Exodus 10:27
Exodus 10:27 in Multiple Translations
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go.
¶ But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let them go.
But Jehovah hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let them go.
But the Lord made Pharaoh's heart hard, and he would not let them go.
But the Lord made Pharaoh stubborn, and he would not let them go.
(But the Lord hardened Pharaohs heart, and he would not let them goe)
And Jehovah strengtheneth the heart of Pharaoh, and he hath not been willing to send them away;
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he wouldn’t let them go.
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.
And the Lord hardened Pharao’s heart, and he would not let them go.
But Yahweh made the king continue to be stubborn [IDM], and he would not let the Israeli people go.
Berean Amplified Bible — Exodus 10:27
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Exodus 10:27 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יְחַזֵּ֥ק
יְהוָ֖ה
אֶת
לֵ֣ב
פַּרְעֹ֑ה
וְ/לֹ֥א
אָבָ֖ה
לְ/שַׁלְּחָֽ/ם
וַ/יְחַזֵּ֥ק
châzaq
H2388
to strengthen
Conj | V-Piel-ConsecImperf-3ms
יְהוָ֖ה
Yᵉhôvâh
H3068
The Lord
N-proper
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
DirObjM
לֵ֣ב
lêb
H3820
heart
N-ms
פַּרְעֹ֑ה
Parʻôh
H6547
Pharaoh
N-proper
וְ/לֹ֥א
lôʼ
H3808
not
Conj | Part
אָבָ֖ה
ʼâbâh
H14
be willing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
לְ/שַׁלְּחָֽ/ם
shâlach
H7971
to send
Prep | V-Piel-Inf-a | Suff
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Exodus 10:27
וַ/יְחַזֵּ֥ק
châzaq
H2388
"to strengthen"
Conj | V-Piel-ConsecImperf-3ms
To strengthen means to be strong or courageous, and can also mean to seize or conquer, as seen in various KJV translations.
Definition: : strengthen/support/encourage 1) to strengthen, prevail, harden, be strong, become strong, be courageous, be firm, grow firm, be resolute, be sore 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to be strong, grow strong 1a1a) to prevail, prevail upon 1a1b) to be firm, be caught fast, be secure 1a1c) to press, be urgent 1a1d) to grow stout, grow rigid, grow hard (bad sense) 1a1e) to be severe, be grievous 1a2) to strengthen 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to make strong 1b2) to restore to strength, give strength 1b3) to strengthen, sustain, encourage 1b4) to make strong, make bold, encourage 1b5) to make firm 1b6) to make rigid, make hard 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to make strong, strengthen 1c2) to make firm 1c3) to display strength 1c4) to make severe 1c5) to support 1c6) to repair 1c7) to prevail, prevail upon 1c8) to have or take or keep hold of, retain, hold up, sustain, support 1c9) to hold, contain 1d) (Hithpael) 1d1) to strengthen oneself 1d2) to put forth strength, use one's strength 1d3) to withstand 1d4) to hold strongly with
Usage: Occurs in 266 OT verses. KJV: aid, amend, [idiom] calker, catch, cleave, confirm, be constant, constrain, continue, be of good (take) courage(-ous, -ly), encourage (self), be established, fasten, force, fortify, make hard, harden, help, (lay) hold (fast), lean, maintain, play the man, mend, become (wax) mighty, prevail, be recovered, repair, retain, seize, be (wax) sore, strengthen (self), be stout, be (make, shew, wax) strong(-er), be sure, take (hold), be urgent, behave self valiantly, withstand. See also: Genesis 19:16; 1 Chronicles 22:13; Psalms 27:14.
יְהוָ֖ה
Yᵉhôvâh
H3068
"The Lord"
N-proper
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Definition: Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Usage: Occurs in 5522 OT verses. KJV: Jehovah, the Lord. Compare H3050 (יָהּ), H3069 (יְהֹוִה). See also: Genesis 2:4; Genesis 24:42; Exodus 8:8.
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
לֵ֣ב
lêb
H3820
"heart"
N-ms
Leb refers to the heart, but also represents feelings, will, and intellect in the Bible. It is used figuratively to describe the center of something, and is often translated as heart or mind. Leb is a complex concept that encompasses emotions and thoughts.
Definition: 1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding 1a) inner part, midst 1a1) midst (of things) 1a2) heart (of man) 1a3) soul, heart (of man) 1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory 1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will) 1a6) conscience 1a7) heart (of moral character) 1a8) as seat of appetites 1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
Usage: Occurs in 552 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] care for, comfortably, consent, [idiom] considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-), (hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart(-ed), [idiom] heed, [idiom] I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), [idiom] regard(-ed), [idiom] themselves, [idiom] unawares, understanding, [idiom] well, willingly, wisdom. See also: Genesis 6:5; 2 Samuel 13:33; Psalms 4:8.
פַּרְעֹ֑ה
Parʻôh
H6547
"Pharaoh"
N-proper
In the Bible, Pharaoh refers to the king of Egypt, a powerful leader with great authority. The word is used in many passages, including Genesis 12:15 and Exodus 1:9, to describe the ruler of Egypt. It is a title of respect and power.
Definition: A man of the Egyptians living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.23.29; also called Pharaoh at 2Ki.23.35 etc.; Another name of ne.kho (נְכוֹ "Neco" H5224G) § Pharaoh = "great house" the common title of the king of Egypt
Usage: Occurs in 230 OT verses. KJV: Pharaoh. See also: Genesis 12:15; Exodus 6:29; 2 Kings 23:35.
וְ/לֹ֥א
lôʼ
H3808
"not"
Conj | Part
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.
אָבָ֖ה
ʼâbâh
H14
"be willing"
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
To be willing or consent is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which involves being acquiescent or accepting. It is used in various contexts, including being willing to obey or follow.
Definition: 1) to be willing, consent 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to be willing 1a2) to consent, yield to, accept 1a3) to desire
Usage: Occurs in 52 OT verses. KJV: consent, rest content will, be willing. See also: Genesis 24:5; 2 Samuel 14:29; Psalms 81:12.
לְ/שַׁלְּחָֽ/ם
shâlach
H7971
"to send"
Prep | V-Piel-Inf-a | Suff
To send or depart is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which has various applications in the Bible. It can describe sending someone or something away, or letting something go.
Definition: : depart/send 1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to send 1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct 1a3) to send away 1a4) to let loose 1b) (Niphal) to be sent 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out 1c2) to let go, set free 1c3) to shoot forth (of branches) 1c4) to let down 1c5) to shoot 1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled 1e) (Hiphil) to send
Usage: Occurs in 790 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring (on the way), cast (away, out), conduct, [idiom] earnestly, forsake, give (up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose), push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send (away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread, stretch forth (out). See also: Genesis 3:22; Exodus 9:27; Joshua 14:11.
Study Notes — Exodus 10:27
Show Verse Quote Highlights
Context — The Ninth Plague: Darkness
25But Moses replied, “You must also provide us with sacrifices and burnt offerings to present to the LORD our God.
26Even our livestock must go with us; not a hoof will be left behind, for we will need some of them to worship the LORD our God, and we will not know how we are to worship the LORD until we arrive.”
27But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was unwilling to let them go.
28“Depart from me!” Pharaoh said to Moses. “Make sure you never see my face again, for on the day you see my face, you will die.” 29“As you say,” Moses replied, “I will never see your face again.”Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 10:20 | But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go. |
| 2 | Exodus 4:21 | The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go. |
| 3 | Exodus 14:8 | And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly. |
| 4 | Exodus 14:4 | And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that he will pursue them. But I will gain honor by means of Pharaoh and all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the LORD.” So this is what the Israelites did. |
| 5 | Exodus 10:1 | Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials, that I may perform these miraculous signs of Mine among them, |
| 6 | Revelation 16:10–11 | And the fifth angel poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast, and its kingdom was plunged into darkness, and men began to gnaw their tongues in anguish and curse the God of heaven for their pains and sores; yet they did not repent of their deeds. |
| 7 | Revelation 9:20 | Now the rest of mankind who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands. They did not stop worshiping demons and idols of gold, silver, bronze, stone, and wood, which cannot see or hear or walk. |
Exodus 10:27 Summary
This verse means that God made Pharaoh's heart even harder, so he wouldn't let the Israelites go, as a way of demonstrating His power and control over all things (Romans 9:17). It shows us that God is in charge of everything, even the decisions of leaders, and that He can use anyone to accomplish His purposes (Proverbs 21:1). We can trust that God is working everything out for our good, even when we don't understand what's happening (Romans 8:28). By trusting in God's sovereignty, we can find peace and rest in His loving care.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did God harden Pharaoh's heart if He is a loving God?
God's hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a complex issue, but it can be understood as a sovereign act of God, allowing Pharaoh's already rebellious heart to continue in its sin, as seen in Romans 9:17-18, where God's sovereignty is emphasized.
Is God responsible for Pharaoh's sin?
While God hardened Pharaoh's heart, Pharaoh was still responsible for his own sin, as seen in Exodus 8:15 and 8:32, where Pharaoh hardened his own heart, and in 2 Peter 3:9, where God desires all to come to repentance.
What does this verse teach us about God's control over human events?
This verse teaches us that God is sovereign over all human events, including the decisions of world leaders, as seen in Proverbs 21:1, where the king's heart is in God's hand, and in Daniel 2:21, where God controls the course of human events.
How does this verse relate to the concept of free will?
This verse highlights the complex relationship between God's sovereignty and human free will, suggesting that while God can influence human decisions, humans are still responsible for their choices, as seen in Joshua 24:15, where humans are called to make choices, and in Philippians 2:12-13, where God works in us to will and act.
Reflection Questions
- In what ways do I see God's sovereignty at work in my own life, and how can I surrender to His will?
- How can I balance the idea of God's control with the concept of human responsibility, and what does this mean for my own spiritual journey?
- What are some areas in my life where I am struggling with rebellion or hardness of heart, and how can I ask God to soften my heart?
- In what ways can I trust God's sovereignty, even when I don't understand the circumstances of my life, and how can I find peace in His control?
Gill's Exposition on Exodus 10:27
But the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart,.... Yet more and more: and he would not let them go; his heart was set against it, his will was resolute, and he was determined never to let them go.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 10:27
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go. No JFB commentary on this verse.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Exodus 10:27
Verse 27. The Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart] He had yet another miracle to work for the complete conviction of the Egyptians and triumph of his people; and till that was wrought he permitted the natural obstinacy of Pharaoh's haughty heart to have its full sway, after each resistance of the gracious influence which was intended to soften and bring him to repentance.
Cambridge Bible on Exodus 10:27
27. The result is the same as in v. 20. 28, 29 (J). The original sequel of v. 26 (J). The Pharaoh is greatly angered at Moses’ persistency; and declares peremptorily that he will never admit him to his presence again. In the existing text of Exodus, Moses is admitted to the Pharaoh’s presence again, viz. to deliver the message Exodus 11:4-8 after he had received the command contained in Exodus 11:1-3 : the difficulty is removed by the supposition that originally Exodus 11:4-8 was the immediate sequel of Exo 10:28-29, and that the connexion was interrupted by the compiler’s insertion of Exo 11:1-3 from E.
Sermons on Exodus 10:27
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
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(Through the Bible) Exodus 6-10 by Chuck Smith | In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the response of God to Moses' despair and the increasing hardships faced by the children of Israel under Pharaoh's rule. God assures Moses t |
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(Exodus) Exodus 7:2-9 by J. Vernon McGee | In this sermon, the preacher discusses the story of Moses and Pharaoh in the book of Exodus. He compares Pharaoh to King Cole, who wanted to appear generous but was actually hard-h |
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The Reluctant God - Part 9 by G.W. North | In this sermon, the preacher talks about Moses and his encounter with God. He emphasizes Moses' humility and how he was chosen by God despite his own feelings of inadequacy. The pr |
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Proverbs 29:1 by Chuck Smith | Chuck Smith emphasizes the dire consequences of ignoring God's warnings, drawing parallels between physical ailments without remedies and spiritual neglect. He highlights the criti |
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Will the Church Go Through the Tribulation by Paris Reidhead | In this sermon, the speaker discusses the idea that as a person goes through life and achieves certain milestones, they become increasingly ready to go home. These milestones inclu |
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The Armageddon Count Down by J.C. Hibbard | In this sermon, the speaker discusses the signs and events that Jesus foretold would happen before the coming of the kingdom of God. These signs include perplexities of nations, wa |
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The Doctrine of Repentance by Thomas Watson | Thomas Watson preaches on the Doctrine of Repentance, emphasizing the essential nature of repentance as a grace of God's Spirit that humbles and reforms sinners. He highlights the |