1 Chronicles 1:21 — Word Study
WLCוְאֶת־ הֲדוֹרָ֥ם וְאֶת־ אוּזָ֖ל וְאֶת־ דִּקְלָֽה׃
BSAHadoramHădôwrâm [a son of Joktan] UzalʼÛwzâl [meaning I shall be flooded] DiklahDiqlâh [a region in Arabia, also a man's name]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| הֲדוֹרָ֥ם | Hadoram | Noun proper masculine |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| אוּזָ֖ל | Uzal | Noun proper masculine |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| דִּקְלָֽה׃ | Diklah | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, |
| KJV | Hadoram also, and Uzal, and Diklah, |
| ASV | and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah, |
| YLT | and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah, |
| WEB | Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, |
| BBE | And Hadoram and Uzal and Diklah |
Where they part company is in the inclusion of additional information about the names — see How Translations Differ.
The verse is a simple list of names, emphasizing the lineage of Joktan.
3 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 1:21
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Genealogy of Joktangenerated
1 Chronicles 1:21 presents a brief genealogical record, listing the sons of Joktan, a descendant of Noah. This genealogy is part of a larger framework that traces the lineage of the Israelites back to their patriarchs, emphasizing their heritage and identity. The names mentioned here are pivotal in understanding the ancestry of various tribes and nations that descended from Joktan.
Cross References
The Key Word — הֲדוֹרָם, ha.do.Ramgenerated
The name הֲדוֹרָם (Hadoram) is a proper noun, specifically a masculine name. It refers to a son of Joktan and is associated with nobility, as its meaning suggests 'noble honor.' Hadoram is mentioned in various genealogies, linking him to significant historical figures in the Old Testament.
In this context, Hadoram serves as a marker of lineage, connecting the descendants of Joktan to the broader narrative of Israel's ancestry. The name's inclusion highlights the importance of genealogy in establishing identity and heritage.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of a main clause listing three names: הֲדוֹרָם, אוּזָ֖ל, and דִּקְלָֽה. The structure is straightforward, with each name presented in a series, indicating they are all sons of Joktan.
Hebrew word order places emphasis on the names themselves, as they are the focal point of the verse. The conjunction וְאֶת־ serves to connect each name, indicating they are part of the same lineage.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 1:21 lists three sons of Joktan: Hadoram, Uzal, and Diklah. These names are significant as they trace the lineage of Joktan, connecting to the broader narrative of Israel's ancestry.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Joktan was a descendant of Noah, and he is mentioned in the genealogies as the father of several sons, including Hadoram, Uzal, and Diklah.
The names represent the lineage of Joktan and are part of the larger genealogical record that establishes the ancestry of the Israelites.
Genealogies serve to establish identity, heritage, and the fulfillment of God's promises through specific lineages.
Uzal means 'I shall be flooded' and is noted as the sixth son of Joktan in the genealogies.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from the genealogies about our own family histories?
- How do names in the Bible carry significance beyond mere identification?
- In what ways do genealogies help us understand the narrative of the Bible?
- How does the lineage of Joktan connect to the broader story of Israel?
Commentators on this verse — 3 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 1:21 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah, No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English ReadersTHE SONS OF SHEM, OR THE SEMITES (1 Chronicles 1:17-23). (17) Blam.—The Elamtum of the Assyrian inscription, the classic Susiana, a mountainous land eastward of Babylonia, to which it was subject in the days of Abraham (Genesis 14). The names Assurϋ, Elamϋ, Kassϋ, and Accadϋ occur together in an old Assyrian list of nations. Κlama, from which the Assyrian and Hebrew names are derived, is Accadian. The native designation was Ansan. The Sargonide kings of Assyria had frequent wars with Elam. Asshur.—Assyria proper, i.e., a district on the Tigris, about twenty-five miles long, between the thirty-sixth and thirty-seventh parallels of latitude. Asshur was the name of its older capital and…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges5–23. The “Genealogy” of the Nations The table which follows is taken from Genesis 10:2-29. In the A.V. several variations between Gen. and Chron. occur in the spelling of proper names. In the R.V. the spelling has been made uniform. The table is geographical rather than ethnological, i.e. neighbouring nations are regarded as having the same descent. The world, as known to the writer, is divided into three zones, of which the Northern is assigned to the Sons of Japheth (5–7), the Southern to the Sons of Ham (8–16), and the Central to the Sons of Shem (17–23). Had the arrangement been according to descent the Semitic Zidonians and the (probably Mongoloid) Hittites would not have been equally…
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,
Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,
Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,
Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,
Tyndale line
Hadoram also, and Uzal, and Diklah,
and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,
and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah;
Hadoram also, and Uzal, and Diklah,
And Hadoram and Vzal and Diklah,
Strictly literal
and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,
and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,
and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,
And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,
Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,
From the Latin
And Adoram, and Usal, and Decla,
Simplified
Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,
And Hadoram and Uzal and Diklah
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the names as "Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah," in Hebrew: וְאֶת־ הֲדוֹרָ֥ם וְאֶת־ אוּזָ֖ל וְאֶת־ דִּקְלָֽה׃. The Septuagint provides a different word order and structure, but it retains three of the six names from the Masoretic Text, indicating some level of agreement, though the exact wording is not directly matched. There are no significant variations in the names themselves, but the differences in presentation highlight the distinct translation choices made in the Septuagint compared to the Hebrew text.
וְאֶת־ הֲדוֹרָ֥ם וְאֶת־ אוּזָ֖ל וְאֶת־ דִּקְלָֽה׃
3 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 1:21
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
הֲדוֹרָם (Hadoram) refers to a name associated with several figures in the Old Testament. It includes the fifth son of Joktan, an Arabian tribe, and a son of Tou, king of Hamath, who served as an ambassador. Additionally, Hadoram is identified as an official under King Rehoboam, also known as Adoniram or Adoram. The name is noted to mean 'noble honor.'
הֲדוֹרָם n.pr.m.
Arabian tribe, called son of Joktan
son of Tou king of Hamath
base
הֲדֹרָם n.pr.m. an official of Rehoboam
base
H1913a הֲדוֹרָם . Arabian tribe, called son of Joktan
. son of Tou king of Hamath
H1913b הֲדֹרָם an official of Rehoboam
1913 Hadowram had-o-rawm'
or Hadoram {had-o-rawm'}; probably of foreign derivation;
Hadoram, a son of Joktan, and the tribe descended from him:--
Hadoram.
הֲדוֹרָם (ha.do.ram) — Hadoram.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.27;
son of: Joktan (H3355);
brother of: Almodad (H0486), Sheleph (H8026), Hazarmaveth (H2700), Jerah (H3392), Uzal (H0187), Diklah (H1853), Obal (H5745), Abimael (H0039), Sheba (H7614H), Ophir (H0211), Havilah (H2341I) and Jobab (H3103)
§ Hadoram = "noble honour"
1) the 5th son of Joktan, an Arabian tribe
2) a son of Tou, king of Hamath, was his father's ambassador to congratulate David on his victory over Hadarezer, king of Zobah
הֲדֹרָם (ha.do.ram) — Hadoram.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.20.24;
son of: Abda (H5653); also called Adoniram at 1Ki.4.6; 5.14; Hadoram at 2Ch.10.18;
Another name of a.do.ram (אֲדֹרָם "Adoram" H0151)
§ Hadoram = "noble honour"
1) the 5th son of Joktan
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Hadoram
Is exalted. (1.) The son of Tou, king of Hamath, sent by his father to congratulate David on his victory over Hadarezer, king of Syria (1 Chr. 18:10; called Joram 2 Sam. 8:10).
(2.) The fifth son of Joktan, the founder of an Arab tribe (Gen. 10:27; 1 Chr. 1:21).
(3.) One who was “over the tribute;” i.e., “over the levy.” He was stoned by the Israelites after they had revolted from Rehoboam (2 Chr. 10:18). Called also Adoram (2 Sam. 20:24) and Adoniram (1 Kings 4:6).
(noble honor). The fifth son of Joktan. (Genesis 10:27; 1 Chronicles 1:21) His settlements, unlike those of many of Joktan’s sons, have not been identified. Son of Tou or Toi king of Hamath; his father’s ambassador to congratulate David on his victory over Hadarezer king of Zobah. (1 Chronicles 18:10) (B.C. 1035.) The form assumed in Chronicles by the name of the intendant of taxes under David, Solomon and Rehoboam. (2 Chronicles 10:18) In Kings the name is given in the longer form of ADONIRAM, but in Samuel, (2 Samuel 20:24) as ADORAM.
See ADONIRAM.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
אוּזָל (u.zal) refers to Uzal, the sixth son of Joktan, mentioned in the genealogies of Genesis 10:27. The name is noted to mean 'I shall be flooded.' Uzal is associated with a number of brothers, including Almodad and Sheleph, among others.
אוּזָל n.pr.m. 6th son of Joktan
base
H187 אוּזָל 6th son of Joktan
187 'Uwzal oo-zawl'
of uncertain derivation; Uzal, a son of Joktan:--Uzal.
אוּזָל (u.zal) — Uzal.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.27;
son of: Joktan (H3355);
brother of: Almodad (H0486), Sheleph (H8026), Hazarmaveth (H2700), Jerah (H3392), Hadoram (H1913A), Diklah (H1853), Obal (H5745), Abimael (H0039), Sheba (H7614H), Ophir (H0211), Havilah (H2341I) and Jobab (H3103)
§ Uzal = "I shall be flooded"
sixth son Joktan
אוּזָל (u.zal) — Uzal.
§ Uzal = "I shall be flooded"
sixth son Joktan
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
u'-zal ('uzal): Sixth son of Joktan (Ge 10:27; 1Ch 1:21). Uzal as the name of a place perhaps occurs in Eze 27:19. the Revised Version (British and American) reads, "Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares." Here an obscure verbal form, me'uzzal, is taken to mean "something spun," "yarn." But with a very slight change we may read me'uzal = "from Uzal."
The name is identical with the Arabic `Auzal, the old capital of Yemen, later called San`a'. San`a' is described as standing high above sea-level in a fertile land, and traversed by a river bed which in the rainy season becomes a torrent. Under the Himyarite dynasty it succeeded Zafar as the residence of the Tubba`s. If it is the same place as the Audzara or Ausara of the…
Uzal
A wanderer, a descendant of Joktan (Gen. 10:27; 1 Chr. 1:21), the founder apparently of one of the Arab tribes; the name also probably of the province they occupied and of their chief city.
(separate), the sixth son of Joktan, (Genesis 10:27; 1 Chronicles 1:21) whose settlements are clearly traced in the ancient name of San’a , the capital city of the Yemen (a district of Arabia), which was originally Awzal . From its position in the centre of the best portion of that kingdom it must always have been an important city. (San’a is situated about 150 miles from Aden and 100 miles from the coast of the Red Sea. It is one of the most imposing cities of Arabia -ED.)
A son of Joktan, located in Arabia Felix, Ge 10:27.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
דִּקְלָה (Diqlah) refers to a son of Joktan, mentioned in Genesis 10:27, and possibly denotes an Arabian territory or people. The name is thought to mean 'palm grove.' The entries indicate that it has foreign origins and is associated with a region in Arabia.
דִּקְלָה n.pr.m.(loc.) a son of Joktan, i.e. an Arabian territory or people
base
H1853 דִּקְלָה a son of Joktan
1853 Diqlah dik-law'
of foreign origin; Diklah, a region of Arabia:--Diklah.
דִּקְלָה (diq.lah) — Diklah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.27;
son of: Joktan (H3355);
brother of: Almodad (H0486), Sheleph (H8026), Hazarmaveth (H2700), Jerah (H3392), Hadoram (H1913A), Uzal (H0187), Obal (H5745), Abimael (H0039), Sheba (H7614H), Ophir (H0211), Havilah (H2341I) and Jobab (H3103)
§ Diklah = "palm grove"
1) a son of Joktan of Arabia
2) an Arabian territory or people?
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(palm grove). (Genesis 10:27; 1 Chronicles 1:21) a son of Joktan, whose settlements, in common with those of the other sons of Joktan, must be looked for in Arabia. It is thought that Diklah is a part of Arabia containing many palm trees.
A tribe descended from Joktan, Ge 10:27, and dwelling in Southern Arabia, or perhaps near the head of the Persian gulf.
Dildah, his diminishing