Daniel 8:22 — Word Study
WLCוְהַ֨נִּשְׁבֶּ֔רֶת וַתַּֽעֲמֹ֥דְנָה אַרְבַּ֖ע תַּחְתֶּ֑יהָ אַרְבַּ֧ע מַלְכֻי֛וֹת מִגּ֥וֹי יַעֲמֹ֖דְנָה וְלֹ֥א בְכֹחֽוֹ׃
BSAThe four [horns]ʼarbaʻ [a quartet of, consisting of four] that replacedtachath [stood up in place of, succeeded] the broken [one]shâbar [shattered, fractured] represent fourʼarbaʻ [symbolize, signify] kingdomsmalkûwth [royal powers, dominions] that will riseʻâmad▸ [arise, emerge] from that nationgôwy [Gentile people, non-Hebrew land] but will not havelôʼ [lack, be without] the same powerkôach [identical, equal, strength, might]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהַ֨נִּשְׁבֶּ֔רֶת | and the broken [horn] | Conjunction, particle, verb niphal participle (active) feminine singular |
| וַתַּֽעֲמֹ֥דְנָה | and they arose | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person feminine plural |
| אַרְבַּ֖ע | four [horns] | Adj |
| תַּחְתֶּ֑יהָ | in place its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| אַרְבַּ֧ע | four | Adj |
| מַלְכֻי֛וֹת | kingdoms | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| מִגּ֥וֹי | from a nation | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| יַעֲמֹ֖דְנָה | they will arise | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine plural |
| וְלֹ֥א | and not | Conjunction, particle |
| בְכֹחֽוֹ׃ | with power its | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The four horns that replaced the broken one represent four kingdoms that will rise from that nation, but will not have the same power. |
| KJV | Now that being broken, whereas four stood up for it, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power. |
| ASV | And as for that which was broken, in the place whereof four stood up, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not with his power. |
| YLT | and that being broken, stand up do four in its place, four kingdoms from the nation do stand up, and not in its power. |
| WEB | As for that which was broken, in the place where four stood up, four kingdoms will stand up out of the nation, but not with his power. |
| BBE | And as for that which was broken, in place of which four came up, four kingdoms will come up from his nation, but not with his power. |
All translations agree on the meaning of the broken horn and the rise of the four kingdoms.
The main clause introduces the subject, followed by subordinate phrases that elaborate on the nature and characteristics of the kingdoms.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאַרְבַּע
verbעָמַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 8:22
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Prophecy of the Four Hornsgenerated
Daniel 8:22 reveals a vision where four horns symbolize four kingdoms that will emerge from a fallen power. This passage is part of a larger prophecy concerning the future of empires, emphasizing the transient nature of their strength compared to the original kingdom. The context shows that despite their emergence, these kingdoms will not wield the same might as the one that was broken.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 8:3 | Then I lifted up my eyes and saw a ram with two horns standing beside the canal. The horns were long, but one was longer than the other, and the longer one grew up later. |
| 2 | Daniel 11:4 | But as soon as he is established, his kingdom will be broken up and parceled out toward the four winds of heaven. It will not go to his descendants, nor will it have the authority with which he ruled, because his kingdom will be uprooted and given to others. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — וְהַ֨נִּשְׁבֶּ֔רֶת, ve.Ha.nish.Be.retgenerated
The word שָׁבַר (shabar) means to break or shatter, indicating a violent rupture. In this verse, it describes the broken horn, symbolizing the fallen power of a kingdom. The Niphal participle form suggests that the horn has been acted upon, emphasizing the destruction rather than the act of breaking itself.
This broken horn represents a significant shift in power dynamics, as it is replaced by four new kingdoms. The use of this word highlights the intensity of the downfall and sets the stage for the rise of these new powers, which, despite their emergence, will not achieve the same level of strength.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree on the meaning of וְהַ֨נִּשְׁבֶּ֔רֶת as 'the broken one', indicating a clear consensus on the imagery of the shattered horn.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb תַּֽעֲמֹ֥דְנָה (ta'amodnah), meaning 'they arose', governs the sentence, with several phrases elaborating on the subject and its characteristics. The structure emphasizes the emergence of the four kingdoms in relation to the broken horn.
The sentence's construction allows for a clear understanding of the rise and nature of these kingdoms, with the subject אַרְבַּ֖ע (arba) being positioned prominently to highlight its significance.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates וְהַ֨נִּשְׁבֶּ֔רֶת as συντριβέντα, which carries a similar meaning of being shattered or broken. This choice reinforces the imagery of destruction and loss of power.
The Greek term ἀναβάντα for 'they arose' indicates a direct correlation with the Hebrew verb, emphasizing the action of rising up, while maintaining the original context of the prophecy.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 8:22 describes how four new kingdoms will arise after the fall of one. These kingdoms will emerge from that nation but will lack the same strength as the previous power. This verse highlights the transient nature of political power.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The four horns represent four kingdoms that will rise from the broken kingdom, indicating a division of power.
These kingdoms will lack the strength and unity that characterized the original kingdom, as indicated by the broken horn.
This prophecy is often interpreted as reflecting the historical division of Alexander the Great's empire into four parts after his death.
The broken horn symbolizes the end of a powerful reign and the beginning of a fragmented political landscape.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do I see the rise and fall of powers in history reflecting this prophecy?
- In what ways can I apply the lessons of strength and weakness in leadership to my own life?
- What does this passage teach about the nature of political power and its impermanence?
- How can the imagery of the broken horn inspire me to reflect on the fragility of human achievements?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Theodoret of Cyrus comments on this verse, explaining the division of Alexander's empire into four kingdoms and their inferiority to his strength.
After [Alexander’s] death his empire will be divided into four kingdoms, but though those reigning over them are four, they will not succeed in achieving what he achieved but will be seen to be much inferior to his strength.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 8 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 8:22 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleNow that being broken,.... That is, the great horn Alexander, the first king of the Grecian monarchy; whose death, either by drunkenness, or by poison, is here expressed by being "broken".
Read John Gill on Daniel 8 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryNow that being broken, whereas four stood up for it, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 8 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBeing broken, i.e. by death, which breaks the horn of all pride and earthly glory. Four stood up for it, i.e. four kingdoms of the nations of the Greeks. Not in his power; that is, not in his majesty and magnificence, but inferior to him.
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 8 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 8:22 Now that being broken, whereas four stood up for it, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power.Ver. 22. Now that being broken.] See Daniel 8:8.
Read John Trapp on Daniel 8 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(22) Not in his power—i.e., not like the first king.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 8 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 22. But not in his power.] The four kingdoms which shall arise out of the Macedonian empire shall not be of Alexander's power or family, nor have his strength and dignity.
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 8 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges22. And as for that which was broken, in the place whereof four stood up (R.V.), four kingdoms shall stand up, &c.] see on Daniel 8:8. stand up] i.e. arise. Late Hebrew uses ‘âmad, ‘to stand,’ or ‘stand up,’ where early Hebrew would say ḳ ?ûm, ‘to arise’ (e.g. Exodus 1:8): similarly Daniel 8:23, and several times in ch. 11. out of the nation] There is no art. in Heb.; and the passage, as it stands, reads baldly. Read probably, with LXX, Theod., Vulg., ‘his nation’ (gôyô for gôy), i.e. Alexander’s. but not with his power] None of the four kingdoms which ultimately (see on Daniel 8:8) took the place of the Macedonian empire possessed the power which Alexander enjoyed. Cf. Daniel 11:4 b.
Read Cambridge on Daniel 8 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleNow that being broken - By the death of Alexander. Whereas four stood up for it - Stood up in its place. Four kingdoms shall stand up - Ultimately. It is not necessary to suppose that this would be immediately.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 8 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The four horns that replaced the broken one represent four kingdoms that will rise from that nation, but will not have the same power.
As for that which was broken, in the place where four stood up, four kingdoms will stand up out of the nation, but not with his power.
The four horns that replaced the broken one represent four kingdoms that will rise from that nation but will not have the same power.
The horn that was broken and in whose place there arose four others stands for four kingdoms that will arise from his nation, though they will not have his strength.
Tyndale line
Now that being broken, whereas four stood up for it, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power.
And as for that which was broken, in the place whereof four stood up, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not with his power.
And as for that which was broken, in the place whereof four stood up, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not with his power.
Now that being broken, whereas four stood up in its place, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power.
And that that is broken, and foure stoode vp for it, are foure kingdomes, which shall stand vp of that nation, but not in his strength.
Strictly literal
Now that being broken, whereas four stood up in its stead, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not with his power.
and that being broken, stand up do four in its place, four kingdoms from the nation do stand up, and not in its power.
and that being broken, four stand up in its place, four kingdoms stand up from the nation, and not in its power.
But that it was broken, and that four sprung up in its stead, [signifieth that] four kingdoms will spring up out of the nation, but not with his power.
As for the horn that was broken, in the place of which four others arose—four kingdoms will arise from his nation, but not with his great power.
From the Latin
But whereas when that was broken, there arose up four for it: four kings shall rise up of his nation, but not with his strength.
Simplified
The four horns that came up in place of the large horn that was broken represent the four kingdoms that arose from that nation, but not as powerful as the first.
And as for that which was broken, in place of which four came up, four kingdoms will come up from his nation, but not with his power.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint generally agree in their wording, with nine out of ten words matched. This indicates a strong consistency in the transmission of this verse, affirming its prophetic message.
וְהַ֨נִּשְׁבֶּ֔רֶת וַתַּֽעֲמֹ֥דְנָה אַרְבַּ֖ע תַּחְתֶּ֑יהָ אַרְבַּ֧ע מַלְכֻי֛וֹת מִגּ֥וֹי יַעֲמֹ֖דְנָה וְלֹ֥א בְכֹחֽוֹ׃
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 8:22
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁבַר (shabar) means to break or shatter, with various nuances including breaking in pieces, causing to break out (like bringing to birth), and being broken or crushed. It appears in different forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating active and passive meanings. The lexicons do not present any significant disagreements.
שָׁבַר 148 vb. break, break in pieces
Qal 53 break, lit.
Niph. 57 be broken
Pi. 26 shatter, break
Hiph. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth
Hoph. be broken, shattered (in heart)
base
H7665 שָׁבַר break, break in pieces .break, lit.
. be broken
. shatter, break
. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth
. be broken, shattered (in heart)
7665 shabar shaw-bar'
a primitive root; to burst (literally or
figuratively):--break (down, off, in pieces, up),
broken((-hearted)), bring to the birth, crush, destroy, hurt,
quench, X quite, tear, view (by mistake for 7663).
see HEBREW for 07663
שָׁבַר (sha.var) — to break.
1) to break, break in pieces
1a) (Qal)
1a1) break, break in or down, rend violently, wreck, crush, quench
1a2) to break, rupture (fig)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be broken, be maimed, be crippled, be wrecked
1b2) to be broken, be crushed (fig)
1c) (Piel) to shatter, break
1d) (Hiphil) to cause to break out, bring to the birth
1e) (Hophal) to be broken, be shattered
Aramaic equivalent: te.var (תְּבַר "to break" H8406)
Conj | Art | V-Niphal-Inf-c — Conjunction · particle · verb niphal participle (active) feminine singularHC/Td/VNrfsa
horn (Hebrew and Aramaic qeren; keras; for the "ram's horn" (yobhel) of Jos 6 see MUSIC, and for the "inkhorn" of Eze 9 (qeceth) see separate article):
(1) Qeren and keras represent the English "horn" exactly, whether on the animal (Ge 22:13), or used for musical purposes (Jos 6:5; 1Ch 25:5), or for containing a liquid (1Sa 16:1,13; 1Ki 1:39), but in Eze 27:15 the horns of ivory are of course tusks and the "horns" of ebony are small (pointed?) logs. Consequently most of the usages require no explanation.
Horn
Trumpets were at first horns perforated at the tip, used for various purposes (Josh. 6:4,5).
Flasks or vessels were made of horn (1 Sam. 16:1, 13; 1 Kings 1:39).
But the word is used also metaphorically to denote the projecting corners of the altar of burnt offerings (Ex. 27:2) and of incense (30:2). The horns of the altar of burnt offerings were to be smeared with the blood of the slain bullock (29:12; Lev. 4:7-18). The criminal, when his crime was accidental, found an asylum by laying hold of the horns of the altar (1 Kings 1:50; 2:28).
The word "horn" is often used metaphorically to signify strength and honor, because horns are the chief weapons and ornaments of the animals which possess them; hence they are also used as a type of victory. Of strength the horn of the unicorn was the most frequent representative, (33:17) etc., but not always; comp. (1 Kings 22:11) where probably horns of iron, worn defiantly and symbolically on the head, are intended. Among the Druses upon Mount Lebanon the married women wear silver horns on their heads. In the sense of honor, the word horn stands for the abstract "my horn," (Job 16:16) "all the horn of Israel," (1 Samuel 2:3) and so for the supreme authority. It also stands for the concrete , whence it comes to mean king…
Of animals were used as drinking vessels, and to hold ointments, perfumes, etc., 1Sa 16:1 1Ki 1:39. The "horns of the altar" were its four corners and elevation on them, Ex 27:2 30:2. See ALTAR.
The principal defense and ornament of many beasts are in their horns; and hence the horn is often a symbol of strength, honor, and dominion. The Lord exalted the horn of David, and of his people; he breaketh the horn of salvation, and of defiling the horn in the dust, De 33:17 1Sa 2:1,10 Job 16:15 Ps 75:10
The Hebrew word עָמַד (amad) means to stand and encompasses a variety of related actions such as remaining, enduring, and taking a stand. It can refer to both literal and figurative stances, including presenting oneself or being appointed. The word appears in various contexts, including standing still, ceasing movement, and even serving. There are different forms of the verb, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, each with specific nuances.
עָמַד 620 take one's stand, stand
Qal 435
take one's stand, and (esp. pt.) stand, be in a standing attitude
stand forth
take a stand against, in opposition to
present oneself before
attend upon, be(come) servant of
stand afar
stand (silent)
stand (appealingly)
stand, subj. רֶגֶל
stand, of water
stand still, stop, cease moving
= be inactive
= be attentive
stop, cease doing a thing
tarry, delay
remain
continue, abide
endure
be steadfast
persist
make a stand, hold one's ground
stand upright
arise, appear, come on the scene
stand forth, appear = come into being
rise up as foe
rare usages
Hiph.
83station, set
cause to stand firm
cause to stand up, set up, erect
present one before king
appoint
other meanings
Hoph. be presented
base
H5975 עָמַד take one's stand, stand .. . take one's stand, and (esp. pt.) stand, be in a standing attitude
. stand forth
. take a stand against, in opposition to
. present oneself before
. attend upon, be(come) servant of
. stand afar
. stand (silent)
. stand (appealingly)
. stand, subj. רֶגֶל
. stand, of water
. . stand still, stop, cease moving
. = be inactive
. = be attentive
. stop, cease doing a thing
. . tarry, delay
. remain
. continue, abide
. endure
. be steadfast
. persist
. make a stand, hold one's ground
. stand upright
. . arise, appear, come on the scene
. stand forth, appear = come into being
. rise up as foe
. rare usages
. . station, set
. cause to stand firm
. cause to stand up, set up, erect
. present one before king
. appoint
. other meanings
. be presented
5975 `amad aw-mad'
a primitive root; to stand, in various relations (literal and
figurative, intransitive and transitive):--abide (behind),
appoint, arise, cease, confirm, continue, dwell, be employed,
endure, establish, leave, make, ordain, be (over), place, (be)
present (self), raise up, remain, repair, + serve, set (forth,
over, -tle, up), (make to, make to be at a, with-)stand (by,
fast, firm, still, up), (be at a) stay (up), tarry.
עָמַד (a.mad) — to stand: stand.
: stand/stop/establish
1) to stand, remain, endure, take one's stand
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to stand, take one's stand, be in a standing attitude, stand forth, take a stand, present oneself, attend upon, be or become servant of
1a2) to stand still, stop (moving or doing), cease
1a3) to tarry, delay, remain, continue, abide, endure, persist, be steadfast
1a4) to make a stand, hold one's ground
1a5) to stand upright, remain standing, stand up, rise, be erect, be upright
1a6) to arise, appear, come on the scene, stand forth, appear, rise up or against
1a7) to stand with, take one's stand, be appointed, grow flat, grow insipid
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to station, set
1b2) to cause to stand firm, maintain
1b3) to cause to stand up, cause to set up, erect
1b4) to present (one) before (king)
1b5) to appoint, ordain, establish
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine pluralHc/Vqw3fp
אַרְבַּע (arba) means 'four' in Hebrew. It is a masculine noun derived from the root associated with the number four. The entries consistently affirm this meaning without any significant disagreement among lexicons.
אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
base
H702 אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
702 'arba` ar-bah'
masculine oarbaah {ar-baw-aw'}; from 7251; four:--four.
see HEBREW for 07251
אַרְבַּע (ar.ba) — four.
four
Adj — AdjHAcbsa
תַּחַת (tachath) refers to the concept of being underneath or below. It can function as a noun meaning 'the under part,' or as an adverb and preposition indicating position or substitution, such as 'instead of' or 'for the sake of.' The word encompasses various uses, including physical placement and metaphorical meanings related to subjection or exchange.
תַּחַת n.[m.] the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
base
H8478 תַּחַת the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
8478 tachath takh'-ath
from the same as 8430; the bottom (as depressed); only
adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix
underneath), in lieu of, etc.:--as, beneath, X flat,
in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead
of, under, X unto, X when...was mine, whereas, (where-)fore,
with.
see HEBREW for 08430
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: under.
: under/below
1) the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas n m
1a) the under part adv accus
1b) beneath prep
1c) under, beneath
1c1) at the foot of (idiom)
1c2) sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (fig)
1c3) of subjection or conquest
1d) what is under one, the place in which one stands
1d1) in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)
1d2) in place of, instead of (in transferred sense)
1d3) in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged)
conj
1e) instead of, instead of that
1f) in return for that, because that in compounds
1g) in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion)
1h) from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: instead.
: instead/in_place/exchange
Prep | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs
אַרְבַּע (arba) means 'four' in Hebrew. It is a masculine noun derived from the root associated with the number four. The entries consistently affirm this meaning without any significant disagreement among lexicons.
אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
base
H702 אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
702 'arba` ar-bah'
masculine oarbaah {ar-baw-aw'}; from 7251; four:--four.
see HEBREW for 07251
אַרְבַּע (ar.ba) — four.
four
Adj — AdjHAcbsc
for ('arba`; tessares): "Four" (cardinal number) was a sacred and complete number with the Hebrews, as well as with several other peoples. It occurs very frequently in the Old Testament and the New Testament.
(1) It indicates completeness. We have the four rivers of Paradise (Ge 2:10); the four winds of heaven (Eze 37:9; Da 7:2; 8:8; 11:4; Zec 6:5, the Revised Version, margin "spirits"; /APC 2Esdras 13:5); "the four winds" (Mt 24:31; Mr 13:27); "the four corners of the earth" (Isa 11:12;
מַלְכוּת (malkuwth) refers to concepts of royalty, royal power, reign, and kingdom. It is derived from the root meaning 'to rule' and encompasses ideas of dominion and sovereignty. The term appears in various contexts within the Old Testament, emphasizing authority and governance.
מַלְכוּת n.f. royalty, royal power, reign, kingdom
royal power, dominion
reign
kingdom, realm
base
H4438 מַלְכוּת royalty, royal power, reign, kingdom
4438 malkuwth mal-kooth'
or malkuth {mal-kooth'}; or (in plural) malkuyah
{mal-koo-yah'}; from 4427; a rule; concretely, a
dominion:--empire, kingdom, realm, reign, royal.
see HEBREW for 04427
מַלְכוּת (mal.khut) — royalty.
1) royalty, royal power, reign, kingdom, sovereign power
1a) royal power, dominion
1b) reign
1c) kingdom, realm
Aramaic equivalent: mal.khu (מַלְכוּ "kingdom" H4437)
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
גּוֹי (goy) refers to a nation or people, often indicating non-Hebrew groups, but can also encompass descendants of Abraham and Israel. It may figuratively describe a swarm of locusts or animals. The plural form, גּוֹיִם (goyim), is noted as a proper noun referring to the people of Goim, specifically mentioned in Genesis 14:1.
גּוֹי 661 n.m. nation, people
base
גּוֹיִם n.pr.gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
base
H1471a גּוֹי nation, people H1471b גּוֹיִם n. pr. gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
1471 gowy go'-ee
rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}; apparently from the same
root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation;
hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a
flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.
see HEBREW for 01465
גּוֹי (goy) — nation.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
גּוֹיִם (go.yim) — Goiim.
People descended from Goy(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.1
§ Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
גּוֹי (goy) — Gentile.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
1c) Goyim? = "nations"
Also named: ethnos (ἔθνος "Gentiles" G1484)
גּוֹי (goy) — (Harosheth)-hagoyim.
Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
Combined with cha.ro.shet (חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת "Harosheth" H2800)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
The Hebrew word עָמַד (amad) means to stand and encompasses a variety of related actions such as remaining, enduring, and taking a stand. It can refer to both literal and figurative stances, including presenting oneself or being appointed. The word appears in various contexts, including standing still, ceasing movement, and even serving. There are different forms of the verb, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, each with specific nuances.
עָמַד 620 take one's stand, stand
Qal 435
take one's stand, and (esp. pt.) stand, be in a standing attitude
stand forth
take a stand against, in opposition to
present oneself before
attend upon, be(come) servant of
stand afar
stand (silent)
stand (appealingly)
stand, subj. רֶגֶל
stand, of water
stand still, stop, cease moving
= be inactive
= be attentive
stop, cease doing a thing
tarry, delay
remain
continue, abide
endure
be steadfast
persist
make a stand, hold one's ground
stand upright
arise, appear, come on the scene
stand forth, appear = come into being
rise up as foe
rare usages
Hiph.
83station, set
cause to stand firm
cause to stand up, set up, erect
present one before king
appoint
other meanings
Hoph. be presented
base
H5975 עָמַד take one's stand, stand .. . take one's stand, and (esp. pt.) stand, be in a standing attitude
. stand forth
. take a stand against, in opposition to
. present oneself before
. attend upon, be(come) servant of
. stand afar
. stand (silent)
. stand (appealingly)
. stand, subj. רֶגֶל
. stand, of water
. . stand still, stop, cease moving
. = be inactive
. = be attentive
. stop, cease doing a thing
. . tarry, delay
. remain
. continue, abide
. endure
. be steadfast
. persist
. make a stand, hold one's ground
. stand upright
. . arise, appear, come on the scene
. stand forth, appear = come into being
. rise up as foe
. rare usages
. . station, set
. cause to stand firm
. cause to stand up, set up, erect
. present one before king
. appoint
. other meanings
. be presented
5975 `amad aw-mad'
a primitive root; to stand, in various relations (literal and
figurative, intransitive and transitive):--abide (behind),
appoint, arise, cease, confirm, continue, dwell, be employed,
endure, establish, leave, make, ordain, be (over), place, (be)
present (self), raise up, remain, repair, + serve, set (forth,
over, -tle, up), (make to, make to be at a, with-)stand (by,
fast, firm, still, up), (be at a) stay (up), tarry.
עָמַד (a.mad) — to stand: stand.
: stand/stop/establish
1) to stand, remain, endure, take one's stand
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to stand, take one's stand, be in a standing attitude, stand forth, take a stand, present oneself, attend upon, be or become servant of
1a2) to stand still, stop (moving or doing), cease
1a3) to tarry, delay, remain, continue, abide, endure, persist, be steadfast
1a4) to make a stand, hold one's ground
1a5) to stand upright, remain standing, stand up, rise, be erect, be upright
1a6) to arise, appear, come on the scene, stand forth, appear, rise up or against
1a7) to stand with, take one's stand, be appointed, grow flat, grow insipid
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to station, set
1b2) to cause to stand firm, maintain
1b3) to cause to stand up, cause to set up, erect
1b4) to present (one) before (king)
1b5) to appoint, ordain, establish
HVqi3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine pluralHVqi3fp
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particleHC/Tn
כֹּחַ (koach) refers to both a small reptile, likely a type of lizard, and the concepts of strength and power. The entries highlight its use in contexts of human and divine strength, as well as its association with wealth and capacity. Notably, it appears in Leviticus 11:30 regarding unclean animals.
כֹּחַ n.[m.] a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things Lv 11:30; chameleon
ref
כֹּחַ and כּוֹחַ n.m. strength, power
base
H3581a כֹּחַ a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things; chameleon H3581b כֹּחַ and כּוֹחַ strength, power
3581 koach ko'-akh
or (Dan. 11:6) kowach {ko'-akh}; from an unused root meaning
to be firm; vigor, literally (force, in a good or a bad sense)
or figuratively (capacity, means, produce); also (from its
hardiness) a large lizard: -ability, able, chameleon, force,
fruits, might, power(-ful), strength, substance, wealth.
כֹּחַ (ko.ach) — reptile.
1) a small reptile, probably a kind of lizard, which is unclean
1a) perhaps an extinct animal, exact meaning is unknown
כֹּחַ (ko.ach) — strength.
1) strength, power, might
1a) human strength
1b) strength (of angels)
1c) power (of God)
1d) strength (of animals)
1e) strength, produce, wealth (of soil)
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms