Exodus 22:17
Exodus 22:17 in Multiple Translations
If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, the man still must pay an amount comparable to the bridal price of a virgin.
If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.
If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.
If her father will not give her to him on any account, he will have to give the regular payment for virgins.
If her father adamantly refuses to give her to him, the man still must pay the same amount as the bride-price for a virgin.
If her father refuse to giue her to him, hee shall pay money, according to ye dowry of virgins.
if her father utterly refuse to give her to him, money he doth weigh out according to the dowry of virgins.
If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.
If her father shall utterly refuse to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the dower of virgins.
If the maid’s father will not give her to him, he shall give money according to the dowry, which virgins are wont to receive.
But if her father refuses to allow her to marry him, he must pay to the woman’s father the amount of money that is equal to the amount of bride price money that men pay for virgins.
Berean Amplified Bible — Exodus 22:17
BAB
Word Study
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Exodus 22:17 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
מְכַשֵּׁפָ֖ה
לֹ֥א
תְחַיֶּֽה
מְכַשֵּׁפָ֖ה
kâshaph
H3784
to practice sorcery
V-Piel
לֹ֥א
lôʼ
H3808
not
Part
תְחַיֶּֽה
châyâh
H2421
to live
V-Piel-Imperf-2ms
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Exodus 22:17
מְכַשֵּׁפָ֖ה
kâshaph
H3784
"to practice sorcery"
V-Piel
To practice sorcery means to use magic or witchcraft to try to control or manipulate others. In the Bible, this is strongly condemned, as seen in books like Deuteronomy and Revelation.
Definition: 1) (Piel) to practice witchcraft or sorcery, use witchcraft 1a) sorcerer, sorceress (participle)
Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: sorcerer, (use) witch(-craft). See also: Exodus 7:11; 2 Chronicles 33:6; Malachi 3:5.
לֹ֥א
lôʼ
H3808
"not"
Part
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.
תְחַיֶּֽה
châyâh
H2421
"to live"
V-Piel-Imperf-2ms
To live or have life is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which can also mean to revive or be quickened. It is used in the Bible to describe God's power to sustain life and restore people to health, as seen in the stories of the prophets and Jesus' miracles.
Definition: 1) to live, have life, remain alive, sustain life, live prosperously, live for ever, be quickened, be alive, be restored to life or health 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to live 1a1a) to have life 1a1b) to continue in life, remain alive 1a1c) to sustain life, to live on or upon 1a1d) to live (prosperously) 1a2) to revive, be quickened 1a2a) from sickness 1a2b) from discouragement 1a2c) from faintness 1a2d) from death 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to preserve alive, let live 1b2) to give life 1b3) to quicken, revive, refresh 1b3a) to restore to life 1b3b) to cause to grow 1b3c) to restore 1b3d) to revive 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to preserve alive, let live 1c2) to quicken, revive 1c2a) to restore (to health) 1c2b) to revive 1c2c) to restore to life
Usage: Occurs in 239 OT verses. KJV: keep (leave, make) alive, [idiom] certainly, give (promise) life, (let, suffer to) live, nourish up, preserve (alive), quicken, recover, repair, restore (to life), revive, ([idiom] God) save (alive, life, lives), [idiom] surely, be whole. See also: Genesis 5:3; 2 Samuel 16:16; Psalms 22:27.
Study Notes — Exodus 22:17
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Exodus 22:17 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Exodus 22:17
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 22:17
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Exodus 22:17
- Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 22:17
- Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 22:17
- Cambridge Bible on Exodus 22:17
- Sermons on Exodus 22:17
Context — Laws of Social Responsibility
15If the owner was present, no restitution is required. If the animal was rented, the fee covers the loss.
16If a man seduces a virgin who is not pledged in marriage and sleeps with her, he must pay the full dowry for her to be his wife.
17If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, the man still must pay an amount comparable to the bridal price of a virgin.
18You must not allow a sorceress to live. 19Whoever lies with an animal must surely be put to death.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 34:12 | Demand a high dowry and an expensive gift, and I will give you whatever you ask. Only give me the girl as my wife!” |
| 2 | 1 Samuel 18:25 | Saul replied, “Say to David, ‘The king desires no other dowry but a hundred Philistine foreskins as revenge on his enemies.’” But Saul intended to cause David’s death at the hands of the Philistines. |
| 3 | Deuteronomy 22:29 | then the man who lay with her must pay the young woman’s father fifty shekels of silver, and she must become his wife because he has violated her. He must not divorce her as long as he lives. |
| 4 | Deuteronomy 7:3–4 | Do not intermarry with them. Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons, because they will turn your sons away from following Me to serve other gods. Then the anger of the LORD will burn against you, and He will swiftly destroy you. |
| 5 | Genesis 23:16 | Abraham agreed to Ephron’s terms and weighed out for him the price he had named in the hearing of the Hittites: four hundred shekels of silver, according to the standard of the merchants. |
Exodus 22:17 Summary
[This verse, Exodus 22:17, teaches us that if a man hurts or exploits a woman, he must still take responsibility for his actions, even if he doesn't get to marry her, by paying a price for her, similar to what is mentioned in Exodus 22:16. This shows that God values purity and wants people to treat each other with respect and care, as also seen in verses like Ephesians 5:33. It's a reminder that our actions have consequences, and we should always try to do what's right and respect others, as taught in 1 Thessalonians 4:3-7. By considering these principles, we can better understand God's heart for justice, purity, and respect in all our relationships.]
Frequently Asked Questions
What happens if the father of the virgin refuses to let the man who seduced her marry her?
According to Exodus 22:17, the man still has to pay the bridal price for her, even if he is not allowed to marry her, to compensate for his actions, similar to the principle found in Exodus 22:16.
Why does the man have to pay the bridal price if he is not marrying the virgin?
The payment serves as a form of restitution for the harm caused to the woman and her family, reflecting the value placed on a woman's purity and the consequences of sin, as seen in Deuteronomy 22:28-29.
How does this law relate to the modern concept of consent and relationships?
While the historical context differs, the principle of respecting and valuing the other person, particularly in situations involving vulnerability, remains relevant today, echoing the teachings of Ephesians 5:33 and 1 Peter 3:7 on mutual respect in relationships.
Is this law still applicable today?
As part of the Mosaic law, its direct application is within the historical context of Israel, but the underlying principles of accountability, restitution, and the value of purity are timeless and find expression in the teachings of the New Testament, such as in 1 Thessalonians 4:3-7.
Reflection Questions
- How does this verse highlight the importance of accountability in our actions, especially regarding the well-being of others?
- In what ways can we apply the principle of restitution in our own lives when we have wronged someone, even if it's not in a romantic context?
- What does this law reveal about God's view on the value and dignity of women, and how can we reflect this value in our interactions with others?
- How might the requirement for the man to pay the bridal price, even if not marrying the woman, serve as a deterrent against exploiting or harming others, and what lesson can we draw from this for our own lives?
Gill's Exposition on Exodus 22:17
If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him,.... For wife, either because of his character, family, or circumstances; or, however, being disagreeable to him on one account or another, and
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 22:17
If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins. No JFB commentary on this verse.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Exodus 22:17
This shows the necessity of parents’ consent in marriage. According to the dowry of virgins, i.e. in such proportion as the virgin’ s quality requires; for there was no certain and equal dowry appointed for all women. See Poole on . Quest. Why is there no punishment for the woman? Answ. 1. She had no distinct estate, being yet in her father’ s house. 2. The loss of her virginity was a sufficient punishment, especially in Israel, where it was a great reproach and prejudice. 3. She was not so culpable as the man, both because she was of the weaker sex, and because she was drawn to the sin by the man’ s persuasion.
Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 22:17
Exodus 22:17 If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.Ver. 17. He shall pay.] No fine is laid upon her, because she had nothing of her own; and she had lost her honour in losing her virginity.
Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 22:17
(17) He shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.—It is not stated what the amount was to be in this case; but probably it was more than in the other.
Cambridge Bible on Exodus 22:17
17. If, however, the father will not give her in marriage to her seducer, he must still pay him the usual marriage-price that would be expected for a daughter. In Deuteronomy 22:28 the penalty for rape Isaiah 50 shekels of silver (about £7]), not quite twice the ordinary price of a slave (Exodus 21:32). Exodus 22:18 to Exodus 23:19. A collection of miscellaneous moral, religious, and ceremonial commands, not very systematically arranged. They correspond to the ‘words’ of Exodus 24:3 (see on Exodus 21:1): with few exceptions, all are introduced by Thou shalt: even where the opening word is If, thou shalt generally follows (Exodus 22:25-26, Exodus 23:4-5). The moral commands are prompted chiefly by motives of philanthropy and equity: the religious and ceremonial ones are comprised in Exodus 22:20; Exodus 22:28-31, Exodus 23:10-19 (cf. Exodus 20:23-26). It is probable that in parts the original laws have had parenetic additions made to them by the compiler.
Sermons on Exodus 22:17
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
|
Some More Particular Directions for Maintaining Continual Communion With God by Philip Doddridge | Philip Doddridge preaches about the importance of maintaining a devout, spiritual, and heavenly character in daily life, emphasizing the need for self-examination, prayer, and devo |
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Commentary Notes - Joshua by Walter Beuttler | Walter Beuttler preaches on the book of Joshua, highlighting the historical account of Israel's conquest of Canaan, where God led them into victory. The key phrase 'the Lord fought |
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Genesis 23:1-20 by John Calvin | John Calvin preaches about the death and burial of Sarah, highlighting Abraham's faith and reverence in securing a burial place for his wife, emphasizing the importance of honoring |