Joshua 24:25
Joshua 24:25 in Multiple Translations
On that day Joshua made a covenant for the people, and there at Shechem he established for them a statute and ordinance.
So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem.
So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem.
So Joshua made an agreement with the people that day, and gave them a rule and a law in Shechem.
So Joshua made a solemn agreement between the people and the Lord that day in Shechem, obligating them to follow all the Lord's laws and instructions.
So Ioshua made a couenant with the people the same day, and gaue them an ordinance and lawe in Shechem.
And Joshua maketh a covenant with the people on that day, and layeth on it a statute and an ordinance, in Shechem.
So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and made for them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem.
So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem.
Josue therefore on that day made a covenant, and set before the people commandments and judgments in Sichem.
That day, Joshua established an agreement between the people and Yahweh. He wrote for them all the laws that they were required to obey.
Berean Amplified Bible — Joshua 24:25
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Joshua 24:25 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יִּכְרֹ֨ת
יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ
בְּרִ֛ית
לָ/עָ֖ם
בַּ/יּ֣וֹם
הַ/ה֑וּא
וַ/יָּ֥שֶׂם
ל֛/וֹ
חֹ֥ק
וּ/מִשְׁפָּ֖ט
בִּ/שְׁכֶֽם
וַ/יִּכְרֹ֨ת
kârath
H3772
to cut
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ
Yᵉhôwshûwaʻ
H3091
Joshua
N-proper
בְּרִ֛ית
bᵉrîyth
H1285
covenant
N-fs
לָ/עָ֖ם
ʻam
H5971
Amaw
Prep | N-ms
בַּ/יּ֣וֹם
yôwm
H3117
day
Prep | N-ms
הַ/ה֑וּא
hûwʼ
H1931
he/she/it
Art | Pron
וַ/יָּ֥שֶׂם
sûwm
H7760
to set
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
ל֛/וֹ
Prep | Suff
חֹ֥ק
chôq
H2706
statute
N-ms
וּ/מִשְׁפָּ֖ט
mishpâṭ
H4941
justice
Conj | N-ms
בִּ/שְׁכֶֽם
Shᵉkem
H7927
Shechem
Prep | N-proper
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Joshua 24:25
וַ/יִּכְרֹ֨ת
kârath
H3772
"to cut"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
This Hebrew word means to cut or destroy something, but it also has a special meaning related to making a covenant or agreement. In Genesis 15:18, God makes a covenant with Abram, symbolized by cutting animals in half, showing the seriousness of the promise. This word is used to describe important agreements and alliances.
Definition: : cut/fell 1) to cut, cut off, cut down, cut off a body part, cut out, eliminate, kill, cut a covenant 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to cut off 1a1a) to cut off a body part, behead 1a2) to cut down 1a3) to hew 1a4) to cut or make a covenant 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be cut off 1b2) to be cut down 1b3) to be chewed 1b4) to be cut off, fail 1c) (Pual) 1c1) to be cut off 1c2) to be cut down 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to cut off 1d2) to cut off, destroy 1d3) to cut down, destroy 1d4) to take away 1d5) to permit to perish 1e) (Hophal) cut off
Usage: Occurs in 280 OT verses. KJV: be chewed, be con-(feder-) ate, covenant, cut (down, off), destroy, fail, feller, be freed, hew (down), make a league (covenant), [idiom] lose, perish, [idiom] utterly, [idiom] want. See also: Genesis 9:11; 1 Samuel 24:6; Psalms 12:4.
יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ
Yᵉhôwshûwaʻ
H3091
"Joshua"
N-proper
Joshua was a leader in the Bible, first mentioned in Ezra 2:2, who helped the Israelites return from exile. His name means Jehovah is salvation, and he is also known as Jeshua in some parts of the Bible. He was a key figure in the conquest of Canaan.
Definition: A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.2; son of: Jehozadak (H3087); father of: Joiakim (H3113); also called Jeshua at Ezr.2.2; 3.2,8; 4.3; 5.2; 1x12.1,7,10,26; § Joshua or Jehoshua = "Jehovah is salvation" 1) son of Nun of the tribe of Ephraim and successor to Moses as the leader of the children of Israel; led the conquest of Canaan 2) a resident of Beth-shemesh on whose land the Ark of the Covenant came to a stop after the Philistines returned it 3) son of Jehozadak and high priest after the restoration 4) governor of Jerusalem under king Josiah who gave his name to a gate of the city of Jerusalem
Usage: Occurs in 199 OT verses. KJV: Jehoshua, Jehoshuah, Joshua. Compare H1954 (הוֹשֵׁעַ), H3442 (יֵשׁוּעַ). See also: Exodus 17:9; Joshua 9:15; Zechariah 6:11.
בְּרִ֛ית
bᵉrîyth
H1285
"covenant"
N-fs
A covenant is a promise or agreement between people or between God and people, like a treaty or alliance. It is first mentioned in the Bible in Genesis, where God makes a covenant with Abraham. This concept is central to the Bible.
Definition: 1) covenant, alliance, pledge 1a) between men 1a1) treaty, alliance, league (man to man) 1a2) constitution, ordinance (monarch to subjects) 1a3) agreement, pledge (man to man) 1a4) alliance (of friendship) 1a5) alliance (of marriage) 1b) between God and man 1b1) alliance (of friendship) 1b2) covenant (divine ordinance with signs or pledges) 2) (phrases) 2a) covenant making 2b) covenant keeping 2c) covenant violation
Usage: Occurs in 264 OT verses. KJV: confederacy, (con-) feder(-ate), covenant, league. See also: Genesis 6:18; Judges 20:27; Psalms 25:10.
לָ/עָ֖ם
ʻam
H5971
"Amaw"
Prep | N-ms
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Definition: This name means nation, people
Usage: Occurs in 1655 OT verses. KJV: folk, men, nation, people. See also: Genesis 11:6; Exodus 16:4; Leviticus 17:9.
בַּ/יּ֣וֹם
yôwm
H3117
"day"
Prep | N-ms
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: : day/when/time/period 1) day, time, year 1a) day (as opposed to night) 1b) day (24 hour period) 1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1 1b2) as a division of time 1b2a) a working day, a day's journey 1c) days, lifetime (pl.) 1d) time, period (general) 1e) year 1f) temporal references 1f1) today 1f2) yesterday 1f3) tomorrow
Usage: Occurs in 1930 OT verses. KJV: age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger. See also: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 33:13; Exodus 23:15.
הַ/ה֑וּא
hûwʼ
H1931
"he/she/it"
Art | Pron
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Definition: pron 3p s 1) he, she, it 1a) himself (with emphasis) 1b) resuming subj with emphasis 1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate) 1d) (anticipating subj) 1e) (emphasising predicate) 1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron 2) that (with article)
Usage: Occurs in 1693 OT verses. KJV: he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who. See also: Genesis 2:11; Genesis 32:19; Exodus 21:3.
וַ/יָּ֥שֶׂם
sûwm
H7760
"to set"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
This Hebrew word means to put or place something, and is used in many different ways in the Bible, such as to appoint or determine something. It is first used in Genesis to describe God's creation. In the KJV, it is translated as 'appoint' or 'set' in various contexts.
Definition: : make/establish 1) to put, place, set, appoint, make 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on 1a2) to set, direct, direct toward 1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig) 1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix 1a4) to set, station, put, set in place, plant, fix 1a5) to make, make for, transform into, constitute, fashion, work, bring to pass, appoint, give 1b) (Hiphil) to set or make for a sign 1c) (Hophal) to be set
Usage: Occurs in 550 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring, call (a name), care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider, convey, determine, [phrase] disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out), mark, [phrase] name, [idiom] on, ordain, order, [phrase] paint, place, preserve, purpose, put (on), [phrase] regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set (on, up), shew, [phrase] stedfastly, take, [idiom] tell, [phrase] tread down, (over-)turn, [idiom] wholly, work. See also: Genesis 2:8; Leviticus 20:5; 1 Samuel 21:13.
ל֛/וֹ
""
Prep | Suff
חֹ֥ק
chôq
H2706
"statute"
N-ms
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a decree or law given by God, like the Ten Commandments. It appears in books like Exodus and Deuteronomy, guiding the Israelites' actions. This concept is essential to understanding God's expectations.
Definition: : decree 1) statute, ordinance, limit, something prescribed, due 1a) prescribed task 1b) prescribed portion 1c) action prescribed (for oneself), resolve 1d) prescribed due 1e) prescribed limit, boundary 1f) enactment, decree, ordinance 1f1) specific decree 1f2) law in general 1g) enactments, statutes 1g1) conditions 1g2) enactments 1g3) decrees 1g4) civil enactments prescribed by God
Usage: Occurs in 124 OT verses. KJV: appointed, bound, commandment, convenient, custom, decree(-d), due, law, measure, [idiom] necessary, ordinance(-nary), portion, set time, statute, task. See also: Genesis 47:22; Nehemiah 1:7; Psalms 2:7.
וּ/מִשְׁפָּ֖ט
mishpâṭ
H4941
"justice"
Conj | N-ms
Mishpat means justice or judgment, and is often used to describe God's righteous judgment, as well as human laws and decisions, in books like Deuteronomy and Isaiah.
Definition: : judgement/punishment 1) judgment, justice, ordinance 1a) judgment 1a1) act of deciding a case 1a2) place, court, seat of judgment 1a3) process, procedure, litigation (before judges) 1a4) case, cause (presented for judgment) 1a5) sentence, decision (of judgment) 1a6) execution (of judgment) 1a7) time (of judgment) 1b) justice, right, rectitude (attributes of God or man) 1c) ordinance 1d) decision (in law) 1e) right, privilege, due (legal) 1f) proper, fitting, measure, fitness, custom, manner, plan
Usage: Occurs in 406 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] adversary, ceremony, charge, [idiom] crime, custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due, fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly), (manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order, ordinance, right, sentence, usest, [idiom] worthy, [phrase] wrong. See also: Genesis 18:19; 1 Kings 2:3; Psalms 1:5.
בִּ/שְׁכֶֽם
Shᵉkem
H7927
"Shechem"
Prep | N-proper
Shechem refers to a city in Palestine and a man who lived during the time of the Patriarchs, mentioned in Genesis 33:19. He was the son of Hamor, a Hivite chieftain. The city was located between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.33.19; son of: Hamor (H2544) § Shechem = "back" or "shoulder" 1) son of Hamor, the chieftain of the Hivites at Shechem at the time of Jacob's arrival 2) a city in Manasseh; located in a valley between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, 34 miles (54 km) north of Jerusalem and 7 miles (10.5 km) south- east of Samaria
Usage: Occurs in 54 OT verses. KJV: Shechem. See also: Genesis 12:6; Judges 9:6; Psalms 60:8.
Study Notes — Joshua 24:25
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Joshua 24:25 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Joshua 24:25
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 24:25
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 24:25
- Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 24:25
- Ellicott's Commentary on Joshua 24:25
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Joshua 24:25
- Cambridge Bible on Joshua 24:25
- Barnes' Notes on Joshua 24:25
- Whedon's Commentary on Joshua 24:25
- Sermons on Joshua 24:25
Context — Choose Whom You Will Serve
23“Now, therefore,” he said, “get rid of the foreign gods among you and incline your hearts to the LORD, the God of Israel.”
24So the people said to Joshua, “We will serve the LORD our God and obey His voice.”
25On that day Joshua made a covenant for the people, and there at Shechem he established for them a statute and ordinance.
26Joshua recorded these things in the Book of the Law of God. Then he took a large stone and set it up there under the oak that was near the sanctuary of the LORD. 27And Joshua said to all the people, “You see this stone. It will be a witness against us, for it has heard all the words the LORD has spoken to us, and it will be a witness against you if you ever deny your God.”Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nehemiah 9:38 | In view of all this, we make a binding agreement, putting it in writing and sealing it with the names of our leaders, Levites, and priests.” |
| 2 | 2 Chronicles 23:16 | Then Jehoiada made a covenant between himself and the king and the people that they would be the LORD’s people. |
| 3 | Exodus 15:25 | And Moses cried out to the LORD, and the LORD showed him a log. And when he cast it into the waters, they were sweetened. There the LORD made for them a statute and an ordinance, and there He tested them, |
| 4 | 2 Kings 11:17 | Then Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD and the king and the people that they would be the LORD’s people. He also made a covenant between the king and the people. |
| 5 | 2 Chronicles 15:15 | And all Judah rejoiced over the oath, for they had sworn it with all their heart. They had sought Him earnestly, and He was found by them. So the LORD gave them rest on every side. |
| 6 | 2 Chronicles 34:29–32 | Then the king summoned all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. And he went up to the house of the LORD with all the people of Judah and Jerusalem, as well as the priests and the Levites—all the people small and great—and in their hearing he read all the words of the Book of the Covenant that had been found in the house of the LORD. So the king stood by the pillar and made a covenant before the LORD to follow the LORD and to keep His commandments, decrees, and statutes with all his heart and all his soul, and to carry out the words of this covenant that were written in this book. Then he had everyone in Jerusalem and Benjamin take a stand in agreement to it. So all the people of Jerusalem carried out the covenant of God, the God of their fathers. |
| 7 | Exodus 24:7–8 | Then he took the Book of the Covenant and read it to the people, who replied, “All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient.” So Moses took the blood, sprinkled it on the people, and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you in accordance with all these words.” |
| 8 | Deuteronomy 29:1 | These are the words of the covenant that the LORD commanded Moses to make with the Israelites in the land of Moab, in addition to the covenant He had made with them at Horeb. |
| 9 | Deuteronomy 5:2–3 | The LORD our God made a covenant with us at Horeb. He did not make this covenant with our fathers, but with all of us who are alive here today. |
| 10 | Joshua 24:1 | Then Joshua assembled all the tribes of Israel at Shechem. He summoned the elders, leaders, judges, and officers of Israel, and they presented themselves before God. |
Joshua 24:25 Summary
In Joshua 24:25, Joshua makes a formal agreement, or covenant, between God and the people, where they promise to obey and follow Him. This covenant is like a promise to God, where the people agree to serve and obey Him, as seen in Deuteronomy 10:12-13. By making this covenant, the people are reminded of their commitment to God and are called to live according to His rules and guidelines, similar to what is found in Exodus 20:1-17. This serves as a reminder for us today to also make a commitment to follow God and to obey His commands, as stated in Matthew 22:37-40.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the significance of Joshua making a covenant for the people in Joshua 24:25?
Joshua making a covenant for the people signifies a formal agreement between God and the Israelites, where they promise to obey and follow Him, as seen in Deuteronomy 29:1, and this covenant is a reminder of their commitment to serve the Lord.
Why did Joshua establish a statute and ordinance for the people at Shechem?
Joshua established a statute and ordinance for the people at Shechem to provide a set of rules and guidelines for them to follow, similar to what is found in Exodus 20:1-17, and to help them remember their covenant with God, as mentioned in Joshua 24:25.
How does this verse relate to the overall theme of Joshua 24?
This verse is a culmination of Joshua's speech in Joshua 24, where he reminds the people of their history with God, as seen in Joshua 24:1-13, and calls them to commit to serving Him, as stated in Joshua 24:14-24, and the covenant made in Joshua 24:25 serves as a seal to their promise.
What is the role of Shechem in this verse?
Shechem is the location where Joshua makes the covenant with the people, and it holds significant historical and spiritual value, as seen in Genesis 12:6-7, where God appears to Abraham, and in Genesis 33:18-20, where Jacob purchases land, making it a fitting place for this important event.
Reflection Questions
- What does it mean for you to make a covenant with God, and how can you apply this concept to your own life?
- How can you, like the Israelites, establish reminders of your commitment to God, such as the statute and ordinance mentioned in Joshua 24:25?
- What role does community play in your spiritual journey, and how can you, like Joshua, lead others in making a commitment to serve God?
- In what ways can you, like the Israelites, be intentional about remembering and honoring your covenant with God, as seen in Joshua 24:25?
Gill's Exposition on Joshua 24:25
So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day,.... Proposing to them what was most eligible, and their duty to do, and they agreeing to it, this formally constituted a covenant, of which they
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 24:25
So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 24:25
Either, 1. He set, or propounded, or declared unto them the statute and ordinance, i.e. the sum of the statutes and ordinances of God, which their covenant obliged them to Or, 2. He set or established it, to wit, that covenant, with them, i.e. the people for a statute or an ordinance, to bind themselves and their posterity unto God for ever, as a statute and ordinance of God doth.
Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 24:25
Joshua 24:25 So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem.Ver. 25. And set there a statute and an ordinance.] Capita faederis ex Deuteronomio praelegit, saith one; he read them the Articles of the Covenant out of Deuteronomy.
Ellicott's Commentary on Joshua 24:25
(25) So Joshua made a covenant—i.e., a covenant that idolatry should not be tolerated in Israel, or suffered to exist. We read of similar covenants in the reign of Asa (2 Chronicles 15:12-13), in the reign of Joash, by Jehoiada (2 Chronicles 23:16), and of Josiah (2 Chronicles 34:31-32).
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Joshua 24:25
Verse 25. Joshua made a covenant] Literally, Joshua cut the covenant, alluding to the sacrifice offered on the occasion. And set then a statute and an ordinance] He made a solemn and public act of the whole, which was signed and witnessed by himself and the people, in the presence of Jehovah; and having done so, he wrote the words of the covenant in the book of the law of God, probably in some part of the skin constituting the great roll, on which the laws of God were written, and of which there were some blank columns to spare. Having done this, he took a great stone and set it up under an oak-that this might be ed or witness that, at such a time and place, this covenant was made, the terms of which might be found written in the book of the law, which was laid up beside the ark. See Deuteronomy 31:26.
Cambridge Bible on Joshua 24:25
25–28. Solemn Renewal of the Covenant 25. So Joshua made a covenant] “Percussit ergo Josue in die illo fœdus,” Vulgate. “Thanne Josue smoot a boond of pees,” Wyclif. A covenant had been concluded by God on Sinai with Israel (Exodus 19:20) and solemnly ratified with (a) burnt-offerings and peace-offerings at the foot of the mount; (b) the reading of every word of the Law in the ears of the people; (c) the sprinkling of one half of the blood of the victims on the altars and the roll containing the covenant conditions, and the other half on the people (Exodus 24:3-8; Hebrews 9:19-20). This covenant Moses had renewed in “the field” of Moab (Deuteronomy 29:1), with (a) a transcription of the blessings and curses of the Law; (b) a solemn delivery of it to the priests, to be placed beside the Ark in the Holy of Holies, and to be read, in the hearing of all the people, once every seven years, at the Feast of Tabernacles (Deuteronomy 31:9-11; Deuteronomy 31:25-26). Joshua, who had been present at the ratification of both the previous covenants, renews it now, and doubtless with august ceremonial. and set them a statute] “And settide forth to çe puple comaundementis and domes in Sichen,” Wyclif. Comp. Exodus 15:25. He determined and established “what in matters of religion should be with Israel law and right.”
Barnes' Notes on Joshua 24:25
Made a covenant with the people - i. e. he solemnly ratified and renewed the covenant of Sinai, as Moses had done before him Deuteronomy 29:1. As no new or different covenant was made, no sacrifices were necessary.
Whedon's Commentary on Joshua 24:25
THE GREAT STONE OF WITNESS, Joshua 24:25-28. 25. A statute and an ordinance — This was the renewal of the law given on Sinai, imposing no new obligations.
Sermons on Joshua 24:25
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
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A Covenant by Phoebe Palmer | Phoebe Palmer delivers a powerful sermon on consecrating oneself fully to the Lord, surrendering body, soul, spirit, time, talents, influence, family, and possessions to God. She e |
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Enduring the Test by Jim Cymbala | In this sermon, the speaker discusses the journey of the Israelites as they were led by God out of Egypt towards the land of Canaan. The speaker emphasizes the importance of trusti |
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Call to Repentance by George Warnock | In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes that Israel failed to learn from their experiences in the wilderness, despite God's tender leading and the manifestation of His glory. The sp |
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Bible Survey - Zephaniah by Peter Hammond | Peter Hammond preaches on the prophet Zephaniah, who delivered prophecies during the reign of King Josiah, calling for repentance and seeking righteousness and humility. Zephaniah' |
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(Exodus) Exodus 24:1-8 by J. Vernon McGee | In this sermon, the preacher discusses the state of sin and moral confusion in the world today. He references Isaiah's prophecy about a time when sin would be called good and bad w |
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Key Words: Obedience by J. Glyn Owen | In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of dedicating one's life to God and obeying His commandments. He references the Israelites in the book of Exodus, who initiall |
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Growing in Grace #3 - Living Daily by the Grace of God by Bob Hoekstra | In this sermon on John 15:4-5, the preacher emphasizes the importance of abiding in Jesus and having a deep connection with Him. He uses the analogy of a vine and its branches to i |