Joshua 10:3
Joshua 10:3 in Multiple Translations
Therefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent word to Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, saying,
Wherefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,
Wherefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,
So Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem, sent to Hoham, king of Hebron, and to Piram, king of Jarmuth, and to Japhia, king of Lachish, and to Debir, king of Eglon, saying,
So Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem, sent a message to Hoham, king of Hebron, Piram, king of Jarmuth, Japhia, king of Lachish, and Debir, king of Eglon, saying,
Wherefore Adoni-zedek King of Ierusalem sent vnto Hoham King of Hebron, and vnto Piram King of Iarmuth, and vnto Iapia King of Lachish, and vnto Debir King of Eglon, saying,
And Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem sendeth unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,
Therefore Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem sent to Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, saying,
Wherefore Adoni-zedec king of Jerusalem sent to Hoham king of Hebron, and to Piram king of Jarmuth, and to Japhia king of Lachish, and to Debir king of Eglon, saying,
Therefore Adonisedec king of Jerusalem sent to Oham king of Hebron, and to Pharam king of Jerimoth, and to Japhia king of Lachis, and to Dabir king of Eglon, saying:
So King Adonizedek sent a message to Hosham the king of Hebron city, to Piram the king of Jarmuth city, to Jarmuth the king of Lachish city, and to Debir the king of Eglon city.
Berean Amplified Bible — Joshua 10:3
BAB
Word Study
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Joshua 10:3 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֨ח
אֲדֹנִי
צֶ֜דֶק
מֶ֣לֶךְ
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם
אֶל
הוֹהָ֣ם
מֶֽלֶךְ
חֶ֠בְרוֹן
וְ/אֶל
פִּרְאָ֨ם
מֶֽלֶךְ
יַרְמ֜וּת
וְ/אֶל
יָפִ֧יעַ
מֶֽלֶךְ
לָכִ֛ישׁ
וְ/אֶל
דְּבִ֥יר
מֶֽלֶךְ
עֶגְל֖וֹן
לֵ/אמֹֽר
וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֨ח
shâlach
H7971
to send
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
אֲדֹנִי
ʼĂdônîy-Tsedeq
H139
Adoni-zedek
N-proper
צֶ֜דֶק
ʼĂdônîy-Tsedeq
H139
Adoni-zedek
N-proper
מֶ֣לֶךְ
melek
H4428
King's
N-ms
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם
Yᵉrûwshâlaim
H3389
Jerusalem
N-proper
אֶל
ʼêl
H413
to(wards)
Prep
הוֹהָ֣ם
Hôwhâm
H1944
Hoham
N-proper
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
King's
N-ms
חֶ֠בְרוֹן
Chebrôwn
H2275
Hebron (Valley)
N-proper
וְ/אֶל
ʼêl
H413
to(wards)
Conj | Prep
פִּרְאָ֨ם
Pirʼâm
H6502
Piram
N-proper
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
King's
N-ms
יַרְמ֜וּת
Yarmûwth
H3412
Jarmuth
N-proper
וְ/אֶל
ʼêl
H413
to(wards)
Conj | Prep
יָפִ֧יעַ
Yâphîyaʻ
H3309
Japhia
N-proper
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
King's
N-ms
לָכִ֛ישׁ
Lâkîysh
H3923
Lachish
N-proper
וְ/אֶל
ʼêl
H413
to(wards)
Conj | Prep
דְּבִ֥יר
Dᵉbîyr
H1688
Debir
N-proper
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
King's
N-ms
עֶגְל֖וֹן
ʻEglôwn
H5700
Eglon
N-proper
לֵ/אמֹֽר
ʼâmar
H559
to say
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Joshua 10:3
וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֨ח
shâlach
H7971
"to send"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
To send or depart is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which has various applications in the Bible. It can describe sending someone or something away, or letting something go.
Definition: : depart/send 1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to send 1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct 1a3) to send away 1a4) to let loose 1b) (Niphal) to be sent 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out 1c2) to let go, set free 1c3) to shoot forth (of branches) 1c4) to let down 1c5) to shoot 1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled 1e) (Hiphil) to send
Usage: Occurs in 790 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring (on the way), cast (away, out), conduct, [idiom] earnestly, forsake, give (up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose), push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send (away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread, stretch forth (out). See also: Genesis 3:22; Exodus 9:27; Joshua 14:11.
אֲדֹנִי
ʼĂdônîy-Tsedeq
H139
"Adoni-zedek"
N-proper
Adoni-zedek was a Canaanite king who lived before Israel's Monarchy and was first mentioned in Joshua 10:1. His name means my lord is righteous, and he was slain by Joshua.
Definition: A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jos.10.1 § Adoni-zedek = "my lord is righteous" Canaanite king slain by Joshua
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: Adonizedec. See also: Joshua 10:1; Joshua 10:3.
צֶ֜דֶק
ʼĂdônîy-Tsedeq
H139
"Adoni-zedek"
N-proper
Adoni-zedek was a Canaanite king who lived before Israel's Monarchy and was first mentioned in Joshua 10:1. His name means my lord is righteous, and he was slain by Joshua.
Definition: A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jos.10.1 § Adoni-zedek = "my lord is righteous" Canaanite king slain by Joshua
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: Adonizedec. See also: Joshua 10:1; Joshua 10:3.
מֶ֣לֶךְ
melek
H4428
"King's"
N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם
Yᵉrûwshâlaim
H3389
"Jerusalem"
N-proper
Jerusalem is the capital city of Palestine, also known as the city of peace. It was the chief city of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split.
Definition: § Jerusalem = "teaching of peace" the chief city of Palestine and capital of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split
Usage: Occurs in 600 OT verses. KJV: Jerusalem. See also: Joshua 10:1; 2 Kings 22:14; 2 Chronicles 24:6.
אֶל
ʼêl
H413
"to(wards)"
Prep
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.
הוֹהָ֣ם
Hôwhâm
H1944
"Hoham"
N-proper
Hoham was a Canaanite king during Israel's conquest of Canaan, specifically the king of Hebron. His name means whom Jehovah impels, and he's mentioned in Joshua 10:3. Hoham played a role in the biblical account of the conquest.
Definition: A man living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at Jos.10.3 § Hoham = "whom Jehovah impels" king of Hebron at the time of the conquest of Canaan
Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: Hoham. See also: Joshua 10:3.
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
"King's"
N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
חֶ֠בְרוֹן
Chebrôwn
H2275
"Hebron (Valley)"
N-proper
Hebron is a place in Palestine and also the name of two Israelites, one a descendant of Levi and the other of Caleb. It is first mentioned in the book of Genesis and is also referenced in 1 Chronicles.
Definition: Hebron = "association" Combined with e.meq (עֵ֫מֶק " Valley" H6010K)
Usage: Occurs in 66 OT verses. KJV: Hebron. See also: Genesis 13:18; 2 Samuel 3:19; 2 Chronicles 11:10.
וְ/אֶל
ʼêl
H413
"to(wards)"
Conj | Prep
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.
פִּרְאָ֨ם
Pirʼâm
H6502
"Piram"
N-proper
Piram was a Canaanite king who lived before the time of the Israelite monarchy. He was the king of Jarmuth and is mentioned in the book of Joshua as an enemy of the Israelites. His name means 'like a wild ass'.
Definition: A man living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at Jos.10.3 § Piram = "like a wild ass" the Amorite king of Jarmuth at the time of the conquest
Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: Piram. See also: Joshua 10:3.
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
"King's"
N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
יַרְמ֜וּת
Yarmûwth
H3412
"Jarmuth"
N-proper
Jarmuth means heights, a city in Palestine given to the Levites. It is mentioned in the Bible as a Levitical city of Issachar. The city was allocated to the Gershonite Levites.
Definition: § Jarmuth = "heights" a Levitical city of Issachar allocated to the Gershonite Levites
Usage: Occurs in 7 OT verses. KJV: Jarmuth. See also: Joshua 10:3; Joshua 12:11; Nehemiah 11:29.
וְ/אֶל
ʼêl
H413
"to(wards)"
Conj | Prep
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.
יָפִ֧יעַ
Yâphîyaʻ
H3309
"Japhia"
N-proper
Japhia was a man and a place in Palestine, also the name of a son of King David, mentioned in 2 Samuel 5:15.
Definition: A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.5.15; son of: David (H1732); brother of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N) § Japhia = "shining" 1) a town on the border of Zebulun and Issachar 1a) perhaps modern 'Yafa' 2) the king of Lachish at the time of the conquest of Canaan by Joshua 3) a son of David by a concubine
Usage: Occurs in 5 OT verses. KJV: Japhia. See also: Joshua 10:3; 2 Samuel 5:15; 1 Chronicles 14:6.
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
"King's"
N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
לָכִ֛ישׁ
Lâkîysh
H3923
"Lachish"
N-proper
Lachish is a city in Palestine, south of Jerusalem, which was conquered by Joshua and given to the tribe of Judah. Its name means invincible. Lachish was an Amorite city before Joshua's conquest.
Definition: § Lachish = "invincible" a city lying south of Jerusalem on the borders of Simeon and which belonged to the Amorites until conquered by Joshua and allotted to Judah
Usage: Occurs in 22 OT verses. KJV: Lachish. See also: Joshua 10:3; 2 Kings 18:14; Isaiah 36:2.
וְ/אֶל
ʼêl
H413
"to(wards)"
Conj | Prep
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Definition: 1) to, toward, unto (of motion) 2) into (limit is actually entered) 2a) in among 3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion) 4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character) 5) in addition to, to 6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of 7) according to (rule or standard) 8) at, by, against (of one's presence) 9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Usage: Occurs in 4205 OT verses. KJV: about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:9; Genesis 21:14; Genesis 31:13.
דְּבִ֥יר
Dᵉbîyr
H1688
"Debir"
N-proper
Debir was an Amoritish king and the name of two places in Palestine, one of which was a town in the territory of Manasseh. It is mentioned in the book of Joshua as a location conquered by the Israelites.
Definition: A man living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at Jos.10.3 § Lo-debar = "not a pasture" a town in Manasseh in Gilead east of the Jordan
Usage: Occurs in 12 OT verses. KJV: Debir. See also: Joshua 10:3; Joshua 15:7; 1 Chronicles 6:43.
מֶֽלֶךְ
melek
H4428
"King's"
N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
עֶגְל֖וֹן
ʻEglôwn
H5700
"Eglon"
N-proper
Eglon was a king of Moab who oppressed Israel for 18 years before being killed by Ehud. The name also refers to a city in Canaan that opposed Israel's conquest.
Definition: A man of the Moabites living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.3.12 § Eglon = "calf-like" 1) king of Moab who oppressed the children of Israel for 18 years before he was killed by the judge Ehud 2) a royal city in Canaan that opposed the conquest; located in the low lands of Judah
Usage: Occurs in 12 OT verses. KJV: Eglon. See also: Joshua 10:3; Joshua 12:12; Judges 3:17.
לֵ/אמֹֽר
ʼâmar
H559
"to say"
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.
Definition: 1) to say, speak, utter 1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend 1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called 1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly 1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)
Usage: Occurs in 4337 OT verses. KJV: answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet. See also: Genesis 1:3; Genesis 18:23; Genesis 25:32.
Study Notes — Joshua 10:3
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Joshua 10:3 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Joshua 10:3
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 10:3
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 10:3
- Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 10:3
- Ellicott's Commentary on Joshua 10:3
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Joshua 10:3
- Cambridge Bible on Joshua 10:3
- Barnes' Notes on Joshua 10:3
- Whedon's Commentary on Joshua 10:3
- Sermons on Joshua 10:3
Context — The Day the Sun Stood Still
1Now Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and devoted it to destruction —doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king—and that the people of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living near them.
2So Adoni-zedek and his people were greatly alarmed, because Gibeon was a great city, like one of the royal cities; it was larger than Ai, and all its men were mighty.
3Therefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent word to Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, saying,
4“Come up and help me. We will attack Gibeon, because they have made peace with Joshua and the Israelites.” 5So the five kings of the Amorites—the kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon—joined forces and advanced with all their armies. They camped before Gibeon and made war against it.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Chronicles 11:9 | Adoraim, Lachish, Azekah, |
| 2 | Micah 1:13 | Harness your chariot horses, O dweller of Lachish. You were the beginning of sin to the Daughter of Zion, for the transgressions of Israel were found in you. |
| 3 | Joshua 10:1 | Now Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and devoted it to destruction —doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king—and that the people of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living near them. |
| 4 | Joshua 15:63 | But the descendants of Judah could not drive out the Jebusites living in Jerusalem. So to this day the Jebusites live there among the descendants of Judah. |
| 5 | 2 Kings 18:17 | Nevertheless, the king of Assyria sent the Tartan, the Rabsaris, and the Rabshakeh, along with a great army, from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem. They advanced up to Jerusalem and stationed themselves by the aqueduct of the upper pool, on the road to the Launderer’s Field. |
| 6 | Joshua 15:35–39 | Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah, Shaaraim, Adithaim, and Gederah (or Gederothaim)—fourteen cities, along with their villages. Zenan, Hadashah, Migdal-gad, Dilan, Mizpeh, Joktheel, Lachish, Bozkath, Eglon, |
| 7 | Numbers 13:22 | They went up through the Negev and came to Hebron, where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the descendants of Anak, dwelled. It had been built seven years before Zoan in Egypt. |
| 8 | 2 Samuel 2:11 | And the length of time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months. |
| 9 | Joshua 14:15 | (Hebron used to be called Kiriath-arba, after Arba, the greatest man among the Anakim.) Then the land had rest from war. |
| 10 | Joshua 10:5 | So the five kings of the Amorites—the kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon—joined forces and advanced with all their armies. They camped before Gibeon and made war against it. |
Joshua 10:3 Summary
In this verse, Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem is trying to protect his own power and influence by forming an alliance with other kings to attack Gibeon. This shows that he is more concerned with his own interests than with trusting in God, similar to what we see in Psalm 20:7. We can learn from this that trusting in God is more important than trying to protect our own power or influence, as seen in Proverbs 3:5-6. By trusting in God, we can have peace and confidence, even in the face of challenges or threats, like the Israelites in Isaiah 26:3-4.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem send word to the other kings?
Adoni-zedek sent word to the other kings because he was alarmed by the peace treaty between the people of Gibeon and the Israelites, as seen in Joshua 10:1-2, and he wanted to form an alliance to attack Gibeon, similar to the alliances formed in Judges 1:3-7.
What was the relationship like between the kings of the Amorite cities?
The relationship between the kings of the Amorite cities appears to have been one of mutual cooperation and defense, as they joined forces to attack Gibeon in Joshua 10:5, similar to the alliances formed in 2 Kings 8:28-29.
Why was Gibeon a significant city in this context?
Gibeon was a significant city because it was a great city, like one of the royal cities, and it had made peace with the Israelites, which threatened the power and influence of the Amorite kings, as seen in Joshua 10:2 and also in Deuteronomy 20:10-11, where we see the importance of treaties and alliances in the region.
What can we learn from Adoni-zedek's actions in this verse?
We can learn that Adoni-zedek's actions were driven by a desire to protect his own power and influence, rather than trusting in God, as seen in Proverbs 29:25, where it is written that the fear of man brings a snare, but whoever trusts in the Lord will be safe.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways that I try to protect my own power and influence, rather than trusting in God?
- How can I learn to trust in God's sovereignty, even when faced with threats or challenges, like the Israelites in Exodus 14:13-14?
- What are some alliances or relationships in my life that may be hindering my relationship with God, similar to the alliances formed in 2 Corinthians 6:14-17?
- How can I cultivate a heart of trust and faith, like the people of Gibeon, who made peace with the Israelites in Joshua 10:1?
Gill's Exposition on Joshua 10:3
Wherefore Adonizedek king of Jerusalem sent to Hoham king of Hebron,.... Which, according to Jerom (d) was twenty two miles from Jerusalem; it was an ancient city built seven years before Zoan in
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 10:3
Wherefore Adonizedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying, Wherefore Adoni-zedek ...
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 10:3
He sent, either because he was superior to them in power or dignity, or because he was nearest the danger, and most forward in the work.
Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 10:3
Joshua 10:3 Wherefore Adonizedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,Ver. 3. Sent unto Hoham king of Hebron.] "Sic squamae Satan ita cohaerent ut earum opere textili densato quasi loricatus incedat Satan et cataphractus: quod de Faedere Concordiae qua malignantes ecclesiae membra se complexa muniebant et circumvallabant," - elegantissime Lutherus, et vere. Persecutors conspire and complot against God’ s people, who may boldly say unto them, as Isaiah 8:9-10, "Associate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces: take counsel together, and it shall come to nought; for God is with us: … the enemy is come into the breadth of thy land, O Immanuel." These words Basil bade the persecuted Christians use to the heathen princes, Animo praesenti et intrepido, with an undaunted spirit and well-knit resolution.
Ellicott's Commentary on Joshua 10:3
(3) Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon.—Hebron, i.e., el-Khalil, Jarmuth is identified as el-Yarmûk. Lachish is still uncertain; but see Note on Terse 32. Eglon is identified as Aglân in Philistia.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Joshua 10:3
Verse 3. Hoham king of Hebron] This city was situated in the mountains, southward of Jerusalem, from which it was about thirty miles distant. It fell to the tribe of Judah. Piram king of Jarmuth] There were two cities of this name; one belonged to the tribe of Issachar, see Joshua 21:29; that mentioned here fell to the tribe of Judah, see Joshua 15:35; it is supposed to have been about eighteen miles distant from Jerusalem. Japhia king of Lachish] This city is celebrated in Scripture; in that city Amaziah was slain by conspirators, 2Kg 14:19. It was besieged by Sennacherib, 2Kg 18:14; 2Kg 18:17; and without effect by the king of Assyria, as we learn from Isaiah 37:8: it was also besieged by the army of Nebuchadnezzar, see Jeremiah 34:7; it also fell to the lot of Judah, Joshua 15:39. Debir king of Eglon] Where this city was situated is very uncertain; but we learn from Joshua 15:39, that it fell to the lot of the tribe of Judah.
Cambridge Bible on Joshua 10:3
3. When Nebuchadnezzar came up against Jerusalem, he fought against all “the cities of Judah that were left, against Lachish, and against Azekah: for these defenced cities remained of the cities of Judah,” i.e. they had strength to stand out, when the others had fallen (Jeremiah 34:7).
Barnes' Notes on Joshua 10:3
For Hebron, see Genesis 13:18. Jarmuth, afterward one of the cities of Judah Joshua 15:35, is probably identified with the modern Yarmuk.
Whedon's Commentary on Joshua 10:3
3. Hebron — This city, one of the most ancient in the world, is situated among the mountains of Judah, twenty miles south of Jerusalem.
Sermons on Joshua 10:3
| Sermon | Description | |
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Joshua (Part 8): Victory Over Our Enemies by Richard Sipley | In this sermon, the speaker begins by discussing how Joshua and his army marched up from Gilgal with determination and strength. The speaker then shares his personal experience of |
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Satan Uses Subtle Devices by David Wilkerson | David Wilkerson warns about the subtle devices of Satan, who uses powerful and seemingly successful figures to instill doubt in believers' commitment to trust God. He highlights ho |
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Thirty-One Kings, or the Victory Over Self by A.B. Simpson | A.B. Simpson emphasizes the spiritual battle against the 'thirty-one kings' representing various forms of self-life that hinder our relationship with God. He explains that while gr |