1 Kings 7:30 — Word Study
WLCוְאַרְבָּעָה֩ אוֹפַנֵּ֨י נְחֹ֜שֶׁת לַמְּכוֹנָ֤ה הָֽאַחַת֙ וְסַרְנֵ֣י נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה פַעֲמֹתָ֖יו כְּתֵפֹ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם מִתַּ֤חַת לַכִּיֹּר֙ הַכְּתֵפֹ֣ת יְצֻק֔וֹת מֵעֵ֥בֶר אִ֖ישׁ לֹיֽוֹת׃
BSAEachʼechâd standmᵉkôwnâh [base, pedestal, foundation] had fourʼarbaʻ bronzenᵉchôsheth [made of copper] wheelsʼôwphân with bronzenᵉchôsheth [copper, resilient] axlesçeren and a basinkîyôwr [round container, laver] resting onkâthêph fourʼarbaʻ supportskâthêph [undersetters, feet] with wreathslôyâh [garlands, decorative rings] at eachʼîysh sideʻêber [region, area]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאַרְבָּעָה֩ | and four | Conjunction, noun common both singular absolute |
| אוֹפַנֵּ֨י | wheels of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| נְחֹ֜שֶׁת | bronze | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| לַמְּכוֹנָ֤ה | [belonged] to the stand | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| הָֽאַחַת֙ | one | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וְסַרְנֵ֣י | and axles of | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct |
| נְחֹ֔שֶׁת | bronze | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה | and four | Conjunction, noun common both singular absolute |
| פַעֲמֹתָ֖יו | feet its | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| כְּתֵפֹ֣ת | supports | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| לָהֶ֑ם | [belonged] to them | Preposition, suffix |
| מִתַּ֤חַת | from under | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| לַכִּיֹּר֙ | to the laver | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| הַכְּתֵפֹ֣ת | the supports | Particle, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| יְצֻק֔וֹת | [were] cast | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) feminine plural |
| מֵעֵ֥בֶר | [were] from [the] side of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| אִ֖ישׁ | each | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לֹיֽוֹת׃ | garlands | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Each stand had four bronze wheels with bronze axles and a basin resting on four supports, with wreaths at each side. |
| KJV | And every base had four brasen wheels, and plates of brass: and the four corners thereof had undersetters: under the laver were undersetters molten, at the side of every addition. |
| ASV | And every base had four brazen wheels, and axles of brass; and the four feet thereof had undersetters: beneath the laver were the undersetters molten, with wreaths at the side of each. |
| YLT | And four wheels of brass [are] to the one base, and axles of brass; and its four corners have shoulders — under the laver [are] the molten shoulders, beside each addition. |
| WEB | Every base had four bronze wheels and axles of bronze; and its four feet had supports. The supports were cast beneath the basin, with wreaths at the side of each. |
| BBE | Every base had four wheels of brass, turning on brass rods, and their four angles had angle-plates under them; the angle-plates under the base were of metal, and there were ornaments at the side of every one. |
Translations agree on the use of כְּתֵפֹ֣ת as supports — see How Translations Differ.
The structure includes a main clause with several descriptive phrases, emphasizing the components and their relationships.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectכָּתֵף
verbיצק
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Kings 7:30
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Furnishings of Solomon's Templegenerated
1 Kings 7:30 details the construction of the stands that supported the lavers in Solomon's temple. Each stand is described as having four bronze wheels and axles, emphasizing the intricate design and craftsmanship involved in the temple's furnishings. This verse fits within a broader narrative that outlines the grandeur of the temple, as seen in the preceding and following verses that describe various elements of its architecture and decoration.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 1:15–21 | When I looked at the living creatures, I saw a wheel on the ground beside each creature with its four faces. |
| 2 | Ezekiel 3:13 | It was the sound of the wings of the living creatures brushing against one another and the sound of the wheels beside them, a great rumbling sound. |
| 3 | Ezekiel 10:10–13 | As for their appearance, all four had the same form, like a wheel within a wheel. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — כְּתֵפֹ֣ת, ke.te.Fotgenerated
The word כְּתֵף (katheph) refers to a 'shoulder' or 'support,' indicating a foundational aspect of the stands. It highlights the structural role these supports play, providing stability for the lavers they hold.
In this verse, the plural form indicates multiple supports, which are essential for the overall design and function of the stands, ensuring that they can bear the weight of the basins placed upon them.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses supports to translate כְּתֵפֹ֣ת.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb in the verse is יְצֻק֔וֹת, [were] cast, which governs the entire clause. The structure includes multiple noun phrases that describe the components of the stands, emphasizing the detailed craftsmanship.
The Hebrew word order places the subject and its attributes prominently, reflecting the importance of the materials and design in the context of the temple's grandeur.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates כְּתֵף as ὠμίαι, which can imply a broader sense of support or shoulder. This choice may suggest a more flexible interpretation of the function of these components in the temple's structure.
This translation choice indicates an understanding of the supports not just as physical elements, but as integral parts of the temple's overall design and purpose.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Kings 7:30 describes the stands in Solomon's temple, which had four bronze wheels and axles, supporting basins with decorative wreaths on each side. This verse emphasizes the detailed craftsmanship and design of the temple's furnishings.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The stands were made of bronze, as indicated by the repeated references to bronze wheels and axles, highlighting the durability and value of the materials used.
The number four signifies completeness in biblical literature, and here it indicates the four wheels that provide stability and support for each stand.
The wreaths add an element of beauty and intricacy to the stands, reflecting the overall grandeur and artistic design of the temple.
The supports are crucial as they provide the necessary stability for the basins, ensuring they can hold water and serve their intended purpose in the temple.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What do the materials used in the temple's construction tell us about its significance?
- How does the design of the stands reflect the overall purpose of the temple?
- In what ways can we appreciate the craftsmanship in our own environments?
- What role does stability play in the structures we build in our lives?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Bede comments on the symbolism of the four wheels in relation to the Gospels, illustrating their significance in the context of the temple's design.
The four wheels are the four books of the Gospels, which are very aptly compared with wheels because, just as the wheel’s whirling motion can travel with the greatest rapidity wherever it is steered,Early Church Fathers on 1 Kings 7 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Kings 7:30 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd every base had four brasen wheels, and plates of brass,.... Flat pieces or planks of brass, on which the wheels stood, and not on the bare floor; so that these wheels seem only to serve as
Read John Gill on 1 Kings 7 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the work of the bases was on this manner: they had borders, and the borders were between the ledges: No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Kings 7 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleFour brazen wheels; whereby the bases and lavers might be carried from place to place, as need required. Undersetters, Heb. shoulders; fitly so called, because they strongly supported the lavers, that they should not fall from their bases when the bases were removed together with the lavers.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Kings 7 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Kings 7:30 And every base had four brasen wheels, and plates of brass: and the four corners thereof had undersetters: under the laver [were] undersetters molten, at the side of every addition.Ver. 30. And every base had four brazen wheels.] To remove the laver from place to place, as occasion required.
Read John Trapp on 1 Kings 7 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(13-50) The exceedingly graphic and elaborate description of the work of Hiram on the vessels and furniture of the Temple, and on the great pillars, bears on the very face of it the most evident marks of historical accuracy and of the use of contemporary documents, and it has, moreover, great antiquarian interest. Looked at in itself, it shows that the Temple (like many other buildings in the comparative infancy of architecture) depended for its effect, not so much on size or proportion, as on rich material, elaborate decoration, and costly furniture, on which all the resources both of treasure and art were lavished. But besides this, the sense of the especial sacredness attached to all the…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Kings 7 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges30. and plates of brass] For ‘plates’ read axles. and the four corners thereof had undersetters] The last word is that usually rendered ‘shoulders,’ (see R.V. margin), and the word translated ‘corners’ means rather (1) a footstep, (2) a foot. It is used Exodus 25:12 for the corners (R.V. feet) of the ark, into which rings were to be fixed for the staves to pass through when it was carried about. This seems the more suitable rendering here also and it is a different word that is rendered ‘corners’ in 1 Kings 7:34. The sense would then be ‘the four feet thereof had shoulder pieces’ i.e. attached to them. The purpose of these shoulders appears to have been for the axles to pass through on…
Read Cambridge on 1 Kings 7 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BiblePlates of brass - Rather, “brazen axletrees.” The “undersetters” (literally, “shoulders”) are conjectured to have been four brackets, or bars, proceeding from the four upper corners of the bases, and
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Kings 7 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible30. Wheels — These served for convenience in moving the lavers and bases to and fro. Plates of brass — Rather, axles.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Kings 7 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Each stand had four bronze wheels with bronze axles and a basin resting on four supports, with wreaths at each side.
Every base had four bronze wheels and axles of bronze; and its four feet had supports. The supports were cast beneath the basin, with wreaths at the side of each.
Each stand had four bronze wheels with bronze axles and a basin resting on four supports, with wreaths at each side.
Each stand had four bronze wheels with bronze axles and four supports. Under the basin the supports were fashioned on each side with wreaths.
Tyndale line
And every base had four brasen wheels, and plates of brass: and the four corners thereof had undersetters: under the laver were undersetters molten, at the side of every addition.
And every base had four brazen wheels, and axles of brass; and the four feet thereof had undersetters: beneath the laver were the undersetters molten, with wreaths at the side of each.
And every base had four brasen wheels, and axles of brass: and the four feet thereof had undersetters: beneath the laver were the undersetters molten, with wreaths at the side of each.
And every base had four brazen wheels, and plates of brass: and the four corners of it had undersetters: under the laver were undersetters molten, at the side of every addition.
And euery base had foure brasen wheeles, and plates of brasse: and the foure corners had vndersetters: vnder the caldron were vndersetters molten at the side of euery addicion.
Strictly literal
And every base had four wheels of brass, and axles of brass; and on its four corners were shoulder-pieces: under the laver were shoulder-pieces molten, behind every garland.
And four wheels of brass [are] to the one base, and axles of brass; and its four corners have shoulders — under the laver [are] the molten shoulders, beside each addition.
And four wheels of bronze [are] for the one base, and axles of bronze; and its four corners have shoulders—the molten shoulders [are] under the laver, beside each addition.
And every base had four copper wheels, and axles of copper; and its four corners had undersetters; under the laver were the undersetters cast on; at the side of each were pendants.
Every stand had four bronze wheels and axles, and its four corners had supports beneath for the basin. The supports were cast with wreaths on the side of each one.
From the Latin
And every base had four wheels, and axletrees of brass: and at the four sides were undersetters under the laver molten, looking one against another.
Simplified
Each cart had four bronze wheels with bronze axles. A basin rested on four supports that had decorative wreaths on each side.
Every base had four wheels of brass, turning on brass rods, and their four angles had angle-plates under them; the angle-plates under the base were of metal, and there were ornaments at the side of every one.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls largely agree in their wording, with the scrolls containing some restored elements. Both versions maintain the description of the stands and their components, confirming the consistency of this passage across different textual witnesses.
וְאַרְבָּעָה֩ אוֹפַנֵּ֨י נְחֹ֜שֶׁת לַמְּכוֹנָ֤ה הָֽאַחַת֙ וְסַרְנֵ֣י נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה פַעֲמֹתָ֖יו כְּתֵפֹ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם מִתַּ֤חַת לַכִּיֹּר֙ הַכְּתֵפֹ֣ת יְצֻק֔וֹת מֵעֵ֥בֶר אִ֖ישׁ לֹיֽוֹת׃
17 of the 18 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[וארבעה] [אופני] [נחשת] [למכונה] [האחת] [וסרני] [נחשת] [וארבעה] [פעמתי׳ו] כתפות ל׳הם [מתחת] לכיור [הכתפות] [יצקות] [מעבר] [איש] [ליות]
2 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 15 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Kings 7:30
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אַרְבַּע (arba) means 'four' in Hebrew. It is a masculine noun derived from the root associated with the number four. The entries consistently affirm this meaning without any significant disagreement among lexicons.
אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
base
H702 אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
702 'arba` ar-bah'
masculine oarbaah {ar-baw-aw'}; from 7251; four:--four.
see HEBREW for 07251
אַרְבַּע (ar.ba) — four.
four
Conj | Adj — Conjunction · noun common both singular absoluteHC/Ncbsa
for ('arba`; tessares): "Four" (cardinal number) was a sacred and complete number with the Hebrews, as well as with several other peoples. It occurs very frequently in the Old Testament and the New Testament.
(1) It indicates completeness. We have the four rivers of Paradise (Ge 2:10); the four winds of heaven (Eze 37:9; Da 7:2; 8:8; 11:4; Zec 6:5, the Revised Version, margin "spirits"; /APC 2Esdras 13:5); "the four winds" (Mt 24:31; Mr 13:27); "the four corners of the earth" (Isa 11:12;
אוֹפַן (o.fan) means 'wheel' and is derived from a root meaning to revolve. It specifically refers to wheels in various contexts, including chariot wheels, the wheels in Ezekiel's vision, and those found in Solomon's temple. The entries consistently emphasize its association with circular objects used for movement.
אוֹפַן, אוֹפָן n.m. wheel
base
H212 אוֹפַן, אוֹפָן wheel
212 'owphan o-fawn'
or (shortened) pophan {o-fawn'}; from an unused root meaning
to revolve; a wheel:--wheel.
אוֹפָן (o.phan) — wheel.
1) wheel
1a) chariot wheel
1b) wheel in Ezekiel's vision
1c) wheels of the ten bases beneath the lavers in Solomon's temple
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (nechosheth) refers to copper or bronze, often indicating items made from these metals, such as fetters. It is noted for being less valuable than gold but more than wood. Additionally, it can figuratively represent a harsh sky or, in specific contexts, suggest meanings related to lust or harlotry, as seen in Ezekiel 16:36.
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת 137 n.m. copper, bronze
copper
fetters of copper or bronze
as less in value than gold but more than wood
fig. of pitiless sky
base
[נְחֹ֫שֶׁת] n.[f.] Ez 16:36 where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.
ref
H5178a נְחֹ֫שֶׁת copper, bronze . copper
. fetters of copper or bronze
. as less in value than gold but more than wood
. fig. of pitiless sky
H5178b נְחֹ֫שֶׁת where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.
5178 nchosheth nekh-o'-sheth
for 5154; copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e.
coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or
silver):--brasen, brass, chain, copper, fetter (of brass),
filthiness, steel.
see HEBREW for 05154
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — bronze.
1) copper, bronze
1a) copper (ore), bronze (as copper alloy)
1b) fetters (of copper or bronze)
1c) copper (as value)
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — lust.
lust, harlotry
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
The Hebrew word מְכוֹנָה (*mkownah*) is a feminine noun meaning 'base' or 'pedestal.' It is derived from the root of another word, מָכַן (*makhan*), and refers to a fixed resting place. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to a foundational support.
מְכוֹנָה, מְכֹנָה 25 n.f. fixed resting-place, base
base
H4350 מְכוֹנָה, מְכֹנָה, מְכֻנָה
4350 mkownah mek-o-naw'
or mkonah {mek-o-naw'}; feminine of 4349; a pedestal, also a
spot:--base.
see HEBREW for 04349
מְכוֹנָה (me.kho.nah) — base.
fixed resting place, base, pedestal
Also means: me.khu.nah (מְכֻנָה "base" H4369)
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHRd/Ncfsa
אֶחָד (echad) means 'one' and is derived from a numeral. It encompasses meanings such as each, every, a certain, and can serve as an indefinite article. It is also used as an ordinal to denote 'first' and appears in various combinations, including eleven. The entries consistently emphasize its numerical and qualitative aspects.
אֶחָד 972 adj.num. one
one
= each, every
= a certain
= indef. art.
only, & (fem.) once
one … another, one … the other
as ordinal first
in combin.
base
H259 אֶחָד one . one
. = each, every
. = a certain
. = indef. art.
. only, & (fem.) once
. one … another, one … the other
. as ordinal first
. in combin.
259 'echad ekh-awd'
a numeral from 258; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an
ordinal) first:--a, alike, alone, altogether, and,
any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-)ly, each (one), +
eleven, every, few, first, + highway, a man, once, one, only,
other, some, together,
see HEBREW for 0258
אֶחָד (e.chad) — one.
1) one (number)
1a) one (number)
1b) each, every
1c) a certain
1d) an (indefinite article)
1e) only, once, once for all
1f) one...another, the one...the other, one after another, one by one
1g) first
1h) eleven (in combination), eleventh (ordinal)
Art | Adj — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
wun.
See NUMBER.
סֶ֫רֶן (se.ren) has two primary meanings: it can refer to a 'lord' or 'tyrant,' and it can also mean 'axle.' The word is built from an uncertain root and covers both a figurative sense of authority and a literal mechanical component. It appears in contexts such as 1 Kings 7:30.
[סֶ֫רֶן] 21 n.m. tyrant, lord
base
[סֶ֫רֶן] n.[m.] axle;—1 K 7:30
ref
H5633a סֶ֫רֶן tyrant, lord H5633b סֶ֫רֶן axle
5633 ceren seh'-ren
from an unused root of uncertain meaning; an axle;
figuratively, a peer:--lord, plate.
סֶ֫רֶן (se.ren) — lord.
lord, ruler, tyrant
סֶ֫רֶן (se.ren) — axle.
axle
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural constructHC/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (nechosheth) refers to copper or bronze, often indicating items made from these metals, such as fetters. It is noted for being less valuable than gold but more than wood. Additionally, it can figuratively represent a harsh sky or, in specific contexts, suggest meanings related to lust or harlotry, as seen in Ezekiel 16:36.
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת 137 n.m. copper, bronze
copper
fetters of copper or bronze
as less in value than gold but more than wood
fig. of pitiless sky
base
[נְחֹ֫שֶׁת] n.[f.] Ez 16:36 where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.
ref
H5178a נְחֹ֫שֶׁת copper, bronze . copper
. fetters of copper or bronze
. as less in value than gold but more than wood
. fig. of pitiless sky
H5178b נְחֹ֫שֶׁת where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.
5178 nchosheth nekh-o'-sheth
for 5154; copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e.
coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or
silver):--brasen, brass, chain, copper, fetter (of brass),
filthiness, steel.
see HEBREW for 05154
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — bronze.
1) copper, bronze
1a) copper (ore), bronze (as copper alloy)
1b) fetters (of copper or bronze)
1c) copper (as value)
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — lust.
lust, harlotry
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
אַרְבַּע (arba) means 'four' in Hebrew. It is a masculine noun derived from the root associated with the number four. The entries consistently affirm this meaning without any significant disagreement among lexicons.
אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
base
H702 אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
702 'arba` ar-bah'
masculine oarbaah {ar-baw-aw'}; from 7251; four:--four.
see HEBREW for 07251
אַרְבַּע (ar.ba) — four.
four
Conj | Adj — Conjunction · noun common both singular absoluteHC/Ncbsa
for ('arba`; tessares): "Four" (cardinal number) was a sacred and complete number with the Hebrews, as well as with several other peoples. It occurs very frequently in the Old Testament and the New Testament.
(1) It indicates completeness. We have the four rivers of Paradise (Ge 2:10); the four winds of heaven (Eze 37:9; Da 7:2; 8:8; 11:4; Zec 6:5, the Revised Version, margin "spirits"; /APC 2Esdras 13:5); "the four winds" (Mt 24:31; Mr 13:27); "the four corners of the earth" (Isa 11:12;
פַּ֫עַם (pa'am) refers to a beat or stroke, and encompasses meanings such as foot, anvil, and occurrence. It can denote a footstep or time, indicating repetitions like once, twice, or thrice. The word is built from a root that suggests various applications related to rhythm and timing.
פַּ֫עַם 118 n.f. beat, foot, anvil, occurrence
base
H6471 פַּ֫עַם beat, foot, anvil, occurrence
6471 pa`am pah'-am
or (feminine) pa;amah {pah-am-aw'}; from 6470; a stroke,
literally or figuratively (in various applications, as
follow):--anvil, corner, foot(-step), going, (hundred-)fold,
X now, (this) + once, order, rank, step, + thrice, ((often-)),
second, this, two) time(-s), twice, wheel.
see HEBREW for 06470
פַּ֫עַם (pa.am) — beat.
1) stroke, beat, foot, step, anvil, occurrence
1a) foot, hoof-beat, footfall, footstep
1b) anvil
1c) occurrence, time, stroke, beat
1c1) one time, once, twice, thrice, as time on time, at this repetition, this once, now at length, now...now, at one time...at another
HNcfpc/Sp3ms — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3ms
כָּתֵף (katheph) means 'shoulder' and can refer to the shoulder-blade, side, or slope of a mountain. It is derived from a root meaning to clothe, indicating the shoulder as the place where garments hang. The term can also describe shoulder-pieces of animals and supports, as well as lateral projections.
כָּתֵף n.f. shoulder, shoulder-blade, side
base
H3802 כָּתֵף shoulder, shoulder-blade, side
3802 katheph kaw-thafe'
from an unused root meaning to clothe; the shoulder (proper,
i.e. upper end of the arm; as being the spot where the
garments hang); figuratively, side-piece or lateral projection
of anything:--arm, corner, shoulder(-piece), side,
undersetter.
כָּתֵף (ka.teph) — shoulder.
1) shoulder, shoulder-blade, side, slope
1a) shoulder, shoulder-blade (of man)
1b) shoulder, shoulder-pieces (of animals)
1c) side, slope (of mountain)
1d) supports (of laver)
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
הֶם (hem) — them.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural
HRd/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp3mp
תַּחַת (tachath) refers to the concept of being underneath or below. It can function as a noun meaning 'the under part,' or as an adverb and preposition indicating position or substitution, such as 'instead of' or 'for the sake of.' The word encompasses various uses, including physical placement and metaphorical meanings related to subjection or exchange.
תַּחַת n.[m.] the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
base
H8478 תַּחַת the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
8478 tachath takh'-ath
from the same as 8430; the bottom (as depressed); only
adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix
underneath), in lieu of, etc.:--as, beneath, X flat,
in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead
of, under, X unto, X when...was mine, whereas, (where-)fore,
with.
see HEBREW for 08430
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: under.
: under/below
1) the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas n m
1a) the under part adv accus
1b) beneath prep
1c) under, beneath
1c1) at the foot of (idiom)
1c2) sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (fig)
1c3) of subjection or conquest
1d) what is under one, the place in which one stands
1d1) in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)
1d2) in place of, instead of (in transferred sense)
1d3) in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged)
conj
1e) instead of, instead of that
1f) in return for that, because that in compounds
1g) in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion)
1h) from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: instead.
: instead/in_place/exchange
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
כִּיֹּר (kiyowr) refers to a round object, often associated with cooking or washing, such as a pot, basin, or caldron. It can also denote a platform or stage, particularly in the context of Solomon's temple. The entries highlight its various uses, including as a fire-pot and a bronze laver, with a specific reference to 1 Kings 7:38.
כִּיֹּר, כִּיּוֹר n.m. 1 K 7:38 pot, basin
pot for cooking
fire-pot
basin of bronze for washing, laver; set on a bronze support
platform or stage of bronze (prob. round, bowl-like in shape) on which, acc. to Chr, Solomon stood and kneeled
base
H3595 כִּיֹּר, כִּיּוֹר
3595 kiyowr kee-yore'
or kiyor {kee-yore'}; from the same as 3564; properly,
something round (as excavated or bored), i.e. a chafing-dish
for coals or a caldron for cooking; hence (from similarity of
form) a washbowl; also (for the same reason) a pulpit or
platform:--hearth, laver, pan, scaffold.
see HEBREW for 03564
כִּיֹּר (kiy.yor) — basin.
1) pot, basin, laver, pan
1a) pot, caldron
1b) fire-pot, brazier
1c) basin, laver
1d) platform, stage
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
la'-ver (kiyor):
1. In the Tabernacle:
Every priest in attendance on the altar of Yahweh was required to wash his hands and his feet before entering upon his official duties (Ex 30:19). To this end a laver was ordered to be made as part of the tabernacle equipment (Ex 30:17-21; 38:8). Its composition was of brass (bronze), and it consisted of two parts, the bowl and its pedestal or foot (Ex 30:18, etc.). This first laver was a small one, and was made of the hand mirrors of the women in attendance upon the altar (Ex 38:8). Its place was between the altar and the tabernacle (Ex 40:30).
See TABERNACLE.
2. In the Temple:
Laver
(Heb. kiyor), a “basin” for boiling in, a “pan” for cooking (1 Sam. 2:14), a “fire-pan” or hearth (Zech. 12:6), the sacred wash-bowl of the tabernacle and temple (Ex. 30:18, 28; 31:9; 35:16; 38:8; 39:39; 40:7, 11, 30, etc.), a basin for the water used by the priests in their ablutions.
That which was originally used in the tabernacle was of brass (rather copper; Heb. nihsheth), made from the metal mirrors the women brought out of Egypt (Ex. 38:8). It contained water wherewith the priests washed their hands and feet when they entered the tabernacle (40:32). It stood in the court between the altar and the door of the tabernacle (30:19, 21).
In the tabernacle, a vessel of brass containing water for the priests to wash their hands and feet before offering sacrifice. It stood in the fore offering sacrifice. It stood in the court between the altar and the door of the tabernacle. (Exodus 30:19,21) It rested on a basis, i.e. a foot, which, was well as the laver itself, was made from the mirrors of the women who assembled at the door of the tabernacle court. (Exodus 38:8) The form of the laver is not specified, but may be assumed to have been circular. Like the other vessels belonging to the tabernacle, it was, together with its "foot," consecrated with oil. (Leviticus 8:10,11) In Solomon’s temple, besides the great molten sea, there were ten lavers of brass, raised on…
A large circular vessel, cast from the polished brass mirrors contributed by the Hebrew women, and placed between the door of the tabernacle and the altar of burnt-offering, with water for the necessary sacred ablutions, Ex 30:18-21 28:8 40:7 30:1 32:35.
For the temple of Solomon, besides the vast brazen sea for the use of the priests, (see SEA,) ten lavers were made for cleansing the sacrifices, 2Ch 4:6. Each laver contained about three hundred gallons, and was supported above a highly elaborate and beautiful base, 1Ki 7:27-39. They were stationed within the court of the priests, in front of the temple, five on each side. See TEMPLE.
כָּתֵף (katheph) means 'shoulder' and can refer to the shoulder-blade, side, or slope of a mountain. It is derived from a root meaning to clothe, indicating the shoulder as the place where garments hang. The term can also describe shoulder-pieces of animals and supports, as well as lateral projections.
כָּתֵף n.f. shoulder, shoulder-blade, side
base
H3802 כָּתֵף shoulder, shoulder-blade, side
3802 katheph kaw-thafe'
from an unused root meaning to clothe; the shoulder (proper,
i.e. upper end of the arm; as being the spot where the
garments hang); figuratively, side-piece or lateral projection
of anything:--arm, corner, shoulder(-piece), side,
undersetter.
כָּתֵף (ka.teph) — shoulder.
1) shoulder, shoulder-blade, side, slope
1a) shoulder, shoulder-blade (of man)
1b) shoulder, shoulder-pieces (of animals)
1c) side, slope (of mountain)
1d) supports (of laver)
Art | N-fp — Particle · noun common feminine plural absoluteHTd/Ncfpa
יְצֻקָה (ytsukah) refers to a casting, specifically of metal, and is derived from the verb meaning to pour out or run into a mold. It appears in 1 Kings 7:24, highlighting its use in the context of metalwork.
[יְצֻקָה] n.f. a casting (of metal);—1 K 7:24
ref
H3333 יְצֻקָה
3333 ytsukah yets-oo-kaw'
passive participle feminine of 3332; poured out, i.e. run
into a mould:--when it was cast.
see HEBREW for 03332
יְצֻקָה (ye.tsu.qah) — casting.
a casting (of metal)
HVqsfpa — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) feminine pluralHVqsfpa
In general "to throw," with various degrees of violence; usually, with force, but not so necessarily, as e.g. in "cast a net," "cast lots." When applied to molten metal, as in English, first, "to let run. into molds," with reference to their descent by gravity, and, then, "to form," as in Ex 25:12, etc. Usually in the New Testament for ballo, but not always. Thus, in Lu 1:29 "cast in her mind" means "considered" (dielogizeto); "cast reproach" for Greek oneidizon, "reproached" (Mt 27:44); "casting down" for kathaireo, "demolishing" (2Co 10:4); "casting all anxiety upon" (1Pe 5:7), a still stronger term, as in
עֵ֫בֶר (eber) refers to a region across or beyond, often used adverbially to indicate the opposite side, particularly in relation to the Jordan River. It encompasses meanings such as 'side,' 'beyond,' and 'quarter.' The lexicons highlight its usage in various contexts, including geographical references, but do not present significant disagreement.
עֵ֫בֶר 91 n.m. region across or beyond, side
region across or beyond anything
(Opposite) side, side
base
H5676 עֵ֫בֶר region across or beyond, side
5676 `eber ay'-ber
from 5674; properly, a region across; but used only
adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite
side (especially of the Jordan; ususally meaning the
east):--X against, beyond, by, X from, over, passage,
quarter, (other, this) side, straight.
see HEBREW for 05674
עֵ֫בֶר (e.ver) — side: beside.
: side/beside
1) region beyond or across, side
1a) region across or beyond
1b) side, opposite side
עֵ֫בֶר (e.ver) — side: beyond.
: ahead/beyond
1) region beyond or across, side
1a) region across or beyond
1b) side, opposite side
עֵ֫בֶר (e.ver) — side: west.
: west
1) region beyond or across, side
1a) region across or beyond
1b) side, opposite side
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word אִישׁ (iysh) means 'man' and can refer to an individual male, a husband, or a human being in general. It encompasses various meanings, including champion and great man, and can also imply 'whosoever' or 'each.' The word is built from a root suggesting existence and is used throughout the Old Testament.
אִישׁ 2166 n.m. man (= vir)
base
H376 אִישׁ man (= vir)
376 'iysh eesh
contracted for 582 (or perhaps rather from an unused root
meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male
person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and
in such cases frequently not expressed in
translation):--also, another, any (man), a certain, +
champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-,
husband-)man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree),
him (that is), husband, man(-kind), + none, one, people,
person, + steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy.
Compare 802.
see HEBREW for 0582
see HEBREW for 0802
אִישׁ (ish) — man.
: man
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
אִישׁ (ish) — man: husband.
: husband
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
אִישׁ (ish) — man: anyone.
: anyone/someone
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
לֹיָה (lo-yah) refers to a 'wreath' or 'garland,' though its exact meaning is uncertain. It is derived from the root of another Hebrew word, עָלָה (alah), which relates to the concept of addition. The entries do not provide specific verse references.
[לֹיָה] n.f. wreath?
base
H3914 לֹיָה
3914 loyah lo-yaw'
a form of 3880; a wreath:--addition.
see HEBREW for 03880
לֹיָה (lo.yah) — wreath.
1) wreath, garland
1a) meaning uncertain
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
Garlands
(Acts 14:13). In heathen sacrifices the victims were adorned with fillets and garlands made of wool, with leaves and flowers interwoven. The altar and the priests and attendants were also in like manner adorned.
→ General scriptures concerning Ac 14:13