Daniel 7:23 — Word Study
WLCכֵּן֮ אֲמַר֒ חֵֽיוְתָא֙ רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א מַלְכ֤וּ רְבִיעָאָה֙ תֶּהֱוֵ֣א בְאַרְעָ֔א דִּ֥י תִשְׁנֵ֖א מִן־ כָּל־ מַלְכְוָתָ֑א וְתֵאכֻל֙ כָּל־ אַרְעָ֔א וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ׃
BSA◂This is whatkên he saidʼămar The fourthrᵉbîyʻay [last in a series of four] beast ischêyvâʼ [living creature] a fourthrᵉbîyʻay [final, concluding] kingdommalkûw [realm, domain of a king] that will appearhâvâʼ [come into existence, arise] on the earthʼăraʻ [the world, human domain] differentshᵉnâʼ [distinct, unique] frommin allkôl the other kingdomsmalkûw [nations, empires] and it will devourʼăkal▸ [consume, eat up] the wholekôl earthʼăraʻ [all the world, entire planet] trample it downdûwsh△▸ [tread down, overpower] and crush itdᵉqaq▸ [break, shatter]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| כֵּן֮ | as follows | Adverb |
| אֲמַר֒ | he said | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| חֵֽיוְתָא֙ | beast the | Noun common feminine singular determined, particle |
| רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א | fourth | Particle |
| מַלְכ֤וּ | a kingdom | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| רְבִיעָאָה֙ | fourth the | Particle |
| תֶּהֱוֵ֣א | it will be | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine singular |
| בְאַרְעָ֔א | on earth the | Preposition, noun common both singular determined, particle |
| דִּ֥י | which | Conjunction |
| תִשְׁנֵ֖א | it will be different | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine singular |
| מִן־ | from | Preposition |
| כָּל־ | all | Noun common, both singular construct |
| מַלְכְוָתָ֑א | kingdoms the | Noun common feminine plural determined, particle |
| וְתֵאכֻל֙ | so it may devour | Conjunction, verb qal third person feminine singular |
| כָּל־ | all | Noun common, both singular construct |
| אַרְעָ֔א | earth the | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ | and it will tread down it | Conjunction, verb qal third person feminine singular, suffix |
| וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ׃ | and it will shatter it | Conjunction, verb hiphil third person feminine singular, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | This is what he said: ‘The fourth beast is a fourth kingdom that will appear on the earth, different from all the other kingdoms, and it will devour the whole earth, trample it down, and crush it. |
| KJV | Thus he said, The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces. |
| ASV | Thus he said, The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces. |
| YLT | 'Thus he said: The fourth beast is the fourth kingdom in the earth, that is diverse from all kingdoms, and it consumeth all the earth, and treadeth it down, and breaketh it small. |
| WEB | “So he said, ‘The fourth animal will be a fourth kingdom on earth, which will be different from all the kingdoms, and will devour the whole earth, and will tread it down and break it in pieces. |
| BBE | This is what he said: The fourth beast is a fourth kingdom which will come on earth, different from all the kingdoms, and it will overcome all the earth, crushing it down and smashing it. |
All translations agree on the essential meaning of the fourth beast as a powerful kingdom.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by several subordinate phrases that elaborate on the nature and actions of the fourth beast.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbאֲמַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 18 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 7:23
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Vision of the Four Beastsgenerated
Daniel 7:23 presents a vision where Daniel learns about a fourth beast, symbolizing a kingdom that will rise and be distinct from previous kingdoms. This passage is part of a larger prophetic narrative that outlines the rise and fall of empires, emphasizing the sovereignty of God over earthly powers. The fourth kingdom is depicted as powerful and destructive, foreshadowing future events in the biblical narrative.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 7:7 | After this, as I watched in my vision in the night, suddenly a fourth beast appeared, and it was terrifying—dreadful and extremely strong—with large iron teeth. It devoured and crushed; then it trampled underfoot whatever was left. It was different from all the beasts before it, and it had ten horns. |
| 2 | Daniel 2:40 | Finally, there will be a fourth kingdom as strong as iron; for iron shatters and crushes all things, and like iron that crushes all things, it will shatter and crush all the others. |
| 3 | Luke 2:1 | Now in those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that a census should be taken of the whole empire. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חֵֽיוְתָא֙, chei.ve.Ta'generated
The Aramaic word חֵיוְתָא (chei.ve.Ta') means 'beast' or 'living creature.' It refers to a type of animal and is used in the context of this vision to symbolize a kingdom. The word is derived from a root that relates to living beings, indicating its connection to the nature of the kingdom it represents.
In this verse, it emphasizes the ferocity and power of the fourth kingdom, highlighting its role in the prophetic vision of Daniel. The use of 'beast' suggests a creature that is both formidable and threatening, which aligns with the characteristics of the kingdom described.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is presented in the Berean Standard Bible, with similar wording found in the KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main finite verb is אֲמַר, he said, which introduces the description of the fourth beast. The structure consists of a series of clauses that elaborate on the characteristics of the beast and its kingdom.
The sentence is complex, with clauses detailing what the beast is, its nature, and its actions. The arrangement emphasizes the significance of the beast's role in the prophetic vision.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates חֵיוְתָא as θηρίου (thēriou), which also means 'beast' or 'animal.' This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Aramaic term, maintaining the imagery of a powerful creature.
This translation choice underlines the ferocity attributed to the kingdom, aligning with the broader themes of dominance and destruction found in the text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 7:23 describes a vision where a fourth beast represents a powerful kingdom that will rise on earth, distinct from all previous kingdoms. This kingdom will consume and overpower everything in its path, emphasizing its destructive nature.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The fourth beast symbolizes a powerful kingdom that will dominate the earth, differing from all prior kingdoms.
It is described as different because it will exhibit unique characteristics of power and destruction, unlike previous kingdoms.
The act of devouring signifies total domination and destruction, highlighting the beast's overwhelming power.
This vision is part of a broader prophetic narrative in Daniel that outlines the rise and fall of empires, emphasizing God's sovereignty over history.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What characteristics of the fourth beast stand out to you, and how do they reflect the nature of earthly kingdoms?
- In what ways can we see the fulfillment of this prophecy in history?
- How does understanding the nature of this beast inform our view of power and authority in the world today?
- What lessons can we draw from Daniel's vision about God's control over nations and kingdoms?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church writers referenced this verse to discuss prophetic insights, particularly regarding the nature of kingdoms and God's sovereignty.
These doctrines are not the fruit of ingenuity but are derived from the sacred Scriptures read in the church, particularly as gathered out of the prophecy of Daniel, in today’s lection,Early Church Fathers on Daniel 7 →
These things were once taught people through riddles, but we ourselves have learned these very things by experience. We see the fulfillment of the prophecy;Early Church Fathers on Daniel 7 →
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 7:23 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThus he said,.... The person that stood by, the angel, of whom Daniel made his inquiries, and who answered him, as follows: the fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom on earth; which shows that the
Read John Gill on Daniel 7 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThus he said, The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces. No JFB commentary on this verse.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 7 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 7:23 Thus he said, The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.Ver. 23. Thus he said.] So ready are the holy angels to further good desires.
Read John Trapp on Daniel 7 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(23) The fourth kingdom.—The ten are spoken of as existing simultaneously. Of the various attempts to account for them, none have proved satisfactory. (See Excursus E.) We must wait in patient humility for the fulfilment of this part of the prophecy, noting that marks by which the little horn may be identified have been graciously revealed to us by God Himself.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 7 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThus he said ... - That is, in explanation of the fourth symbol which appeared - the fourth beast, and of the events connected with his appearing.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 7 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible23. For the proof that this fourth kingdom was not Rome or Greece, but the Syriac-Egyptian kingdom which immediately followed that of Alexander the Great, see notes Daniel 7:7 and Daniel 2:39-40.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Daniel 7 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
This is what he said: ‘The fourth beast is a fourth kingdom that will appear on the earth, different from all the other kingdoms, and it will devour the whole earth, trample it down, and crush it.
“So he said, ‘The fourth animal will be a fourth kingdom on earth, which will be different from all the kingdoms, and will devour the whole earth, and will tread it down and break it in pieces.
This is what he said: ‘The fourth beast is a fourth kingdom that will appear on the earth, different from all the other kingdoms, and it will devour the whole earth, trample it down, and crush it.
“This is what he told me: ‘The fourth beast means that there will be a fourth kingdom on earth that will differ from all the other kingdoms. It will devour all the earth and will trample and crush it.
Tyndale line
Thus he said, The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.
Thus he said, The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.
Thus he said, The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.
Thus he said, The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.
Then he said, The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdome in the earth, which shall be vnlike to all the kingdomes, and shall deuoure the whole earth, and shall treade it downe and breake it in pieces.
Strictly literal
He said thus: The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon the earth, which shall be different from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.
'Thus he said: The fourth beast is the fourth kingdom in the earth, that is diverse from all kingdoms, and it consumeth all the earth, and treadeth it down, and breaketh it small.
Thus he said: The fourth beast is the fourth kingdom in the earth, that is diverse from all kingdoms, and it consumes all the earth, and treads it down, and breaks it small.
Thus said he, The fourth beast [signifieth that] a fourth kingdom will be upon earth, which is to be different from all kingdoms, and will devour all the earth, and will tread it down, and grind it up.
This is what that person said, 'As for the fourth animal, it will be a fourth kingdom on earth that will be different from all the other kingdoms. It will devour the whole earth, and it will trample it down and break it into pieces.
From the Latin
And thus he said: The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be greater than all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.
Simplified
Then he told me, “The fourth beast stands for the fourth kingdom to rule the earth. It will be different from all the rest of the kingdoms. The beast will eat up the whole world, trampling it down and crushing it.
This is what he said: The fourth beast is a fourth kingdom which will come on earth, different from all the kingdoms, and it will overcome all the earth, crushing it down and smashing it.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the essential wording of the verse, with 15 of the 18 words matching. The Dead Sea Scrolls fragment provides a partial agreement, with some words supplied by an editor, indicating a consistent tradition in the transmission of this text.
כֵּן֮ אֲמַר֒ חֵֽיוְתָא֙ רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א מַלְכ֤וּ רְבִיעָאָה֙ תֶּהֱוֵ֣א בְאַרְעָ֔א דִּ֥י תִשְׁנֵ֖א מִן־ כָּל־ מַלְכְוָתָ֑א וְתֵאכֻל֙ כָּל־ אַרְעָ֔א וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ׃
15 of the 18 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[כן] [אמר] [חות] [א] [רביעית] [א] [מלכו] [רביעיא] [תהוא] בארע א
11 words of the verse are on this fragment — 9 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 7:23
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
כֵּן (ken) is an adverb meaning 'thus' or 'so.' It is derived from an Aramaic root and is used to indicate a manner or way of doing something. The entries consistently define it in this way, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
כֵּן adv. thus, as follows
base
H3652 כֵּן
3652 ken kane
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3651; so:--thus.
see HEBREW for 03651
כֵּן (ken) — thus.
thus, so, as follows
Aramaic of ken (כֵּן "so" H3651C)
Adj — AdverbAD
אֲמַר (amar) means to say, tell, command, or speak. It is used in various contexts to express communication or declaration. The word is related to the Aramaic form and is linked to another Hebrew root, אָמַר (H0559). The entries consistently emphasize its verbal nature without significant disagreement.
אֲמַר 71 vb. say, tell, command
base
H560 אֲמַר say, tell, command
560 'amar am-ar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 559:--command, declare, say,
speak, tell.
see HEBREW for 0559
אֲמַר (a.mar) — to say.
(P'al) to say, to speak, to command, to tell, to relate
Aramaic of a.mar (אָמַר "to say" H0559)
Adj — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularAVqp3ms
חֵיוָא (cheyva') is an Aramaic word meaning 'beast' or 'animal.' It derives from the root related to living things, specifically חַיָּה (chay.yah). The entries consistently define it as a type of animal without significant disagreement.
חֵיוָא, חֵיוָה n.f. beast
base
H2423 חֵיוָא, חֵיוָה
2423 cheyva' khay-vaw'
(Aramaic) from 2418; an animal:--beast.
see HEBREW for 02418
חֵיוָא (che.va) — beast.
beast, animal
Aramaic of chay.yah (חַיָּה "living thing" H2416C)
Adj | Art — Noun common feminine singular determined · particleANcfsd/Ta
best: This word occurs often in both Old and New Testaments and denotes generally a mammal (though sometimes a reptile) in distinction to a man, a bird, or a fish. In this distinction the English is fairly in accord with the Hebrew and Greek originals. The commonest Hebrew words behemah and chai have their counterpart in the Arabic as do three others less often used, be`ir (Ge 45:17; Ex 22:5; Nu 20:8 the King James Version), nephesh (Le 24:18), and Tebhach (Pr 9:2). Behemah and A rabic bahimah are from a root signifying vagueness or dumbness and so denote primarily a dumb beast. Chai and Arabic chaiwan are from the root…
Beast
This word is used of flocks or herds of grazing animals (Ex. 22:5; Num. 20:4, 8, 11; Ps. 78:48); of beasts of burden (Gen. 45:17); of eatable beasts (Prov. 9:2); and of swift beasts or dromedaries (Isa. 60:6). In the New Testament it is used of a domestic animal as property (Rev. 18:13); as used for food (1 Cor. 15:39), for service (Luke 10:34; Acts…
רְבִיעִי (*rbiy`ay*) means 'fourth' and is an ordinal adjective in Aramaic, derived from the related term רְבִיעַי (*re.vi.i*). It corresponds to the Hebrew word for 'fourth' found in H7243. The entries consistently define it as an ordinal number without significant disagreement.
[רְבִיעִי] adj.num.ord. fourth
base
H7244 רְבִיעִי, רְבִיעַי
7244 rbiy`ay reb-ee-ah'-ee
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7243 -- fourth.
see HEBREW for 07243
רְבִיעִי (re.vi.ay) — fourth.
fourth
Aramaic of re.vi.i (רְבִיעִי "fourth" H7243)
Adj | Art — ParticleAAofsd/Ta
מַלְכוּ (malkuw) refers to concepts of royalty and dominion, encompassing meanings like kingdom, reign, and kingly authority. It is used in both abstract and concrete contexts, indicating a realm or territory as well. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.
מַלְכוּ n.f. royalty, reign, kingdom
base
H4437 מַלְכוּ
4437 malkuw mal-koo'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4438; dominion (abstractly or
concretely):--kingdom, kingly, realm, reign.
see HEBREW for 04438
מַלְכוּ (mal.khu) — kingdom.
1) royalty, reign, kingdom
1a) royalty, kingship, kingly authority
1b) kingdom
1c) realm (of territory)
1d) reign (of time)
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
רְבִיעִי (*rbiy`ay*) means 'fourth' and is an ordinal adjective in Aramaic, derived from the related term רְבִיעַי (*re.vi.i*). It corresponds to the Hebrew word for 'fourth' found in H7243. The entries consistently define it as an ordinal number without significant disagreement.
[רְבִיעִי] adj.num.ord. fourth
base
H7244 רְבִיעִי, רְבִיעַי
7244 rbiy`ay reb-ee-ah'-ee
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7243 -- fourth.
see HEBREW for 07243
רְבִיעִי (re.vi.ay) — fourth.
fourth
Aramaic of re.vi.i (רְבִיעִי "fourth" H7243)
Adj | Art — ParticleAAobsd/Ta
הֲוָא (hava') means to come to pass, become, or be. It is used in various contexts, often in connection with other words, indicating actions like to see, seek, or walk. The entries highlight its range of applications in both Hebrew and Aramaic, with a focus on existence and becoming.
הֲוָא, הֲוָה 71 vb. come to pass, become, be
base
H1934 הֲוָא, הֲוָה come to pass, become, be
1934 hava' hav-aw'
(Aramaic) orhavah (Aramaic) {hav-aw'}; corresponding to 1933;
to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially
in connection with other words):--be, become, + behold, + came
(to pass), + cease, + cleave, + consider, + do, + give, +
have, + judge, + keep, + labour, + mingle (self), + put, +
see, + seek, + set, + slay, + take heed, tremble, + walk, +
would.
see HEBREW for 01933
הֲוָא (ha.va) — to be.
1) to come to pass, become, be
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to come to pass
1a2) to come into being, arise, become, come to be
1a2a) to let become known (with participle of knowing)
1a3) to be
Adj — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singularAVqi3fs
אֲרַע (ara) refers to the earth or soil, with implications of being low or inferior. It is an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew word for earth, אֶ֫רֶץ (erets). The entries suggest a range of meanings including earth, ground, and planet.
[אֲרַע] 21 n.[f.] earth
base
H772 אֲרַע
772 'ara` ar-ah'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 776; the earth; by implication
(figuratively) low:--earth, interior.
see HEBREW for 0776
אֲרַע (a.ra) — earth: soil.
: soil
earth, world, ground
Aramaic of e.rets (אֶ֫רֶץ ": soil" H0776H)
אֲרַע (a.ra) — earth: inferior.
: inferior
earth, world, ground
Aramaic of e.rets (אֶ֫רֶץ ": soil" H0776H)
אֲרַע (a.ra) — earth: planet.
: planet
earth, world, ground
Aramaic of e.rets (אֶ֫רֶץ ": soil" H0776H)
Adj | N-fs | Art — Preposition · noun common both singular determined · particleAR/Ncbsd/Ta
urth ('adhamah, 'erets, 'aphar; ge, oikoumene):
In a hilly limestone country like Palestine, the small amount of iron oxide in the rocks tends to be oxidized, and thereby to give a prevailing reddish color to the soil. This is especially the case on relatively barren hills where there is little organic matter present to prevent reddening and give a more blackish tinge.
'Adhamah (compare 'adham, "a man," and Adam) is from 'adham, "to be red," and is used in the senses: "earth" (Ex 20:24), "land" (Ps 105:35), a "land" or country (Isa 14:2), "ground" (Ge 4:11), "the earth" (Ge 7:4).
Earth
(1.) In the sense of soil or ground, the translation of the word adamah’. In Gen. 9:20 “husbandman” is literally “man of the ground or earth.” Altars were to be built of earth (Ex. 20:24). Naaman asked for two mules’ burden of earth (2 Kings 5:17), under the superstitious notion that Jehovah, like the gods of the heathen, could be acceptably worshipped only on his own soil.
(2). As the rendering of ’erets, it means the whole world (Gen. 1:2); the land as opposed to the sea (1:10). Erets also denotes a country (21:32); a plot of ground (23:15); the ground on which a man stands (33:3); the inhabitants of the earth (6:1; 11:1); all the world except Israel (
The term is used in two widely-different senses: (1) for the material of which the earth’s surface is composed; (2) as the name of the planet on which man dwells. The Hebrew language discriminates between these two by the use of separate terms, adamah for the former, erets for the latter. Adamah is the earth in the sense of soil or ground, particularly as being susceptible of cultivation. (Genesis 2:7) Erets is applied in a more or less extended sense-- (1) to the whole world, (Genesis 1:1) (2) to land as opposed to sea, (Genesis 1:10) (3) to a country, (Genesis 21:32) (4) to a plot of ground, (Genesis 23:15) and (5) to…
In both Hebrew and Greek the same word is used to denote the earth as a whole, and a particular land. Only the context can enable us to decide in which of these senses it is to be taken in a given passage.
Thus in Mt 27:45 we might, so far as the original word is concerned, render either "there was darkness over all the land," or over all the earth. The expression "all the earth" is sometimes used hyperbolically for a large portion of it, Ezr 1:2. The word is used of the whole world, etc. In a moral sense, earthly is opposed to what is heavenly, spiritual and holy, Joh 3:31 1Co 15:47 Col 3:2
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
AC — ConjunctionAC
שְׁנָא (shna') means to change or be altered, with various forms indicating different aspects of change, such as transformation or frustration. The word appears in Aramaic and is related to the Hebrew word for change, שָׁנָה (shanah). It encompasses a range of meanings from simple alteration to more complex transformations.
[שְׁנָא] vb. change
Pe. intrans. change, be changed
Pa. trans. change
Ithpa. be changed
Haph. trans. change, alter
base
H8133 שְׁנָא
8133 shna' shen-aw'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 8132:--alter, change, (be)
diverse.
see HEBREW for 08132
שְׁנָא (she.na) — to change.
1) to change, be altered, be changed
1a) (P'al) to change, be changed
1b) (Pael) to change, transform, frustrate
1b1) different (participle)
1c) (Ithpael) to be changed
1d) (Aphel) to change, alter
Adj — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singularAVqi2ms
מִן (min) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' and it covers a range of uses including source, reason, and comparison. It can indicate physical origin, temporal aspects, or causation. The entries agree on its various applications, with no significant disagreement noted.
מִן prep. from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more then
base
H4481 מִן
4481 min min
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4480:--according, after, +
because, + before, by, for, from, X him, X more than, (out)
of, part, since, X these, to, upon, + when.
see HEBREW for 04480
מִן־ (min) — from.
1) from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than
1a) from, out of (of place)
1b) from, by, as a result of, by reason of, at, according to, (of source)
1c) from (of time)
1d) beyond, more than (in comparisons)
Adj — PrepositionAR
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It encompasses meanings such as every, any, and none. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, indicating totality or completeness.
כֹּל, כָּל־ n.m. the whole, all
base
H3606 כֹּל, כָּל־
3606 kol kole
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3605:--all, any, + (forasmuch) as,
+ be-(for this) cause, every, + no (manner, -ne), + there
(where)-fore, + though, what (where, who)-soever, (the) whole.
see HEBREW for 03605
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, whole, the whole
1a) the whole of, all
1b) every, any, none
Adj — Noun common · both singular constructANcbsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
מַלְכוּ (malkuw) refers to concepts of royalty and dominion, encompassing meanings like kingdom, reign, and kingly authority. It is used in both abstract and concrete contexts, indicating a realm or territory as well. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.
מַלְכוּ n.f. royalty, reign, kingdom
base
H4437 מַלְכוּ
4437 malkuw mal-koo'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4438; dominion (abstractly or
concretely):--kingdom, kingly, realm, reign.
see HEBREW for 04438
מַלְכוּ (mal.khu) — kingdom.
1) royalty, reign, kingdom
1a) royalty, kingship, kingly authority
1b) kingdom
1c) realm (of territory)
1d) reign (of time)
Adj | Art — Noun common feminine plural determined · particleANcfpd/Ta
אֲכַל (akal) means to eat or devour, primarily used in the context of animals consuming food. It can also imply slander in a figurative sense, as in 'eating their pieces.' The word is closely related to the Aramaic term corresponding to it, indicating a shared semantic field.
[אֲכַל] vb. eat, devour
base
H399 אֲכַל eat, devour
399 'akal ak-al'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 398:--+ accuse, devour, eat.
see HEBREW for 0398
אֲכַל (a.khal) — to devour.
1) to eat, devour
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to eat (of beasts)
1a2) to devour
1a3) eat their pieces (in a phrase, that is, slander them)
Adj | V-Qal-Imperf-3fs — Conjunction · verb qal third person feminine singularAC/Vqu3fs
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It encompasses meanings such as every, any, and none. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, indicating totality or completeness.
כֹּל, כָּל־ n.m. the whole, all
base
H3606 כֹּל, כָּל־
3606 kol kole
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3605:--all, any, + (forasmuch) as,
+ be-(for this) cause, every, + no (manner, -ne), + there
(where)-fore, + though, what (where, who)-soever, (the) whole.
see HEBREW for 03605
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, whole, the whole
1a) the whole of, all
1b) every, any, none
Adj — Noun common · both singular constructANcbsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
אֲרַע (ara) refers to the earth or soil, with implications of being low or inferior. It is an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew word for earth, אֶ֫רֶץ (erets). The entries suggest a range of meanings including earth, ground, and planet.
[אֲרַע] 21 n.[f.] earth
base
H772 אֲרַע
772 'ara` ar-ah'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 776; the earth; by implication
(figuratively) low:--earth, interior.
see HEBREW for 0776
אֲרַע (a.ra) — earth: soil.
: soil
earth, world, ground
Aramaic of e.rets (אֶ֫רֶץ ": soil" H0776H)
אֲרַע (a.ra) — earth: inferior.
: inferior
earth, world, ground
Aramaic of e.rets (אֶ֫רֶץ ": soil" H0776H)
אֲרַע (a.ra) — earth: planet.
: planet
earth, world, ground
Aramaic of e.rets (אֶ֫רֶץ ": soil" H0776H)
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
דּוּשׁ (duwsh) means 'to tread down' or 'to trample.' It is an Aramaic word related to the Hebrew root for 'to tread' (H1758). The only specific biblical reference noted is in Daniel 7:23.
[דּוּשׁ] vb. tread down (BH);—Pe. Dn 7:23
ref
H1759 דּוּשׁ
1759 duwsh doosh
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1758; to trample:--tread down.
see HEBREW for 01758
דּוּשׁ (dush) — to tread.
(P'al) to tread down
Aramaic of dush (דּוּשׁ "to tread" H1758)
Adj | V-Qal-Imperf-3fs | Suff — Conjunction · verb qal third person feminine singular · suffixAC/Vqu3fs/Sp3fs
דְּקַק (de.qaq) means to break up or crumble, with a focus on shattering or falling into pieces. It appears in the context of being shattered or breaking into pieces, as noted in Daniel 2:35. The word is derived from a related term, indicating a similar action of crumbling.
[דְּקַק] vb. be shattered, fall to pieces (BH)
Pe. Dn 2:35.
Haph. break in pieces
base
H1855 דְּקַק, דּוּק
1855 dqaq dek-ak'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1854; to crumble or (trans.)
crush:--break to pieces.
see HEBREW for 01854
דְּקַק (de.qaq) — to break up.
1) to break into pieces, fall into pieces, be shattered
1a) (P'al) to be shattered
1b) (Aphel) to break into pieces
Adj | V-a-Imperf-3fs | Suff — Conjunction · verb hiphil third person feminine singular · suffixAC/Vhu3fs/Sp3fs