heate, and with the sworde, and with blasting, and with the mildew, and they shall pursue thee vntill thou perish.
Strictly literal
Jehovah will smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with burning ague, and with drought, and with blight, and with mildew, and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.
'Jehovah doth smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with extreme burning, and with sword, and with blasting, and with mildew, and they have pursued thee till thou perish
YHWH strikes you with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with extreme burning, and with sword, and with blasting, and with mildew, and they have pursued you until you perish
The Lord will smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with extreme burning, and with drought, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou be lost.
Yahweh will attack you with infectious diseases, with fever, with inflammation, and with drought and blistering heat, and with scorching winds and mildew. These will pursue you until you perish.
From the Latin
May the Lord afflict thee with miserable want, with the fever and with cold, with burning and with heat, and with corrupted air and with blasting, and pursue thee till thou perish.
Simplified
Then the Lord will hit you with sickness that makes you waste away, with a severe fever and swelling like you're burning up, while your crops are damaged by drought and blight and mildew. These will attack you until you die.
The Lord will send wasting disease, and burning pain, and flaming heat against you, keeping back the rain till your land is waste and dead; so will it be till your destruction is complete.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches the Hebrew closely. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs in three words, indicating variations in the translation of 'strike,' 'pursue,' and 'perish.' The Dead Sea Scrolls contain partial restorations but largely align with the Masoretic Text.
יַכְּכָ֣ה יְ֠הוָה בַּשַּׁחֶ֨פֶת וּבַקַּדַּ֜חַת וּבַדַּלֶּ֗קֶת וּבַֽחַרְחֻר֙ וּבַחֶ֔רֶב וּבַשִּׁדָּפ֖וֹן וּבַיֵּרָק֑וֹן וּרְדָפ֖וּךָ עַ֥ד אָבְדֶֽךָ׃
12 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
יכך יהוה בשׁחפת ובקדחת ובדלקת ובחרחר ובחרב ובשׁדפון ובירקון ירדפוך עד אבידוך
3 words differ from the Masoretic Text: יכך (strike), ירדפוך (pursue), אבידוך (perish)
[יכ׳כה] [יהוה] [בשחפת] [ובקדחת] [ובדלקת] [ובחרחר] [ובחרב] [ובשדפון] ובירקון ורדפו׳ך [עד] [אבד׳ך]
1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 10 supplied entire by an editor.
בשחפת ובקדחת [ובדלקת] [ובחרחר] [ובחרב] [ובשדפון] [ובירקון] ירדפו׳ך עד [אבד׳ך]
10 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Deuteronomy 28:22
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
נָכָה (nakah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to strike or smite, encompassing a range of actions from lightly hitting to fatal blows. It appears in various forms, indicating actions like attacking, punishing, or causing disease. The entries suggest its use in both literal and figurative contexts, including divine judgment and applause. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
[נָכָה] 501 vb. smite (not in Qal)
Niph. and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die
Pu. both be smitten down by the hail
Hiph.
lit., smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike
smite repeatedly, beat a man
and they clapped hands (in applause)
give a thrust (with fork) into pot; strike roots
rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound
smite, of sun
Smite fatally
Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company
Of God
smite with a plague, disease, etc.
smite = chastise, or send judgment upon
of God’s destroying palaces
Hoph. be smitten
base
H5221 נָכָה smite (not in Qal) . and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die
. both be smitten down by the hail
. . . lit., smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike
. smite repeatedly, beat a man
. and they clapped hands (in applause)
. give a thrust (with fork) into pot; strike roots
. rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound
. smite, of sun
. Smite fatally
. Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company
. Of God . smite with a plague, disease, etc.
. smite = chastise, or send judgment upon
. of God’s destroying palaces
. be smitten
5221 nakah naw-kaw'
a primitive root; to strike (lightly or severely, literally
or figuratively):--beat, cast forth, clap, give (wounds), X
go forward, X indeed, kill, make (slaughter), murderer,
punish, slaughter, slay(-er, -ing), smite(-r, -ing), strike,
be stricken, (give) stripes, X surely, wound.
נָכָה (na.khah) — to smite.
1) to strike, smite, hit, beat, slay, kill
1a)(Niphal) to be stricken or smitten
1b) (Pual) to be stricken or smitten
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to smite, strike, beat, scourge, clap, applaud, give a thrust
1c2) to smite, kill, slay (man or beast)
1c3) to smite, attack, attack and destroy, conquer, subjugate, ravage
1c4) to smite, chastise, send judgment upon, punish, destroy
1d) (Hophal) to be smitten
1d1) to receive a blow
1d2) to be wounded
1d3) to be beaten
1d4) to be (fatally) smitten, be killed, be slain
1d5) to be attacked and captured
1d6) to be smitten (with disease)
1d7) to be blighted (of plants)
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms | Suff — Verb hiphil imperfect third person masculine singular · suffixHVhi3ms/Sp2ms
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'
יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)
יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb
יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D
the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy
יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh
base
H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel
3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'
from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish
national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.
see HEBREW for 01961
see HEBREW for 03050
see HEBREW for 03069
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.
Jehovah = "the existing One"
1) the proper name of the one true God
1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
N-proper — Noun properHNpt
שַׁחֶ֫פֶת (shachepheth) refers to a wasting disease or consumption, particularly affecting the lungs. It is derived from a related term indicating emaciation. The entries consistently describe it as an illness characterized by significant weight loss.
שַׁחֶ֫פֶת n.f. wasting disease, consumption
base
H7829 שַׁחֶ֫פֶת wasting disease, consumption
7829 shachepheth shakh-eh'-feth
from the same as 7828; emaciation:--consumption.
see HEBREW for 07828
שַׁחֶ֫פֶת (sha.che.phet) — illness.
1) consumption, wasting disease
1a) a wasting disease of the lungs
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHRd/Ncfsa
kon-sump'-shun (shachepheth, "wasting away"): One of the punishments which was to follow neglect or breach of the law. It may mean pulmonary consumption, which occurs frequently in Palestine; but from its association with fever in the texts, Le 26:16; De 28:22, it is more likely to be the much more common condition of wasting and emaciation from prolonged or often recurring attacks of malarial fever.
קַדַּ֫חַת (qaddachath) refers to fever or febrile disease, indicating a state of inflammation. It is derived from the root word for burning, and is mentioned in contexts such as Deuteronomy 28:22 and Leviticus 26:16.
H6920 קַדַּ֫חַת fever
6920 qaddachath kad-dakh'-ath
from 6919; inflammation, i.e. febrile disease:--burning
ague, fever.
see HEBREW for 06919
קַדַּ֫חַת (qad.da.chat) — fever.
fever
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Rd/Ncfsa
fe'-ver (qaddachath, dalleqeth; puretos, derived from a root signifying "to burn"):
A generic term, applied to all diseases characterized by high temperature of body. Several forms of febrile disease are among the commonest of all maladies in Palestine today, as they were also in the period covered by the Bible history. Of these the most prevalent is ague or intermittent malarial fever, which is common in all parts but especially in low-lying districts or places where there are pools or marshes in which mosquitoes breed, these insects being the commonest carriers of the malaria bacillus. These fevers are generally more severe in late summer and autumn, when the mosquitoes are most numerous, and when there is a liability to chill, owing to the sudden drop of temperature at sunset. During the day one uses as light clothing as possible, but immediately after sunset the air becomes chilly…
Fever
(Deut. 28:22; Matt. 8:14; Mark 1:30; John 4:52; Acts 28:8), a burning heat, as the word so rendered denotes, which attends all febrile attacks. In all Eastern countries such diseases are very common. Peter’s wife’s mother is said to have suffered from a “great fever” (Luke 4:38), an instance of Luke’s professional exactitude in describing disease. He adopts here the technical medical distinction, as in those times fevers were divided into the “great” and the “less.”
דַּלֶּ֫קֶת (dalleqeth) refers to inflammation or a burning fever. It is derived from the root word for burning, and it appears in Deuteronomy 28:22. The lexicons consistently define it as inflammation without significant disagreement.
דַּלֶּ֫קֶת n.f. inflammation, Dt 28:22.
done
H1816 דַּלֶּ֫קֶת inflammation
1816 dalleqeth dal-lek'-keth
: from 1814; a burning fever:--inflammation.
see HEBREW for 01814
דַּלֶּ֫קֶת (dal.le.qet) — inflammation.
inflammation
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Rd/Ncfsa
in-fla-ma'-shun (dalleqeth; rhigos): Only in De 28:22, was considered by Jewish writers as "burning fever," by Septuagint as a form of ague. Both this and typhoid fever are now, and probably were, among the commonest of the diseases of Palestine. See FEVER. In Le 13:28 the King James Version has "inflammation" as the rendering of tsarebheth, which Septuagint reads charakter, and for which the proper English equivalent is "scar," as in the Revised Version (British and American).
חַרְחֻר (charchur) refers to violent heat or fever, indicating extreme burning or inflammation. It is derived from a root associated with intense heat. The term appears in Deuteronomy 28:22, where it is used in the context of afflictions.
חַרְחֻר n.m. violent heat, fever—Dt 28:22.
ref
H2746 חַרְחֻר violent heat, fever
2746 charchur khar-khoor'
from 2787; fever (as hot); -extreme burning.
see HEBREW for 02787
חַרְחֻר (char.chur) — heat.
extreme heat, inflammation, violent heat, fever
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Rd/Ncmsa
het (chom, horebh, "drought," Job 30:30; Isa 4:6; 25:4; Jer 36:30; sharabh, Isa 49:10, translated in the Revised Version margin "mirage"; zestos, "fervent," Re 3:15, therme, Ac 28:3, kauma, Re 7:16, kauson, Mt 20:12; see MIRAGE):
1. Dreaded in Palestine:
The heat of the summer is greatly dreaded in Palestine, and as a rule the people rest under cover during the middle of the day, when the sun is hottest. There is no rain from May to October, and scarcely a cloud…
→ Jonah overcome with Jon 4:8
→ See SUNSTROKE
חֶ֫רֶב (chereb) means 'sword' and can also refer to other cutting instruments like knives and tools. It is derived from a root meaning 'drought,' highlighting its destructive nature. The term is used in various contexts in the Old Testament, primarily to denote weapons.
חֶ֫רֶב 411 n.f. sword (as weapon)
base
H2719 חֶ֫רֶב sword (as weapon)
2719 chereb kheh'-reb
from 2717; drought; also a cutting instrument (from its
destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp
implement:--axe, dagger, knife, mattock, sword, tool.
see HEBREW for 02717
חֶ֫רֶב (che.rev) — sword.
1) sword, knife
1a) sword
1b) knife
1c) tools for cutting stone
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Rd/Ncfsa
sord.
See ARMOR, III, 5.
Sword
Of the Hebrew was pointed, sometimes two-edged, was worn in a sheath, and suspended from the girdle (Ex. 32:27; 1 Sam. 31:4; 1 Chr. 21:27; Ps. 149:6: Prov. 5:4; Ezek. 16:40; 21:3-5).
It is a symbol of divine chastisement (Deut. 32:25; Ps. 7:12; 78:62), and of a slanderous tongue (Ps. 57:4; 64:3; Prov. 12:18). The word of God is likened also to a…
[ARMS, ARMOR]
שְׁדֵפָה (*shdephah*) refers to a blighted or blasted thing, while שִׁדָּפוֹן (*shiddaphown*) specifically denotes blight in crops. Both terms are derived from the root word for blight, and they are used interchangeably in some contexts. The entries indicate a close relationship between the two forms, emphasizing their agricultural implications.
שְׁדֵפָה n.f. blighted or blasted thing
base
שִׁדָּפוֹן n.m. blight, of crops
base
H7711a שְׁדֵפָה blighted or blasted thing H7711b שִׁדָּפוֹן blight, of crops
7711 shdephah shed-ay-faw'
or shiddaphown {shid-daw-fone'}; from 7710;
blight:--blasted(-ing).
see HEBREW for 07710
שְׁדֵפָה (she.de.phah) — blight.
blighted or blasted thing, blighted, blasted
Another spelling of shid.da.phon (שִׁדָּפוֹן "blight" H7711B)
שִׁדָּפוֹן (shid.da.phon) — blight.
blight (of crops)
Also means: she.de.phah (שְׁדֵפָה "blight" H7711A)
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Rd/Ncmsa
יֵרָקוֹן (yeraqown) refers to mildew, paleness, or lividness, indicating a change in color due to various conditions, such as fright in people or drought in plants. The term is derived from another Hebrew word related to color. The entries consistently highlight its association with mildew and paleness.
יֵרָקוֹן n.m. mildew, paleness, lividness
base
H3420 יֵרָקוֹן mildew, paleness, lividness
3420 yeraqown yay-raw-kone'
from 3418; paleness, whether of persons (from fright), or of
plants (from drought):--greenish, yellow.
see HEBREW for 03418
יֵרָקוֹן (ye.ra.qon) — mildew.
1) mildew, paleness, lividness
1a) mildew, rust
1b) paleness
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Rd/Ncmsa
mil'-du (yeraqon; Septuagint usually ikteros, literally, "jaundice"): In the 5 passages where it occurs it is associated with shiddaphon, "blasting" (De 28:22; 1Ki 8:37; 2Ch 6:28; Am 4:9; Hag 2:17). In Jer 30:6, the same word is translated "paleness," the yellow color of one with abdominal disease. The root-meaning is "greenish yellow"; compare the Arabic yarqan, meaning both "jaundice" and "blight." Mildrew or "rust" in grain is due to a special fungus, Puccinia graminis, whose life is divided between the barberry and cereals. Many other varieties of fungi which…
Mildew
(the rendering of a Hebrew word meaning “to be yellow,” yellowness), the result of cutting east winds blighting and thus rendering the grain unproductive (Deut. 28:22; 1 Kings 8:37; 2 Chr. 6:28).
רָדַף (radaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to pursue, chase, or persecute. It conveys the idea of running after something, often with hostile intent, and can also figuratively refer to following time or securing something. The word has various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, and Hiphil, each indicating different nuances of pursuit or being pursued.
רָדַף 141 vb. pursue, chase, persecute
Qal 128
pursue
lit. put to flight, chase
lit., the pursuers
chase, hunt
pursue
fig. persecute, harass
pursue, dog
fig. follow after, aim to secure
Niph. upon the neck (i.e. closely) we are pursued
Pi. pursue ardently
Pu. it shall be chased away like chaff of the mountains
Hiph. usu. they chased him
base
H7291 רָדַף pursue, chase, persecute
7291 radaph raw-daf'
a primitive root; to run after (usually with hostile intent;
figuratively (of time) gone by):--chase, put to flight,
follow (after, on), hunt, (be under) persecute(-ion, -or),
pursue(-r).
רָדַף (ra.daph) — to pursue.
1) to be behind, follow after, pursue, persecute, run after
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pursue, put to flight, chase, dog, attend closely upon
1a2) to persecute, harass (fig)
1a3) to follow after, aim to secure (fig)
1a4) to run after (a bribe) (fig)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be pursued
1b2) one pursued (participle)
1c) (Piel) to pursue ardently, aim eagerly to secure, pursue
1d) (Pual) to be pursued, be chased away
1e) (Hiphil) to pursue, chase
Conj | V-Qal-3cp | Suff — Verb qal sequential perfect third person common plural · suffixHc/Vqq3cp/Sp2ms
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Prep — PrepositionHR
אָבַד (abad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to perish or be lost. It encompasses a range of meanings, including dying, vanishing, and destruction, often in a moral or judgment context. The word appears in various forms in the Old Testament, with uses related to individuals, nations, and inanimate objects. The lexicons indicate that it can also imply causing something to perish or stray.
אָבַד vb. perish (M I אבד, As. abâtu Dl W 184 Aram אֲבַד, Syriac).—
Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָבְדוּ ψ 10:16 + (+ Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co) etc.; Impf. יֹאבַד Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; יֹאבֵ֑ד Jb 20:7 + 2t.; 3fs. תֹּאבַד Dt 22:3 + 4t.; תֹּאבֵ֑ד Jb 8:13 + 3t.; יֹאבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3t.; יֹאבֵ֑דוּ Jb 4:9 +; 3fpl. וַתֹּאבַדְנָה֙ I S 9:3; תֹּאבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נֹאבֵ֑ד Jon 1:6…
Read the full entry →H6 אָבַד perish .. perish, die, of individuals
. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory
. be lost, strayed
. . cause to perish, destroy, kill
. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with
. cause to stray, lose
. . destroy, put to death, in judgment
. fig. obj. name of kings; hope; voice of mirth etc.
6 'abad aw-bad'
a primitive root; properly, to wander away, i.e. lose
oneself; by implication to perish (causative,
destroy):--break, destroy(- uction), + not escape, fail,
lose, (cause to, make) perish, spend, X and surely, take, be
undone, X utterly, be void of, have no way to flee.
אָבַד (a.vad) — to perish.
1) perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) perish, die, be exterminated
1a2) perish, vanish (fig.)
1a3) be lost, strayed
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate
1b2) to blot out, do away with, cause to vanish, (fig.)
1b3) cause to stray, lose
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to destroy, put to death
1c1a) of divine judgment
1c2) object name of kings (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (אֲבַד "to destroy" H0007)
V-Qal-Inf-a | Suff — Verb qal infinitive construct common · suffixHVqcc/Sp2ms
