1 Chronicles 8:25 — Word Study
WLCוְיִפְדְיָ֥ה וּפְנוּאֵ֖ל בְּנֵ֥י שָׁשָֽׁק׃
BSAIphdeiahYiphdᵉyâh△ [a descendant of Benjamin, Jehovah's gift] and PenuelPᵉnûwʼêl [facing God] [were] the sonsbên [descendants, offspring] of ShashakShâshaq [an Israelite from the tribe of Benjamin]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְיִפְדְיָ֥ה | and Iphdeiah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וּפְנוּאֵ֖ל | and Penuel | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| בְּנֵ֥י | [were] [the] sons of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| שָׁשָֽׁק׃ | Shashak | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Iphdeiah, and Penuel were the sons of Shashak. |
| KJV | And Iphedeiah, and Penuel, the sons of Shashak; |
| ASV | and Iphdeiah, and Penuel, the sons of Shashak, |
| YLT | and Iphedeiah, and Penuel, sons of Shashak; |
| WEB | Iphdeiah, Penuel, the sons of Shashak, |
| BBE | And Iphdeiah and Penuel, the sons of Shashak; |
Where they part company is in the phrase בְּנֵ֥י — see How Translations Differ.
One main clause with two subjects and a predicate, clearly establishing the familial relationships.
2 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 4 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 8:25
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Benjamingenerated
1 Chronicles 8:25 lists the descendants of Benjamin, highlighting key figures in the lineage. This verse specifically mentions Iphdeiah and Penuel as sons of Shashak, contributing to the understanding of the family tree of the tribe of Benjamin during the period of the Divided Monarchy.
Cross References
The Key Word — יִפְדְּיָה, ve.yif.de.Yahgenerated
The name יִפְדְּיָה (yiph.de.yah) means 'Jehovah will redeem' and is derived from the roots for 'liberate' and 'Jah.' The parsing indicates it is a proper masculine noun, specifically referring to a man named Iphdeiah, who is noted as a descendant of Benjamin.
This name appears only once in the Bible, emphasizing its unique place in the genealogy of Benjamin. The mention of Iphdeiah in this context connects him to a larger family lineage, reinforcing the importance of ancestry in Israelite culture.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the noun phrase בְּנֵ֥י (be.Nei), meaning 'were the sons of.' This structure connects Iphdeiah and Penuel directly to Shashak, indicating their lineage.
The word order emphasizes the familial relationships, with the names of Iphdeiah and Penuel placed first, highlighting their significance in the genealogy.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יִפְדְּיָה as ιεφερια, which shows a direct connection to the Hebrew name while adapting it to Greek phonetics. This choice indicates an effort to maintain the identity of the individual within the Hellenistic context.
The translation for וּפְנוּאֵ֖ל as φελιηλ similarly reflects the adaptation of Hebrew names into Greek, preserving their meanings while making them accessible to Greek readers.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 8:25 tells us that Iphdeiah and Penuel were the sons of Shashak, showing their place in the family lineage of Benjamin. This verse is part of a larger genealogy that traces the descendants of the tribe of Benjamin.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Iphdeiah and Penuel are mentioned as sons of Shashak, indicating their lineage within the tribe of Benjamin.
Iphdeiah means 'Jehovah will redeem,' while Penuel means 'facing God,' reflecting their heritage and connection to significant biblical themes.
Genealogy establishes identity, inheritance, and the fulfillment of God's promises through specific lineages, particularly in Israel's history.
This verse is part of a detailed genealogy that emphasizes the descendants of Benjamin, contributing to the overall narrative of Israel's tribes.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from the names and meanings of Iphdeiah and Penuel in our understanding of God’s promises?
- How does knowing the genealogy of the tribes enhance our understanding of the biblical narrative?
- In what ways does the significance of names in the Bible challenge us to consider our own identities?
- How can we apply the themes of redemption and facing God in our daily lives?
Commentators on this verse — 2 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 8:25 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Ahio, Shashak, and Jeremoth, No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 8 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(22-25) Eleven sons of Shashak (1 Chronicles 8:14), followed by six sons of Jeroham (Jeremoth, 1 Chronicles 8:14) in 1 Chronicles 8:26-27. The recurrence of the same names in the five groups is noticeable. Thus, a Zichri appears among the sons of Shimei (1 Chronicles 8:19), among the sons of Shashak (1 Chronicles 8:23), and among the sons of Jeroham (1 Chronicles 8:27). Of course the name may have been thus frequent among the Benjamite clans dwelling in Jerusalem. But it is possible to see in the fact an indication that, at the time when the present register was framed, some of these houses were no longer able to trace their pedigrees with certainty to one famous name rather than another.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 8 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Iphdeiah, and Penuel were the sons of Shashak.
Iphdeiah, Penuel, the sons of Shashak,
Iphdeiah, and Penuel were the sons of Shashak.
Iphdeiah, and Penuel were the sons of Shashak.
Tyndale line
And Iphedeiah, and Penuel, the sons of Shashak;
and Iphdeiah, and Penuel, the sons of Shashak,
and Iphdeiah, and Penuel, and sons of Shashak;
And Iphedeiah, and Penuel, the sons of Shashak;
Iphedeiah and Penuel ye sonnes of Shashak,
Strictly literal
and Jiphdeiah, and Penuel were the sons of Shashak.
and Iphedeiah, and Penuel, sons of Shashak;
and Iphedeiah, and Penuel, sons of Shashak;
And Yiphdeyah, and Penuel, the sons of Shashak:
From the Latin
And Jephdaia, and Phanuel the sons of Sesac.
Simplified
Iphdeiah, and Penuel were the sons of Shashak.
And Iphdeiah and Penuel, the sons of Shashak;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the names and relationships presented in this verse. The Septuagint's word order may differ, but it retains the same individuals and their connections to Shashak.
וְיִפְדְיָ֥ה וּפְנוּאֵ֖ל בְּנֵ֥י שָׁשָֽׁק׃
4 of the 4 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 8:25
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יִפְדְּיָה (yiph.de.yah) refers to a man named Iphdeiah, a descendant of Benjamin mentioned in 1 Chronicles 8:25. The name means 'Jehovah will redeem' and is derived from the roots for 'liberate' and 'Jah.' The entries consistently identify him as part of a larger family lineage.
יִפְדְּיָה 1 Ch 8:25 v. sub פדה.
ref
H3301 פָּדָה
3301 Yiphdyah yif-deh-yaw'
from 6299 and 3050; Jah will liberate; Jiphdejah, an
Israelite:--Iphedeiah.
see HEBREW for 06299
see HEBREW for 03050
יִפְדְּיָה (yiph.de.yah) — Iphdeiah.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.8.25;
son of: Shashak (H8349);
brother of: Ishpan (H3473), Eber (H5677J), Eliel (H0447I), Abdon (H5658I), Zichri (H2147I), Hanan (H2605), Hananiah (H2608O), Elam (H5867), Anthothijah (H6070) and Penuel (H6439I)
§ Iphedeiah = "Jehovah will redeem"
a descendant of Benjamin and of the family of Shashak
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
if-de'-ya (yiphdeyah, "Yah redeems"; the King James Version Iphedeiah): A descendant of Benjamin (1Ch 8:25).
פְּנוּאֵל (Pnuw'el) means 'face of God' and refers to both a location east of the Jordan River, named by Jacob after wrestling with God, and to several individuals from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The entries note that Penuel and Peniel are interchangeable terms, emphasizing the connection to divine encounters.
פְּנוּאֵל n.pr. (face of God)
loc. E. of Jordan, near Jabboḳ
m.
in Judah
in Benjamin
base
H6439 פְּנוּאֵל (face of God)
6439 Pnuw'el pen-oo-ale'
or (more properly,) Pniylel {pen-oo-ale'}; from 6437 and 410;
face of God; Penuel or Peniel, a place East of Jordan; also
(as Penuel) the name of two Israelites:--Peniel, Penuel.
see HEBREW for 06437
see HEBREW for 0410
פְּנוּאֵל (pe.nu.el) — Peniel.
§ Penuel or Peniel = "facing God"
the place named by Jacob when he wrestled with God and located on the north bank of the Jabbok close to the Jordan
פְּנוּאֵל (pe.nu.el) — Penuel.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.4;
son of: Hur (H2354);
brother of: Uri (H0221), Shobal (H7732H), Salma (H8007H), Hareph (H2780), Jezreel (H3157J), Ishma (H3457), Idbash (H3031), Hazzelelponi (H6753) and Ezer (H5829)
§ Penuel or Peniel = "facing God"
1) a Benjamite, son of Shashak, brother of Iphedeiah of the family of Saul
2) son of Hur, father of Gedor, and a descendant of Judah
3) the place named by Jacob when he wrestled with God and located on the north bank of the Jabbok close to the Jordan
פְּנוּאֵל (pe.nu.el) — Penuel.
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
pe-nu'-el, pen'-u-el.
See PENIEL.
Penuel
Face of God, a place not far from Succoth, on the east of the Jordan and north of the river Jabbok. It is also called “Peniel.” Here Jacob wrestled (Gen. 32:24-32) “with a man” (“the angel”, Hos. 12:4. Jacob says of him, “I have seen God face to face”) “till the break of day.”
A town was afterwards built there (Judg. 8:8; 1 Kings 12:25). The men of this place refused to succour Gideon and his little army when they were in pursuit of the Midianites (Judg. 8:1-21). On his return, Gideon slew the men of this city and razed its lofty watch-tower to the ground.
[PENIEL]
same as Peniel
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
See SON, SONS.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שָׁשָׁק (Shashaq) refers to a man from the tribe of Benjamin, specifically the son of Beriah and the father of several descendants. The name is associated with the meaning "longing." The entries primarily focus on this individual, with no significant variation in interpretation among the lexicons.
שָׁשָׁק n.pr.m. in Benjamin
base
H8349 שָׁשָׁק, שָׁשַׁק
8349 Shashaq shaw-shak'
probably from the base of 7785; pedestrian; Shashak, an
Israelite:--Shashak.
see HEBREW for 07785
שָׁשָׁק (sha.shaq) — Shashak.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at 1Ch.8.14;
son of: Beriah (H1283I);
brother of: Arad (H6166B), Ahio (H0283H), Jeremoth (H3406I), Zebadiah (H2069), Eder (H5738), Michael (H4317L), Ishpah (H3472) and Joha (H3109);
father of: Ishpan (H3473), Eber (H5677J), Eliel (H0447I), Abdon (H5658I), Zichri (H2147I), Hanan (H2605), Hananiah (H2608O), Elam (H5867), Anthothijah (H6070), Iphdeiah (H3301), Penuel (H6439I)
§ Shashak = "longing"
a Benjamite, son of Beriah and father of Iphedeiah and Penuel
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
sha'-shak (shashak): Eponym of a Benjamite family (1Ch 8:14,25).
(longing), a Benjamite, one of the sons of Beriah. (1 Chronicles 8:14,25) (B.C. after 1450.)
a bag of linen; the sixth bag
→ A Benjamite 1Ch 8:14,25