Exodus 22:13
Exodus 22:13 in Multiple Translations
If the animal was torn to pieces, he shall bring it as evidence; he need not make restitution for the torn carcass.
If it be torn in pieces, then let him bring it for witness, and he shall not make good that which was torn.
If it be torn in pieces, let him bring it for witness: he shall not make good that which was torn.
But if it has been damaged by a beast, and he is able to make this clear, he will not have to make payment for what was damaged.
If it was killed and torn to pieces by a wild animal, the neighbor shall present the carcass as evidence and does not need to pay compensation.
If it be torne in pieces, he shall bring recorde, and shall not make that good, which is deuoured.
if it is certainly torn, he bringeth it in — a witness; the torn thing he doth not repay.
If it is torn in pieces, let him bring it for evidence. He shall not make good that which was torn.
If it shall be torn in pieces; then let him bring it for witness, and he shall not make good that which was torn.
If it were eaten by a beast, let him bring to him that which was slain, and he shall not make restitution.
If he says that the animal was killed by wild animals, he must bring back the remains of the animal that was killed and show it to the animal’s owner. If he does that, he will not have to pay anything for the animal.
Berean Amplified Bible — Exodus 22:13
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Exodus 22:13 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וְ/כִֽי
יִשְׁאַ֥ל
אִ֛ישׁ
מֵ/עִ֥ם
רֵעֵ֖/הוּ
וְ/נִשְׁבַּ֣ר
אוֹ
מֵ֑ת
בְּעָלָ֥י/ו
אֵין
עִמּ֖/וֹ
שַׁלֵּ֥ם
יְשַׁלֵּֽם
וְ/כִֽי
kîy
H3588
for
Conj | Conj
יִשְׁאַ֥ל
shâʼal
H7592
to ask
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
אִ֛ישׁ
ʼîysh
H376
man
N-ms
מֵ/עִ֥ם
ʻim
H5973
with
Prep | Prep
רֵעֵ֖/הוּ
rêaʻ
H7453
neighbor
N-ms | Suff
וְ/נִשְׁבַּ֣ר
shâbar
H7665
to break
Conj | V-Niphal-Perf-3ms
אוֹ
ʼôw
H176
or
Conj
מֵ֑ת
mûwth
H4191
to die
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
בְּעָלָ֥י/ו
baʻal
H1167
master
N-mp | Suff
אֵין
ʼayin
H369
nothing
Part
עִמּ֖/וֹ
ʻim
H5973
with
Prep | Suff
שַׁלֵּ֥ם
shâlam
H7999
to complete
V-Piel-Ptc
יְשַׁלֵּֽם
shâlam
H7999
to complete
V-Piel-Imperf-3ms
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Exodus 22:13
וְ/כִֽי
kîy
H3588
"for"
Conj | Conj
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
יִשְׁאַ֥ל
shâʼal
H7592
"to ask"
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
To ask or inquire, this Hebrew word is used in the Bible to describe seeking information or requesting something. It can also mean to beg or borrow, and is used in many different contexts throughout the Old Testament. The KJV translates it as ask, beg, or borrow.
Definition: 1) to ask, enquire, borrow, beg 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to ask, ask for 1a2) to ask (as a favour), borrow 1a3) to enquire, enquire of 1a4) to enquire of, consult (of deity, oracle) 1a5) to seek 1b) (Niphal) to ask for oneself, ask leave of absence 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to enquire, enquire carefully 1c2) to beg, practise beggary 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to be given on request 1d2) to grant, make over to, let (one) ask (successfully) or give or lend on request (then) grant or make over to Aramaic equivalent: she.el (שְׁאֵל "to ask" H7593)
Usage: Occurs in 157 OT verses. KJV: ask (counsel, on), beg, borrow, lay to charge, consult, demand, desire, [idiom] earnestly, enquire, [phrase] greet, obtain leave, lend, pray, request, require, [phrase] salute, [idiom] straitly, [idiom] surely, wish. See also: Genesis 24:47; 2 Samuel 8:10; Psalms 2:8.
אִ֛ישׁ
ʼîysh
H376
"man"
N-ms
The Hebrew word for man, referring to a male person or individual, is used in the Bible to describe humans in contrast to God or animals, as seen in Genesis and Psalms. It can also mean husband or servant. In the KJV, it is translated as man or male.
Definition: : man 1) man 1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female) 1b) husband 1c) human being, person (in contrast to God) 1d) servant 1e) mankind 1f) champion 1g) great man 2) whosoever 3) each (adjective)
Usage: Occurs in 1851 OT verses. KJV: also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. Compare H802 (אִשָּׁה). See also: Genesis 2:23; Genesis 42:25; Exodus 32:23.
מֵ/עִ֥ם
ʻim
H5973
"with"
Prep | Prep
This Hebrew word means with or together, like when God is with his people in Exodus 33:14-15. It's used to describe accompaniment or association, and can also mean against or beside. The word is used to convey a sense of relationship or proximity between people or things.
Definition: 1) with 1a) with 1b) against 1c) toward 1d) as long as
Usage: Occurs in 919 OT verses. KJV: accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al). See also: Genesis 3:6; Exodus 21:14; Deuteronomy 29:11.
רֵעֵ֖/הוּ
rêaʻ
H7453
"neighbor"
N-ms | Suff
A neighbor or friend is what this word means, describing someone close to you. It can also refer to a companion, fellow citizen, or another person, and is often translated as brother or friend.
Definition: 1) friend, companion, fellow, another person 1a) friend, intimate 1b) fellow, fellow-citizen, another person (weaker sense) 1c) other, another (reciprocal phrase)
Usage: Occurs in 173 OT verses. KJV: brother, companion, fellow, friend, husband, lover, neighbour, [idiom] (an-) other. See also: Genesis 11:3; Job 42:7; Psalms 12:3.
וְ/נִשְׁבַּ֣ר
shâbar
H7665
"to break"
Conj | V-Niphal-Perf-3ms
This word means to break or shatter something, either physically or emotionally. It can also mean to burst or rupture, and is often used to describe intense violence or destruction. In the Bible, it's translated as break or crush.
Definition: 1) to break, break in pieces 1a) (Qal) 1a1) break, break in or down, rend violently, wreck, crush, quench 1a2) to break, rupture (fig) 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be broken, be maimed, be crippled, be wrecked 1b2) to be broken, be crushed (fig) 1c) (Piel) to shatter, break 1d) (Hiphil) to cause to break out, bring to the birth 1e) (Hophal) to be broken, be shattered Aramaic equivalent: te.var (תְּבַר "to break" H8406)
Usage: Occurs in 143 OT verses. KJV: break (down, off, in pieces, up), broken (-hearted), bring to the birth, crush, destroy, hurt, quench, [idiom] quite, tear, view (by mistake for H7663 (שָׂבַר)). See also: Genesis 19:9; Isaiah 27:11; Psalms 3:8.
אוֹ
ʼôw
H176
"or"
Conj
Desire can also mean or, and, or if, showing a choice between options, as seen in Proverbs 31:4. It is used to express alternatives or possibilities.
Definition: 1) or, rather 1a) implying that the latter choice is preferred 1b) or if, introducing an example to be seen under a particular principle 1c) (in series) either...or, whether...or 1d) if perchance 1e) except, or else 2) whether, not the least, if, otherwise, also, and, then
Usage: Occurs in 218 OT verses. KJV: also, and, either, if, at the least, [idiom] nor, or, otherwise, then, whether. See also: Genesis 24:49; Leviticus 25:49; Proverbs 30:31.
מֵ֑ת
mûwth
H4191
"to die"
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to die, either literally or as a punishment, and is used in books like Genesis and Exodus. It can also mean to perish or be killed. This concept is seen in the story of Adam and Eve, where death enters the world as a result of sin.
Definition: 1) to die, kill, have one executed 1a)(Qal) 1a1) to die 1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death 1a3) to die, perish (of a nation) 1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct) 1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch 1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death 1d) (Hophal) 1d1) to be killed, be put to death 1d1a) to die prematurely
Usage: Occurs in 695 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] at all, [idiom] crying, (be) dead (body, man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to, be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), [idiom] must needs, slay, [idiom] surely, [idiom] very suddenly, [idiom] in (no) wise. See also: Genesis 2:17; Exodus 21:18; Numbers 35:21.
בְּעָלָ֥י/ו
baʻal
H1167
"master"
N-mp | Suff
Means master or owner, often referring to a husband or leader, as seen in the book of Genesis and Exodus.
Definition: : master/leader 1) owner, husband, lord 1a) owner 1b) a husband 1c) citizens, inhabitants 1d) rulers, lords 1e) (noun of relationship used to characterise-ie, master of dreams)
Usage: Occurs in 79 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] archer, [phrase] babbler, [phrase] bird, captain, chief man, [phrase] confederate, [phrase] have to do, [phrase] dreamer, those to whom it is due, [phrase] furious, those that are given to it, great, [phrase] hairy, he that hath it, have, [phrase] horseman, husband, lord, man, [phrase] married, master, person, [phrase] sworn, they of. See also: Genesis 14:13; 1 Samuel 23:11; Proverbs 1:17.
אֵין
ʼayin
H369
"nothing"
Part
This word means nothing or not, often used to indicate the absence of something, as in Genesis 1:2 where the earth was without form. It emphasizes the idea of something lacking or non-existent.
Definition: 1) nothing, not, nought n 1a) nothing, nought neg 1b) not 1c) to have not (of possession) adv 1d) without w/prep 1e) for lack of
Usage: Occurs in 686 OT verses. KJV: else, except, fail, (father-) less, be gone, in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any, thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable), well-nigh, without. Compare H370 (אַיִן). See also: Genesis 2:5; Deuteronomy 14:27; 1 Kings 15:22.
עִמּ֖/וֹ
ʻim
H5973
"with"
Prep | Suff
This Hebrew word means with or together, like when God is with his people in Exodus 33:14-15. It's used to describe accompaniment or association, and can also mean against or beside. The word is used to convey a sense of relationship or proximity between people or things.
Definition: 1) with 1a) with 1b) against 1c) toward 1d) as long as
Usage: Occurs in 919 OT verses. KJV: accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al). See also: Genesis 3:6; Exodus 21:14; Deuteronomy 29:11.
שַׁלֵּ֥ם
shâlam
H7999
"to complete"
V-Piel-Ptc
This verb means to be at peace or to make peace with someone. It is used in the Bible to describe a state of safety or friendship. In the KJV, it is translated as 'make amends' or 'be at peace'.
Definition: 1) to be complete, be sound 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to be complete, be finished, be ended 1a2) to be sound, be uninjured 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to complete, finish 1b2) to make safe 1b3) to make whole or good, restore, make compensation 1b4) to make good, pay 1b5) to requite, recompense, reward 1c) (Pual) 1c1) to be performed 1c2) to be repaid, be requited 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to complete, perform 1d2) to make an end of Aramaic equivalent: she.lam (שְׁלֵם "be complete" H8000)
Usage: Occurs in 107 OT verses. KJV: make amends, (make an) end, finish, full, give again, make good, (re-) pay (again), (make) (to) (be at) peace(-able), that is perfect, perform, (make) prosper(-ous), recompense, render, requite, make restitution, restore, reward, [idiom] surely. See also: Genesis 44:4; Psalms 7:5; Psalms 22:26.
יְשַׁלֵּֽם
shâlam
H7999
"to complete"
V-Piel-Imperf-3ms
This verb means to be at peace or to make peace with someone. It is used in the Bible to describe a state of safety or friendship. In the KJV, it is translated as 'make amends' or 'be at peace'.
Definition: 1) to be complete, be sound 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to be complete, be finished, be ended 1a2) to be sound, be uninjured 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to complete, finish 1b2) to make safe 1b3) to make whole or good, restore, make compensation 1b4) to make good, pay 1b5) to requite, recompense, reward 1c) (Pual) 1c1) to be performed 1c2) to be repaid, be requited 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to complete, perform 1d2) to make an end of Aramaic equivalent: she.lam (שְׁלֵם "be complete" H8000)
Usage: Occurs in 107 OT verses. KJV: make amends, (make an) end, finish, full, give again, make good, (re-) pay (again), (make) (to) (be at) peace(-able), that is perfect, perform, (make) prosper(-ous), recompense, render, requite, make restitution, restore, reward, [idiom] surely. See also: Genesis 44:4; Psalms 7:5; Psalms 22:26.
Study Notes — Exodus 22:13
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Exodus 22:13 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Exodus 22:13
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 22:13
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Exodus 22:13
- Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 22:13
- Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 22:13
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Exodus 22:13
- Cambridge Bible on Exodus 22:13
- Sermons on Exodus 22:13
Context — Property Laws
11an oath before the LORD shall be made between the parties to determine whether or not the man has taken his neighbor’s property. The owner must accept the oath and require no restitution.
12But if the animal was actually stolen from the neighbor, he must make restitution to the owner.
13If the animal was torn to pieces, he shall bring it as evidence; he need not make restitution for the torn carcass.
14If a man borrows an animal from his neighbor and it is injured or dies while its owner is not present, he must make full restitution. 15If the owner was present, no restitution is required. If the animal was rented, the fee covers the loss.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nahum 2:12 | The lion mauled enough for its cubs and strangled prey for the lioness. It filled its dens with the kill, and its lairs with mauled prey. |
| 2 | Micah 5:8 | Then the remnant of Jacob will be among the nations, in the midst of many peoples, like a lion among the beasts of the forest, like a young lion among flocks of sheep, which tramples and tears as it passes through, with no one to rescue them. |
| 3 | Ezekiel 4:14 | “Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “I have never defiled myself. From my youth until now I have not eaten anything found dead or mauled by wild beasts. No unclean meat has ever entered my mouth.” |
| 4 | Amos 3:12 | This is what the LORD says: “As the shepherd snatches from the mouth of the lion two legs or a piece of an ear, so the Israelites dwelling in Samaria will be rescued having just the corner of a bed or the cushion of a couch. |
Exodus 22:13 Summary
Exodus 22:13 teaches us that if an animal is torn to pieces, the person borrowing it doesn't have to pay for it, but they do need to bring the remains as evidence. This shows us the importance of being honest and taking responsibility for our actions, as also seen in (Proverbs 10:9). It's like when we borrow something from someone and it gets broken - we should be honest and tell the owner what happened, rather than trying to hide it, as taught in (Luke 12:48). By being truthful and taking responsibility, we can build trust and respect with others, and with God.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the purpose of bringing the torn animal as evidence in Exodus 22:13?
The purpose of bringing the torn animal as evidence is to prove that the animal was indeed torn by a wild animal and not stolen, as stated in Exodus 22:13, thereby freeing the borrower from liability, similar to the principle found in Acts 5:1-11 where honesty is expected in our dealings with others.
How does this verse relate to our responsibility to care for others' property?
This verse emphasizes the importance of being a good steward of others' property, as seen in Exodus 22:13, and being honest in our dealings, as taught in Proverbs 10:9, where integrity is key to our relationships and reputation.
What happens if the animal was not torn by a wild animal, but was stolen or injured due to negligence?
If the animal was stolen or injured due to negligence, the borrower would be liable for restitution, as stated in Exodus 22:12, emphasizing the importance of accountability and responsibility in our actions, as also seen in Luke 12:48 where much is required from those who have been given much.
How does this verse apply to our lives today?
This verse applies to our lives today by teaching us the importance of honesty, accountability, and responsibility in our dealings with others, as seen in Exodus 22:13, and reminding us that our actions have consequences, as taught in Galatians 6:7-8, where we reap what we sow.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways I can apply the principle of honesty and accountability in my daily life, especially in my relationships with others?
- How can I be a better steward of the resources and property that God has entrusted to me, as seen in Exodus 22:13 and Matthew 25:14-30?
- What are some potential consequences of being dishonest or irresponsible in my dealings with others, and how can I avoid them, as warned in Proverbs 10:9 and Luke 12:48?
- How can I balance the need for accountability with the importance of showing grace and mercy to others, as seen in Exodus 22:13 and Matthew 18:21-35?
Gill's Exposition on Exodus 22:13
If it be torn in pieces,.... By some wild beast, at least as pretended: [then] let him bring it for witness; part of that which is torn, that it may be witness for him that it was torn, as in Amos
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 22:13
If a man shall deliver unto his neighbour money or stuff to keep, and it be stolen out of the man's house; if the thief be found, let him pay double.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Exodus 22:13
Let him bring it; it, i.e. some part of the torn creature, which the wild beast haply had left, ,12. Quest. What if the whole creature were carried away, as a sheep or lamb is sometimes by the wolf? Answ. 1. I suppose this was not frequent, and that those ravenous creatures did speedily fall to their meal, and that something was left not far from the place, which the shepherd might easily procure. 2. The words may Be otherwise rendered, he shall bring a witness, as the Chaldee and Samaritan render it; or a testimony, i.e. some evidence whereby the judge might be satisfied; as for instance, that some wolf or lion, &c. was seen in those parts, &c., or some witness of his diligence and Faithfulness in all other things, which therefore might well be presumed in this.
Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 22:13
Exodus 22:13 If it be torn in pieces, [then] let him bring it [for] witness, [and] he shall not make good that which was torn.Ver. 13. Let him bring it.] A leg, or a limb of it, as Amos 3:12.
Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 22:13
(13) Let him bring it for witness.—This would not always be possible. Where it was not, the trustee could fall back on the oath.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Exodus 22:13
Verse 13. If it be torn in pieces - let him bring it for witness] Rather, Let him bring עד הטרפה ed hatterephah, a testimony or evidence of the torn thing, such as the horns, hoofs, &c. This is still a law in some countries among graziers: if a horse, cow, sheep, or goat, intrusted to them, be lost, and the keeper asserts it was devoured by dogs, &c., the law obliges him to produce the horns and hoofs, because on these the owner's mark is generally found. If these can be produced, the keeper is acquitted by the law. The ear is often the place marked, but this is not absolutely required, because a ravenous beast may eat the ear as well as any other part, but he cannot eat the horns or the hoofs. It seems however that in after times two of the legs and the ear were required as evidences to acquit the shepherd of all guilt. See Amos 3:12.
Cambridge Bible on Exodus 22:13
13. If the animal be torn by wild beasts, the man entrusted with it has only to produce its torn flesh as evidence of the fact, and he need make no compensation. No reasonable precautions could guard against this most common misfortune to cattle in the East (cf. Genesis 31:39); and the fact that the remains of the flesh could be produced would show that the shepherd had been watchful, and had even driven off the wild beast before it had completely consumed the carcase (1 Samuel 17:35, Amos 3:12). Cf. Ḥ ?amm. § 244 (a hired animal); and Manu viii. 235 f.
Sermons on Exodus 22:13
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
|
Letter 96 by James Bourne | James Bourne reflects on the slow and steady work of God in our lives, contrasting it with our impatience and haste. He describes the refining process God takes us through, reveali |
|
The Goat by Harriet N. Cook | Harriet N. Cook delves into the significance of goats in the Bible, highlighting their various uses and symbolism in ancient times. From providing milk and cheese to being used for |