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Joshua 10:31

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Joshua 10:31 in Multiple Translations

Berean Standard Bible BSB

And Joshua and all Israel with him moved on from Libnah to Lachish. They laid siege to it and fought against it.

King James Version KJV

¶ And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it:

American Standard Version ASV

And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it:

Bible in Basic English BBE

Then Joshua and all Israel with him went on from Libnah to Lachish, and took up their position against it and made an attack on it,

Free Bible Version FBV

Then Joshua and the Israelite army moved on from Libnah to Lachish, surrounding the town and attacking it.

Geneva Bible 1599 GNV

And Ioshua departed from Libnah, and all Israel with him vnto Lachish, and besieged it, and assaulted it.

Young's Literal Translation YLT

And Joshua passeth over, and all Israel with him, from Libnah to Lachish, and encampeth against it, and fighteth against it;

World English Bible WEB

Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, to Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it.

Noah Webster Bible WBS

And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, to Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it:

Douay-Rheims 1899 DRV

From Lebna he passed unto Lachis, with all Israel: and investing it with his army, besieged it.

Translation for Translators T4T

Then Joshua and his army went south from Libnah to Lachish city. They surrounded the city and attacked it.

Study Highlights

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Berean Amplified Bible — Joshua 10:31

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Joshua 10:31 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וַ/יַּעֲבֹ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ וְ/כָל יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֛/וֹ מִ/לִּבְנָ֖ה לָכִ֑ישָׁ/ה וַ/יִּ֣חַן עָלֶ֔י/הָ וַ/יִּלָּ֖חֶם בָּֽ/הּ
וַ/יַּעֲבֹ֣ר ʻâbar H5674 to pass Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ Yᵉhôwshûwaʻ H3091 Joshua N-proper
וְ/כָל kôl H3605 all Conj | N-ms
יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 Israel N-proper
עִמּ֛/וֹ ʻim H5973 with Prep | Suff
מִ/לִּבְנָ֖ה Libnâh H3841 Libnah Prep | N-proper
לָכִ֑ישָׁ/ה Lâkîysh H3923 Lachish N-proper | Suff
וַ/יִּ֣חַן chânâh H2583 to camp Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
עָלֶ֔י/הָ ʻal H5921 upon Prep | Suff
וַ/יִּלָּ֖חֶם lâcham H3898 to fight Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3ms
בָּֽ/הּ Prep | Suff
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Joshua 10:31

וַ/יַּעֲבֹ֣ר ʻâbar H5674 "to pass" Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
This verb can mean to cross over or transition from one thing to another, and is sometimes used to describe being arrogant or crossing a boundary.
Definition: 1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over 1a2) to pass beyond 1a3) to pass through, traverse 1a3a) passers-through (participle) 1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant) 1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by 1a4a) passer-by (participle) 1a4b) to be past, be over 1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance 1a6) to pass away 1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory) 1a6b) to vanish 1a6c) to perish, cease to exist 1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree) 1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands 1b) (Niphal) to be crossed 1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to cause to pass over, cause to bring over, cause to cross over, make over to, dedicate, devote 1d2) to cause to pass through 1d3) to cause to pass by or beyond or under, let pass by 1d4) to cause to pass away, cause to take away 1e) (Hithpael) to pass over
Usage: Occurs in 493 OT verses. KJV: alienate, alter, [idiom] at all, beyond, bring (over, through), carry over, (over-) come (on, over), conduct (over), convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail, gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way, in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle, overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over) pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over, through), (cause to, make) [phrase] proclaim(-amation), perish, provoke to anger, put away, rage, [phrase] raiser of taxes, remove, send over, set apart, [phrase] shave, cause to (make) sound, [idiom] speedily, [idiom] sweet smelling, take (away), (make to) transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-) faring man, be wrath. See also: Genesis 8:1; Deuteronomy 27:2; 1 Samuel 25:19.
יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ Yᵉhôwshûwaʻ H3091 "Joshua" N-proper
Joshua was a leader in the Bible, first mentioned in Ezra 2:2, who helped the Israelites return from exile. His name means Jehovah is salvation, and he is also known as Jeshua in some parts of the Bible. He was a key figure in the conquest of Canaan.
Definition: A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.2; son of: Jehozadak (H3087); father of: Joiakim (H3113); also called Jeshua at Ezr.2.2; 3.2,8; 4.3; 5.2; 1x12.1,7,10,26; § Joshua or Jehoshua = "Jehovah is salvation" 1) son of Nun of the tribe of Ephraim and successor to Moses as the leader of the children of Israel; led the conquest of Canaan 2) a resident of Beth-shemesh on whose land the Ark of the Covenant came to a stop after the Philistines returned it 3) son of Jehozadak and high priest after the restoration 4) governor of Jerusalem under king Josiah who gave his name to a gate of the city of Jerusalem
Usage: Occurs in 199 OT verses. KJV: Jehoshua, Jehoshuah, Joshua. Compare H1954 (הוֹשֵׁעַ), H3442 (יֵשׁוּעַ). See also: Exodus 17:9; Joshua 9:15; Zechariah 6:11.
וְ/כָל kôl H3605 "all" Conj | N-ms
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 "Israel" N-proper
Israel is the symbolic name of Jacob, also referring to his descendants. Jacob, son of Isaac and Rebekah, had 12 sons who became the tribes of Israel, as told in Genesis 25:26. His story is crucial to the Bible's narrative.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26; son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259); brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A); father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently § Israel = "God prevails" 1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel 2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob 2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split 2b) the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah 2c) the name of the nation after the return from exile
Usage: Occurs in 2231 OT verses. KJV: Israel. See also: Genesis 32:29; Exodus 13:18; Exodus 40:38.
עִמּ֛/וֹ ʻim H5973 "with" Prep | Suff
This Hebrew word means with or together, like when God is with his people in Exodus 33:14-15. It's used to describe accompaniment or association, and can also mean against or beside. The word is used to convey a sense of relationship or proximity between people or things.
Definition: 1) with 1a) with 1b) against 1c) toward 1d) as long as
Usage: Occurs in 919 OT verses. KJV: accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al). See also: Genesis 3:6; Exodus 21:14; Deuteronomy 29:11.
מִ/לִּבְנָ֖ה Libnâh H3841 "Libnah" Prep | N-proper
Libnah was a city in Palestine, originally a Canaanite royal city, later captured by Joshua and allocated to Judah.
Definition: § Libnah = "pavement" a royal city of the Canaanites in the southwest captured by Joshua; allocated to Judah and made a Levitical city
Usage: Occurs in 17 OT verses. KJV: Libnah. See also: Numbers 33:20; Joshua 21:13; Isaiah 37:8.
לָכִ֑ישָׁ/ה Lâkîysh H3923 "Lachish" N-proper | Suff
Lachish is a city in Palestine, south of Jerusalem, which was conquered by Joshua and given to the tribe of Judah. Its name means invincible. Lachish was an Amorite city before Joshua's conquest.
Definition: § Lachish = "invincible" a city lying south of Jerusalem on the borders of Simeon and which belonged to the Amorites until conquered by Joshua and allotted to Judah
Usage: Occurs in 22 OT verses. KJV: Lachish. See also: Joshua 10:3; 2 Kings 18:14; Isaiah 36:2.
וַ/יִּ֣חַן chânâh H2583 "to camp" Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
This Hebrew verb means to set up camp or pitch a tent, like when the Israelites encamped in the wilderness. It can also mean to lay siege against a city.
Definition: 1) to decline, incline, encamp, bend down, lay siege against 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to decline 1a2) to encamp
Usage: Occurs in 135 OT verses. KJV: abide (in tents), camp, dwell, encamp, grow to an end, lie, pitch (tent), rest in tent. See also: Genesis 26:17; Numbers 33:33; Psalms 27:3.
עָלֶ֔י/הָ ʻal H5921 "upon" Prep | Suff
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Definition: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative)
Usage: Occurs in 4493 OT verses. KJV: above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 24:13; Genesis 41:33.
וַ/יִּלָּ֖חֶם lâcham H3898 "to fight" Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3ms
In the Bible, this word means to feed on or consume something, often referring to eating food or battling against someone. It's used in stories like David's battles and the Israelites' struggles in the wilderness.
Definition: 1) to fight, do battle, make war 1a) (Qal) to fight, do battle 1b) (Niphal) to engage in battle, wage war
Usage: Occurs in 171 OT verses. KJV: devour, eat, [idiom] ever, fight(-ing), overcome, prevail, (make) war(-ring). See also: Exodus 1:10; 2 Samuel 8:10; Psalms 35:1.
בָּֽ/הּ "" Prep | Suff

Study Notes — Joshua 10:31

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Joshua 10:3 Therefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent word to Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, saying,
2 Joshua 12:11 the king of Jarmuth, one; the king of Lachish, one;
3 Joshua 10:5 So the five kings of the Amorites—the kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon—joined forces and advanced with all their armies. They camped before Gibeon and made war against it.
4 Isaiah 37:8 When the Rabshakeh heard that the king of Assyria had left Lachish, he withdrew and found the king fighting against Libnah.
5 Micah 1:13 Harness your chariot horses, O dweller of Lachish. You were the beginning of sin to the Daughter of Zion, for the transgressions of Israel were found in you.
6 Joshua 15:39 Lachish, Bozkath, Eglon,
7 2 Kings 19:8 When the Rabshakeh heard that the king of Assyria had left Lachish, he withdrew and found the king fighting against Libnah.
8 2 Chronicles 11:9 Adoraim, Lachish, Azekah,

Joshua 10:31 Summary

This verse tells us that Joshua and the Israelites moved on to the next city, Lachish, and prepared to fight against it. They trusted in God's power and guidance to help them overcome their enemies, just like God had promised in Deuteronomy 31:6-8. As they laid siege to the city, they were relying on God's strength and strategy to win the battle. We can learn from Joshua's example by trusting God in our own lives and moving forward in obedience to His commands, even when it's difficult or uncertain, as seen in Psalm 23:4 and Isaiah 41:10.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did Joshua and the Israelites continue to move from city to city, fighting battles?

Joshua and the Israelites were following God's command to conquer the land, as seen in Deuteronomy 7:1-2, and to fulfill the promise God made to Abraham in Genesis 12:7, and they trusted in God's power and guidance to overcome their enemies.

What does it mean to 'lay siege' to a city?

To lay siege to a city means to surround and blockade it, cutting off supplies and escape routes, in order to capture or force its surrender, as seen in Joshua 10:31 and 2 Kings 25:1-2.

How did Joshua's actions in this verse reflect his trust in God?

Joshua's actions in this verse reflect his trust in God because he moved forward in obedience to God's commands, despite the challenges and dangers of battle, as seen in Joshua 1:9 and Psalm 37:3-5.

What can we learn from Joshua's example about trusting God in our own lives?

We can learn from Joshua's example that trusting God means obeying His commands, even when it's difficult or uncertain, and having faith that He will guide and empower us, as seen in Proverbs 3:5-6 and Jeremiah 29:11.

Reflection Questions

  1. What are some areas in my life where I need to trust God and move forward in obedience, even if it's challenging?
  2. How can I apply the principle of trusting God's power and guidance in my own battles and struggles, just like Joshua did?
  3. What does it mean for me to 'lay siege' to the strongholds of sin and negativity in my life, and how can I trust God to help me overcome them?
  4. In what ways can I demonstrate my trust in God's goodness and sovereignty, just like Joshua did, and how can I share that trust with others?

Gill's Exposition on Joshua 10:31

And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish,.... Which, according to Bunting (d), was eight miles from Libnah, and twenty miles from Jerusalem to the southwest of this city;

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 10:31

Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against Libnah: No JFB commentary on these verses.

Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 10:31

Joshua 10:31 And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it:Ver. 31. And Joshua passed.] See Joshua 10:29.

Ellicott's Commentary on Joshua 10:31

(31) Lachish has been variously identified, (1) as Um-Lâkis; (2) Zukkanjek; (3) Tell-el-Hesy, near Eglon. It cannot have been far from this latter place.

Cambridge Bible on Joshua 10:31

31. unto Lachish] See above, Joshua 10:3. The Israelitish leader moved in a south-westerly direction.

Whedon's Commentary on Joshua 10:31

31. Lachish — See Joshua 10:3, note.
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